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add sysadmin docs
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Dietmar Maurer
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sysadmin.adoc
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sysadmin.adoc
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Host System Administration
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==========================
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{pve} is based on the famous https://www.debian.org/[Debian] Linux
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distribution. That means that you have access to the whole world of
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Debian packages, and the base system is well documented. The
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https://debian-handbook.info/download/stable/debian-handbook.pdf[Debian
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Administrator\'s Handbook] is available online, and provide a
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comprehensive introduction to the Debian operating system (see
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xref:Hertzog13[]).
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A standard {pve} installation uses the default repositories from
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Debian, so you get bug fixes and security updates through that
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channel. In addition, we provide our own package repository to roll
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out all {pve} related packages. This includes updates to some
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Debian packages when necessary.
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We also deliver a specially optimized Linux kernel, where we enable all
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required virtualization and container features. That kernel includes
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drivers for http://zfsonlinux.org/[ZFS], and several hardware drivers.
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For example, we ship Intel network card drivers to support their
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newest hardware.
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The following sections will concentrate on virtualization related
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topics. They either explains things which are different on {pve}, or
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tasks which are commonly used on {pve}. For other topics, please refer
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to the standard Debian documentation.
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System requirements
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-------------------
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For production servers, high quality server equipment is needed. Keep
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in mind, if you run 10 Virtual Servers on one machine and you then
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experience a hardware failure, 10 services are lost. {pve}
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supports clustering, this means that multiple {pve} installations
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can be centrally managed thanks to the included cluster functionality.
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{pve} can use local storage (DAS), SAN, NAS and also distributed
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storage (Ceph RBD). For details see xref:chapter-storage[chapter storage].
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Minimum requirements, for evaluation
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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* CPU: 64bit (Intel EMT64 or AMD64)
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* RAM: 1 GB RAM
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* Hard drive
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* One NIC
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Recommended system requirements
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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* CPU: 64bit (Intel EMT64 or AMD64), Multi core CPU recommended
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* RAM: 8 GB is good, more is better
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* Hardware RAID with batteries protected write cache (BBU) or flash
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based protection
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* Fast hard drives, best results with 15k rpm SAS, Raid10
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* At least two NIC´s, depending on the used storage technology you need more
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Getting Help
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------------
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There are basically two different support channels. {pve} itself if
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fully open source, so we always encourage our users to discuss and
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share their knowledge using the http://forum.proxmox.com/[Community
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Support Forum]. The forum is fully moderated by the Proxmox support
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team. Up to now, the forum has about 25.000 members, and more than
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120.000 messages. Needless to say that such a large forum is a great
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place to get information.
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The second channel is the commercial support provided by
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{proxmoxGmbh}. {pve} server subscriptions can be ordered online, see
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http://shop.maurer-it.com[{pve} Shop]. For all details see
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http://www.proxmox.com/proxmox-ve/pricing[{pve} Subscription Service
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Plans].
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Please contact the mailto:office@proxmox.com[Proxmox sales team] for
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commercial support requests or volume discounts.
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Package Repositories
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--------------------
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All Debian based systems use
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Packaging_Tool[APT] as package
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management tool. The list of repositories is defined in
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'/etc/apt/sources.list' and '.list' files found inside
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'/etc/apt/sources.d/'. Updates can be installed directly using
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'apt-get', or via the GUI.
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Apt 'sources.list' files lists one package repository per line, with
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the most preferred source listed first. Empty lines are ignored, and a
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'#' character anywhere on a line marks the remainder of that line as a
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comment. The information available from the configured sources is
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acquired by 'apt-get update'.
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.File '/etc/apt/sources.list'
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----
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deb http://ftp.debian.org/debian jessie main contrib
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# security updates
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deb http://security.debian.org jessie/updates main contrib
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----
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In addition, {pve} provides three different package repositories.
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{pve} Enterprise Repository
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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This is the default, stable and recommended repository, available for
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all {pve} subscription users. It contains the most stable packages,
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and is suitable for production use. You need a valid subscription key
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to access this repository. The `pve-enterprise` repository is enabled
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by default:
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.File '/etc/apt/sources.list.d/pve-enterprise.list'
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----
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deb https://enterprise.proxmox.com/debian jessie pve-enterprise
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----
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NOTE: You can disable this repository by commenting out the above line
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using a '#' (at the start of the line). This prevents error messages
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if you do not have a subscription key. Please configure the
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`pve-no-subscription` repository in that case.
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As soon as updates are available, the `root@pam` user is notified via
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email about the available new packages. On the GUI, the change-log of
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each package can be viewed (if available), showing all details of the
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update. So you will never miss important security fixes.
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{pve} No-Subscription Repository
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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As the name suggests, you do not need a subscription key to access
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this repository. It can be used for testing and non-production
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use. Its not recommended to run on production servers, as these
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packages are not always heavily tested and validated.
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We recommend to configure this repository in '/etc/apt/sources.list'.
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.File '/etc/apt/sources.list'
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----
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deb http://ftp.debian.org/debian jessie main contrib
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# PVE pve-no-subscription repository provided by proxmox.com,
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# NOT recommended for production use
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deb http://download.proxmox.com/debian jessie pve-no-subscription
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# security updates
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deb http://security.debian.org jessie/updates main contrib
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----
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{pve} Test Repository
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Finally, there is a repository called `pvetest`. This one contains the
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latest packages and is heavily used by developers to test new
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features. As usual, you can configure this using
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'/etc/apt/sources.list' by adding the following line:
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.sources.list entry for `pvetest`
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----
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deb http://download.proxmox.com/debian jessie pvetest
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----
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Installing {pve}
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----------------
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{pve} ships as a set of Debian packages, so you can simply install it
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on top of a normal Debian installation. After configuring the
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repositories, you need to run:
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[source,bash]
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----
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apt-get update
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apt-get install proxmox-ve
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----
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While this looks easy, it presumes that you have correctly installed
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the base system, and you know how you want to configure and use the
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local storage. Network configuration is also completely up to you.
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In general, this is not trivial, especially when you use LVM or
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ZFS. This is why we provide an installation CDROM for {pve}. That
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installer just ask you a few questions, then partitions the local
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disk(s), installs all required packages, and configures the system
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including a basic network setup. You can get a fully functional system
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within a few minutes, including the following:
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* Complete operating system (Debian Linux, 64-bit)
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* Partition the hard drive with ext4 (alternative ext3 or xfs) or ZFS
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* {pve} Kernel with LXC and KVM support
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* Complete toolset
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* Web based management interface
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NOTE: By default, the complete server is used and all existing data is
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removed.
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Further configuration is done via the Proxmox web interface. Just
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point your browser to the IP address given during installation
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(https://youripaddress:8006). Proxmox VE is tested for IE9, Firefox 10
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and higher, Google Chrome (latest).
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Network Configuration
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---------------------
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Basic network setup.
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image::images/cluster-nwdiag.svg[{pve} Cluster Network]
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image::images/node-nwdiag.svg[{pve} Default Network Setup]
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Local Storage
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-------------
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Logical Volume Manager (LVM)
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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TODO: info abou LVM.
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ZFS on Linux
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~~~~~~~~~~~~
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TODO: info abou ZFS.
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Working with 'systemd'
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----------------------
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Journal and syslog
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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TODO: explain persistent journal...
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