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pvecm: language and format fixup
- Fix wording, spelling, grammar - Fix capitalisation in some titles - Replace usage of e.g. and i.e. Signed-off-by: Dylan Whyte <d.whyte@proxmox.com>
This commit is contained in:
Dylan Whyte
committed by
Thomas Lamprecht
Thomas Lamprecht
parent
42807caec0
commit
a37d539fe4
420
pvecm.adoc
420
pvecm.adoc
@@ -33,19 +33,19 @@ network performance. Currently (2021), there are reports of clusters (using
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high-end enterprise hardware) with over 50 nodes in production.
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`pvecm` can be used to create a new cluster, join nodes to a cluster,
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leave the cluster, get status information and do various other cluster-related
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leave the cluster, get status information, and do various other cluster-related
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tasks. The **P**rox**m**o**x** **C**luster **F**ile **S**ystem (``pmxcfs'')
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is used to transparently distribute the cluster configuration to all cluster
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nodes.
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Grouping nodes into a cluster has the following advantages:
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* Centralized, web based management
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* Centralized, web-based management
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* Multi-master clusters: each node can do all management tasks
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* `pmxcfs`: database-driven file system for storing configuration files,
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replicated in real-time on all nodes using `corosync`.
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* Use of `pmxcfs`, a database-driven file system, for storing configuration
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files, replicated in real-time on all nodes using `corosync`
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* Easy migration of virtual machines and containers between physical
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hosts
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@@ -61,9 +61,9 @@ Requirements
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* All nodes must be able to connect to each other via UDP ports 5404 and 5405
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for corosync to work.
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* Date and time have to be synchronized.
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* Date and time must be synchronized.
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* SSH tunnel on TCP port 22 between nodes is used.
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* An SSH tunnel on TCP port 22 between nodes is required.
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* If you are interested in High Availability, you need to have at
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least three nodes for reliable quorum. All nodes should have the
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@@ -72,14 +72,14 @@ Requirements
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* We recommend a dedicated NIC for the cluster traffic, especially if
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you use shared storage.
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* Root password of a cluster node is required for adding nodes.
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* The root password of a cluster node is required for adding nodes.
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NOTE: It is not possible to mix {pve} 3.x and earlier with {pve} 4.X cluster
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nodes.
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NOTE: While it's possible to mix {pve} 4.4 and {pve} 5.0 nodes, doing so is
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not supported as production configuration and should only used temporarily
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during upgrading the whole cluster from one to another major version.
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not supported as a production configuration and should only be done temporarily,
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during an upgrade of the whole cluster from one major version to another.
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NOTE: Running a cluster of {pve} 6.x with earlier versions is not possible. The
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cluster protocol (corosync) between {pve} 6.x and earlier versions changed
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@@ -97,9 +97,9 @@ hostname and IP is not possible after cluster creation.
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While it's common to reference all node names and their IPs in `/etc/hosts` (or
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make their names resolvable through other means), this is not necessary for a
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cluster to work. It may be useful however, as you can then connect from one node
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to the other with SSH via the easier to remember node name (see also
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to another via SSH, using the easier to remember node name (see also
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xref:pvecm_corosync_addresses[Link Address Types]). Note that we always
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recommend to reference nodes by their IP addresses in the cluster configuration.
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recommend referencing nodes by their IP addresses in the cluster configuration.
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[[pvecm_create_cluster]]
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@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ Create a Cluster
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----------------
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You can either create a cluster on the console (login via `ssh`), or through
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the API using the {pve} Webinterface (__Datacenter -> Cluster__).
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the API using the {pve} web interface (__Datacenter -> Cluster__).
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NOTE: Use a unique name for your cluster. This name cannot be changed later.
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The cluster name follows the same rules as node names.
