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qm.adoc: rework clone/template sections
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qm.adoc
@ -522,12 +522,20 @@ Full Clone::
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The result of such copy is an independent VM. The
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new VM does not share any storage resources with the original.
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+
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It is possible to select a *Target Storage*, so one can use this to
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migrate a VM to a totally different storage. You can also change the
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disk image *Format* if the storage driver supports several formats.
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+
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NOTE: A full clone need to read and copy all VM image data. This is
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usually much slower than creating a linked clone.
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+
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Some storage types allows to copy a specific *Snapshot*, which
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defaults to the 'current' VM data. This also means that the final copy
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never includes any additional snapshots from the original VM.
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Linked Clone::
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@ -536,33 +544,47 @@ clones. Such a clone is a writable copy whose initial contents are the
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same as the original data. Creating a linked clone is nearly
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instantaneous, and initially consumes no additional space.
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+
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They are called 'linked' because the new image still refers to the
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original. Unmodified data blocks are read from the original image, but
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modification are written (and afterwards read) from a new
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location. This technique is called 'Copy-on-write'.
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This implies that the original is either a read-only 'snapshot', or a
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read-only 'Template' VM. It is not possible to change the *Target
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storage* for linked clones, because this is a storage internal
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feature.
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This requires that the original volume is read-only. With {pve} one
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can convert any VM into a read-only <<qm_templates, Template>>). Such
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templates can later be used to create linked clones efficiently.
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NOTE: You cannot delete the original template or snapshot while
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linked clones exists.
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NOTE: You cannot delete the original template while linked clones
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exists.
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It is not possible to change the *Target storage* for linked clones,
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because this is a storage internal feature.
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The *Target node* option allows you to create the new VM on a
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different node. The only restriction is that the VM is on shared
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storage, and that storage is also available on the target node.
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It is possible to clone a specific *Snapshot*, which defaults to the
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'current' VM data. This also means that the final copy does not
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include any additional snapshots from the original VM.
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To avoid resource conflicts, all network interface MAC addresses gets
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randomized, and we generate a new 'UUID' for the VM BIOS (smbios1)
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setting.
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[[qm_templates]]
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Virtual Machine Templates
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-------------------------
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One can convert a VM into a Template. Such templates are read-only,
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and you can use them to create linked clones.
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NOTE: It is not possible to start templates, because this would modify
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the disk images. If you want to change the template, create a linked
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clone and modify that.
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Managing Virtual Machines with `qm`
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------------------------------------
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