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@@ -119,23 +119,23 @@ Create via Web GUI
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[thumbnail="screenshot/gui-cluster-create.png"]
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Under __Datacenter -> Cluster__, click on *Create Cluster*. Enter the cluster
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name and select a network connection from the dropdown to serve as the main
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cluster network (Link 0). It defaults to the IP resolved via the node's
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name and select a network connection from the drop-down list to serve as the
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main cluster network (Link 0). It defaults to the IP resolved via the node's
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hostname.
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To add a second link as fallback, you can select the 'Advanced' checkbox and
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choose an additional network interface (Link 1, see also
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xref:pvecm_redundancy[Corosync Redundancy]).
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NOTE: Ensure the network selected for the cluster communication is not used for
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any high traffic loads like those of (network) storages or live-migration.
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NOTE: Ensure that the network selected for cluster communication is not used for
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any high traffic purposes, like network storage or live-migration.
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While the cluster network itself produces small amounts of data, it is very
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sensitive to latency. Check out full
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xref:pvecm_cluster_network_requirements[cluster network requirements].
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[[pvecm_cluster_create_via_cli]]
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Create via Command Line
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Create via the Command Line
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Login via `ssh` to the first {pve} node and run the following command:
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@@ -149,13 +149,13 @@ To check the state of the new cluster use:
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hp1# pvecm status
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----
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Multiple Clusters In Same Network
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Multiple Clusters in the Same Network
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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It is possible to create multiple clusters in the same physical or logical
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network. Each such cluster must have a unique name to avoid possible clashes in
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the cluster communication stack. This also helps avoid human confusion by making
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clusters clearly distinguishable.
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network. In this case, each cluster must have a unique name to avoid possible
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clashes in the cluster communication stack. Furthermore, this helps avoid human
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confusion by making clusters clearly distinguishable.
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While the bandwidth requirement of a corosync cluster is relatively low, the
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latency of packages and the package per second (PPS) rate is the limiting
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@@ -169,9 +169,9 @@ Adding Nodes to the Cluster
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CAUTION: A node that is about to be added to the cluster cannot hold any guests.
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All existing configuration in `/etc/pve` is overwritten when joining a cluster,
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since guest IDs could be conflicting. As a workaround create a backup of the
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guest (`vzdump`) and restore it as a different ID after the node has been added
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to the cluster.
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since guest IDs could otherwise conflict. As a workaround, you can create a
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backup of the guest (`vzdump`) and restore it under a different ID, after the
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node has been added to the cluster.
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Join Node to Cluster via GUI
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ Join Node to Cluster via GUI
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[thumbnail="screenshot/gui-cluster-join-information.png"]
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Log in to the web interface on an existing cluster node. Under __Datacenter ->
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Cluster__, click the button *Join Information* at the top. Then, click on the
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Cluster__, click the *Join Information* button at the top. Then, click on the
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button *Copy Information*. Alternatively, copy the string from the 'Information'
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field manually.
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@@ -196,24 +196,24 @@ NOTE: To enter all required data manually, you can disable the 'Assisted Join'
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checkbox.
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After clicking the *Join* button, the cluster join process will start
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immediately. After the node joined the cluster its current node certificate
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will be replaced by one signed from the cluster certificate authority (CA),
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that means the current session will stop to work after a few seconds. You might
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then need to force-reload the webinterface and re-login with the cluster
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credentials.
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immediately. After the node has joined the cluster, its current node certificate
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will be replaced by one signed from the cluster certificate authority (CA).
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This means that the current session will stop working after a few seconds. You
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then might need to force-reload the web interface and log in again with the
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cluster credentials.
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Now your node should be visible under __Datacenter -> Cluster__.
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Join Node to Cluster via Command Line
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Login via `ssh` to the node you want to join into an existing cluster.
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Log in to the node you want to join into an existing cluster via `ssh`.
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----
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hp2# pvecm add IP-ADDRESS-CLUSTER
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----
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For `IP-ADDRESS-CLUSTER` use the IP or hostname of an existing cluster node.
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For `IP-ADDRESS-CLUSTER`, use the IP or hostname of an existing cluster node.
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An IP address is recommended (see xref:pvecm_corosync_addresses[Link Address Types]).
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@@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ Membership information
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0x00000004 1 192.168.15.94
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----
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If you only want the list of all nodes use:
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If you only want a list of all nodes, use:
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----
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# pvecm nodes
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@@ -272,10 +272,10 @@ Membership information
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----
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[[pvecm_adding_nodes_with_separated_cluster_network]]
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Adding Nodes With Separated Cluster Network
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Adding Nodes with Separated Cluster Network
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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When adding a node to a cluster with a separated cluster network you need to
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When adding a node to a cluster with a separated cluster network, you need to
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use the 'link0' parameter to set the nodes address on that network:
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[source,bash]
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@@ -284,20 +284,20 @@ pvecm add IP-ADDRESS-CLUSTER -link0 LOCAL-IP-ADDRESS-LINK0
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----
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If you want to use the built-in xref:pvecm_redundancy[redundancy] of the
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kronosnet transport layer, also use the 'link1' parameter.
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Kronosnet transport layer, also use the 'link1' parameter.
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Using the GUI, you can select the correct interface from the corresponding 'Link 0'
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and 'Link 1' fields in the *Cluster Join* dialog.
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Using the GUI, you can select the correct interface from the corresponding
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'Link X' fields in the *Cluster Join* dialog.
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Remove a Cluster Node
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---------------------
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CAUTION: Read carefully the procedure before proceeding, as it could
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CAUTION: Read the procedure carefully before proceeding, as it may
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not be what you want or need.
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Move all virtual machines from the node. Make sure you have no local
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data or backups you want to keep, or save them accordingly.
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In the following example we will remove the node hp4 from the cluster.
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Move all virtual machines from the node. Make sure you have made copies of any
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local data or backups that you want to keep. In the following example, we will
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remove the node hp4 from the cluster.
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Log in to a *different* cluster node (not hp4), and issue a `pvecm nodes`
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command to identify the node ID to remove:
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@@ -315,15 +315,14 @@ Membership information
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----
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At this point you must power off hp4 and
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make sure that it will not power on again (in the network) as it
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is.
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At this point, you must power off hp4 and ensure that it will not power on
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again (in the network) with its current configuration.
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IMPORTANT: As said above, it is critical to power off the node
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*before* removal, and make sure that it will *never* power on again
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(in the existing cluster network) as it is.
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If you power on the node as it is, your cluster will be screwed up and
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it could be difficult to restore a clean cluster state.
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IMPORTANT: As mentioned above, it is critical to power off the node
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*before* removal, and make sure that it will *not* power on again
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(in the existing cluster network) with its current configuration.
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If you power on the node as it is, the cluster could end up broken,
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and it could be difficult to restore it to a functioning state.
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After powering off the node hp4, we can safely remove it from the cluster.
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@@ -364,9 +363,9 @@ Membership information
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----
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If, for whatever reason, you want this server to join the same cluster again,
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you have to
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you have to:
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* reinstall {pve} on it from scratch
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* do a fresh install of {pve} on it,
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* then join it, as explained in the previous section.
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@@ -376,30 +375,30 @@ a node with the same IP or hostname, run `pvecm updatecerts` once on the
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re-added node to update its fingerprint cluster wide.
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[[pvecm_separate_node_without_reinstall]]
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Separate A Node Without Reinstalling
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Separate a Node Without Reinstalling
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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CAUTION: This is *not* the recommended method, proceed with caution. Use the
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above mentioned method if you're unsure.
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previous method if you're unsure.
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You can also separate a node from a cluster without reinstalling it from
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scratch. But after removing the node from the cluster it will still have
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access to the shared storages! This must be resolved before you start removing
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scratch. But after removing the node from the cluster, it will still have
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access to any shared storage. This must be resolved before you start removing
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the node from the cluster. A {pve} cluster cannot share the exact same
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storage with another cluster, as storage locking doesn't work over the cluster
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boundary. Further, it may also lead to VMID conflicts.
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boundary. Furthermore, it may also lead to VMID conflicts.
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Its suggested that you create a new storage where only the node which you want
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It's suggested that you create a new storage, where only the node which you want
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to separate has access. This can be a new export on your NFS or a new Ceph
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pool, to name a few examples. Its just important that the exact same storage
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does not gets accessed by multiple clusters. After setting this storage up move
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all data from the node and its VMs to it. Then you are ready to separate the
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pool, to name a few examples. It's just important that the exact same storage
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does not get accessed by multiple clusters. After setting up this storage, move
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all data and VMs from the node to it. Then you are ready to separate the
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node from the cluster.
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WARNING: Ensure all shared resources are cleanly separated! Otherwise you will
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run into conflicts and problems.
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WARNING: Ensure that all shared resources are cleanly separated! Otherwise you
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will run into conflicts and problems.
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First, stop the corosync and the pve-cluster services on the node:
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First, stop the corosync and pve-cluster services on the node:
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[source,bash]
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----
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systemctl stop pve-cluster
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@@ -419,22 +418,22 @@ rm /etc/pve/corosync.conf
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rm -r /etc/corosync/*
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----
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You can now start the filesystem again as normal service:
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You can now start the file system again as a normal service:
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[source,bash]
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----
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killall pmxcfs
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systemctl start pve-cluster
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----
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The node is now separated from the cluster. You can deleted it from a remaining
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node of the cluster with:
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The node is now separated from the cluster. You can deleted it from any
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remaining node of the cluster with:
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[source,bash]
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----
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pvecm delnode oldnode
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----
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If the command failed, because the remaining node in the cluster lost quorum
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when the now separate node exited, you may set the expected votes to 1 as a workaround:
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If the command fails due to a loss of quorum in the remaining node, you can set
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the expected votes to 1 as a workaround:
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[source,bash]
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----
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pvecm expected 1
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@@ -442,9 +441,9 @@ pvecm expected 1
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And then repeat the 'pvecm delnode' command.
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Now switch back to the separated node, here delete all remaining files left
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from the old cluster. This ensures that the node can be added to another
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cluster again without problems.
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Now switch back to the separated node and delete all the remaining cluster
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files on it. This ensures that the node can be added to another cluster again
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without problems.
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[source,bash]
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----
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@@ -452,13 +451,13 @@ rm /var/lib/corosync/*
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----
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As the configuration files from the other nodes are still in the cluster
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filesystem you may want to clean those up too. Remove simply the whole
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directory recursive from '/etc/pve/nodes/NODENAME', but check three times that
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you used the correct one before deleting it.
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file system, you may want to clean those up too. After making absolutely sure
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that you have the correct node name, you can simply remove the entire
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directory recursively from '/etc/pve/nodes/NODENAME'.
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CAUTION: The nodes SSH keys are still in the 'authorized_key' file, this means
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the nodes can still connect to each other with public key authentication. This
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should be fixed by removing the respective keys from the
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CAUTION: The node's SSH keys will remain in the 'authorized_key' file. This
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means that the nodes can still connect to each other with public key
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authentication. You should fix this by removing the respective keys from the
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'/etc/pve/priv/authorized_keys' file.
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@@ -487,21 +486,21 @@ Cluster Network
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The cluster network is the core of a cluster. All messages sent over it have to
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be delivered reliably to all nodes in their respective order. In {pve} this
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part is done by corosync, an implementation of a high performance, low overhead
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high availability development toolkit. It serves our decentralized
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configuration file system (`pmxcfs`).
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part is done by corosync, an implementation of a high performance, low overhead,
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high availability development toolkit. It serves our decentralized configuration
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file system (`pmxcfs`).
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[[pvecm_cluster_network_requirements]]
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Network Requirements
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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This needs a reliable network with latencies under 2 milliseconds (LAN
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performance) to work properly. The network should not be used heavily by other
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members, ideally corosync runs on its own network. Do not use a shared network
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members; ideally corosync runs on its own network. Do not use a shared network
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for corosync and storage (except as a potential low-priority fallback in a
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xref:pvecm_redundancy[redundant] configuration).
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Before setting up a cluster, it is good practice to check if the network is fit
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for that purpose. To make sure the nodes can connect to each other on the
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for that purpose. To ensure that the nodes can connect to each other on the
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cluster network, you can test the connectivity between them with the `ping`
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tool.
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@@ -520,13 +519,13 @@ This is therefore not recommended.
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Separate Cluster Network
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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When creating a cluster without any parameters the corosync cluster network is
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generally shared with the Web UI and the VMs and their traffic. Depending on
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your setup, even storage traffic may get sent over the same network. Its
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recommended to change that, as corosync is a time critical real time
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When creating a cluster without any parameters, the corosync cluster network is
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generally shared with the web interface and the VMs' network. Depending on
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your setup, even storage traffic may get sent over the same network. It's
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recommended to change that, as corosync is a time-critical, real-time
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application.
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Setting Up A New Network
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Setting Up a New Network
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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First, you have to set up a new network interface. It should be on a physically
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@@ -537,7 +536,7 @@ Separate On Cluster Creation
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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This is possible via the 'linkX' parameters of the 'pvecm create'
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command used for creating a new cluster.
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command, used for creating a new cluster.
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If you have set up an additional NIC with a static address on 10.10.10.1/25,
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and want to send and receive all cluster communication over this interface,
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@@ -548,7 +547,7 @@ you would execute:
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pvecm create test --link0 10.10.10.1
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----
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To check if everything is working properly execute:
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To check if everything is working properly, execute:
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[source,bash]
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----
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||||
systemctl status corosync
|
||||
@@ -563,7 +562,7 @@ Separate After Cluster Creation
|
||||
|
||||
You can do this if you have already created a cluster and want to switch
|
||||
its communication to another network, without rebuilding the whole cluster.
|
||||
This change may lead to short durations of quorum loss in the cluster, as nodes
|
||||
This change may lead to short periods of quorum loss in the cluster, as nodes
|
||||
have to restart corosync and come up one after the other on the new network.
|
||||
|
||||
Check how to xref:pvecm_edit_corosync_conf[edit the corosync.conf file] first.
|
||||
@@ -617,24 +616,24 @@ totem {
|
||||
}
|
||||
----
|
||||
|
||||
NOTE: `ringX_addr` actually specifies a corosync *link address*, the name "ring"
|
||||
NOTE: `ringX_addr` actually specifies a corosync *link address*. The name "ring"
|
||||
is a remnant of older corosync versions that is kept for backwards
|
||||
compatibility.
|
||||
|
||||
The first thing you want to do is add the 'name' properties in the node entries
|
||||
The first thing you want to do is add the 'name' properties in the node entries,
|
||||
if you do not see them already. Those *must* match the node name.
|
||||
|
||||
Then replace all addresses from the 'ring0_addr' properties of all nodes with
|
||||
the new addresses. You may use plain IP addresses or hostnames here. If you use
|
||||
hostnames ensure that they are resolvable from all nodes. (see also
|
||||
xref:pvecm_corosync_addresses[Link Address Types])
|
||||
hostnames, ensure that they are resolvable from all nodes (see also
|
||||
xref:pvecm_corosync_addresses[Link Address Types]).
|
||||
|
||||
In this example, we want to switch the cluster communication to the
|
||||
10.10.10.1/25 network. So we replace all 'ring0_addr' respectively.
|
||||
In this example, we want to switch cluster communication to the
|
||||
10.10.10.1/25 network, so we change the 'ring0_addr' of each node respectively.
|
||||
|
||||
NOTE: The exact same procedure can be used to change other 'ringX_addr' values
|
||||
as well, although we recommend to not change multiple addresses at once, to make
|
||||
it easier to recover if something goes wrong.
|
||||
as well. However, we recommend only changing one link address at a time, so
|
||||
that it's easier to recover if something goes wrong.
|
||||
|
||||
After we increase the 'config_version' property, the new configuration file
|
||||
should look like:
|
||||
@@ -687,9 +686,10 @@ totem {
|
||||
}
|
||||
----
|
||||
|
||||
Then, after a final check if all changed information is correct, we save it and
|
||||
once again follow the xref:pvecm_edit_corosync_conf[edit corosync.conf file]
|
||||
section to bring it into effect.
|
||||
Then, after a final check to see that all changed information is correct, we
|
||||
save it and once again follow the
|
||||
xref:pvecm_edit_corosync_conf[edit corosync.conf file] section to bring it into
|
||||
effect.
|
||||
|
||||
The changes will be applied live, so restarting corosync is not strictly
|
||||
necessary. If you changed other settings as well, or notice corosync
|
||||
@@ -702,32 +702,32 @@ On a single node execute:
|
||||
systemctl restart corosync
|
||||
----
|
||||
|
||||
Now check if everything is fine:
|
||||
Now check if everything is okay:
|
||||
|
||||
[source,bash]
|
||||
----
|
||||
systemctl status corosync
|
||||
----
|
||||
|
||||
If corosync runs again correct restart corosync also on all other nodes.
|
||||
If corosync begins to work again, restart it on all other nodes too.
|
||||
They will then join the cluster membership one by one on the new network.
|
||||
|
||||
[[pvecm_corosync_addresses]]
|
||||
Corosync addresses
|
||||
Corosync Addresses
|
||||
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
||||
|
||||
A corosync link address (for backwards compatibility denoted by 'ringX_addr' in
|
||||
`corosync.conf`) can be specified in two ways:
|
||||
|
||||
* **IPv4/v6 addresses** will be used directly. They are recommended, since they
|
||||
* **IPv4/v6 addresses** can be used directly. They are recommended, since they
|
||||
are static and usually not changed carelessly.
|
||||
|
||||
* **Hostnames** will be resolved using `getaddrinfo`, which means that per
|
||||
* **Hostnames** will be resolved using `getaddrinfo`, which means that by
|
||||
default, IPv6 addresses will be used first, if available (see also
|
||||
`man gai.conf`). Keep this in mind, especially when upgrading an existing
|
||||
cluster to IPv6.
|
||||
|
||||
CAUTION: Hostnames should be used with care, since the address they
|
||||
CAUTION: Hostnames should be used with care, since the addresses they
|
||||
resolve to can be changed without touching corosync or the node it runs on -
|
||||
which may lead to a situation where an address is changed without thinking
|
||||
about implications for corosync.
|
||||
@@ -737,7 +737,7 @@ hostnames are preferred. Also, make sure that every node in the cluster can
|
||||
resolve all hostnames correctly.
|
||||
|
||||
Since {pve} 5.1, while supported, hostnames will be resolved at the time of
|
||||
entry. Only the resolved IP is then saved to the configuration.
|
||||
entry. Only the resolved IP is saved to the configuration.
|
||||
|
||||
Nodes that joined the cluster on earlier versions likely still use their
|
||||
unresolved hostname in `corosync.conf`. It might be a good idea to replace
|
||||
@@ -748,7 +748,7 @@ them with IPs or a separate hostname, as mentioned above.
|
||||
Corosync Redundancy
|
||||
-------------------
|
||||
|
||||
Corosync supports redundant networking via its integrated kronosnet layer by
|
||||
Corosync supports redundant networking via its integrated Kronosnet layer by
|
||||
default (it is not supported on the legacy udp/udpu transports). It can be
|
||||
enabled by specifying more than one link address, either via the '--linkX'
|
||||
parameters of `pvecm`, in the GUI as **Link 1** (while creating a cluster or
|
||||
@@ -774,13 +774,13 @@ links will be used in order of their number, with the lower number having higher
|
||||
priority.
|
||||
|
||||
Even if all links are working, only the one with the highest priority will see
|
||||
corosync traffic. Link priorities cannot be mixed, i.e. links with different
|
||||
priorities will not be able to communicate with each other.
|
||||
corosync traffic. Link priorities cannot be mixed, meaning that links with
|
||||
different priorities will not be able to communicate with each other.
|
||||
|
||||
Since lower priority links will not see traffic unless all higher priorities
|
||||
have failed, it becomes a useful strategy to specify even networks used for
|
||||
other tasks (VMs, storage, etc...) as low-priority links. If worst comes to
|
||||
worst, a higher-latency or more congested connection might be better than no
|
||||
have failed, it becomes a useful strategy to specify networks used for
|
||||
other tasks (VMs, storage, etc.) as low-priority links. If worst comes to
|
||||
worst, a higher latency or more congested connection might be better than no
|
||||
connection at all.
|
||||
|
||||
Adding Redundant Links To An Existing Cluster
|
||||
@@ -794,7 +794,7 @@ sure that your 'X' is the same for every node you add it to, and that it is
|
||||
unique for each node.
|
||||
|
||||
Lastly, add a new 'interface', as shown below, to your `totem`
|
||||
section, replacing 'X' with your link number chosen above.
|
||||
section, replacing 'X' with the link number chosen above.
|
||||
|
||||
Assuming you added a link with number 1, the new configuration file could look
|
||||
like this:
|
||||
@@ -884,7 +884,7 @@ B via a non-interactive SSH tunnel.
|
||||
|
||||
* VM and CT memory and local-storage migration in 'secure' mode.
|
||||
+
|
||||
During the migration one or more SSH tunnel(s) are established between the
|
||||
During the migration, one or more SSH tunnel(s) are established between the
|
||||
source and target nodes, in order to exchange migration information and
|
||||
transfer memory and disk contents.
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -896,8 +896,8 @@ transfer memory and disk contents.
|
||||
In case you have a custom `.bashrc`, or similar files that get executed on
|
||||
login by the configured shell, `ssh` will automatically run it once the session
|
||||
is established successfully. This can cause some unexpected behavior, as those
|
||||
commands may be executed with root permissions on any above described
|
||||
operation. That can cause possible problematic side-effects!
|
||||
commands may be executed with root permissions on any of the operations
|
||||
described above. This can cause possible problematic side-effects!
|
||||
|
||||
In order to avoid such complications, it's recommended to add a check in
|
||||
`/root/.bashrc` to make sure the session is interactive, and only then run
|
||||
@@ -922,42 +922,42 @@ This section describes a way to deploy an external voter in a {pve} cluster.
|
||||
When configured, the cluster can sustain more node failures without
|
||||
violating safety properties of the cluster communication.
|
||||
|
||||
For this to work there are two services involved:
|
||||
For this to work, there are two services involved:
|
||||
|
||||
* a so called qdevice daemon which runs on each {pve} node
|
||||
* A QDevice daemon which runs on each {pve} node
|
||||
|
||||
* an external vote daemon which runs on an independent server.
|
||||
* An external vote daemon which runs on an independent server
|
||||
|
||||
As a result you can achieve higher availability even in smaller setups (for
|
||||
As a result, you can achieve higher availability, even in smaller setups (for
|
||||
example 2+1 nodes).
|
||||
|
||||
QDevice Technical Overview
|
||||
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
||||
|
||||
The Corosync Quorum Device (QDevice) is a daemon which runs on each cluster
|
||||
node. It provides a configured number of votes to the clusters quorum
|
||||
subsystem based on an external running third-party arbitrator's decision.
|
||||
node. It provides a configured number of votes to the cluster's quorum
|
||||
subsystem, based on an externally running third-party arbitrator's decision.
|
||||
Its primary use is to allow a cluster to sustain more node failures than
|
||||
standard quorum rules allow. This can be done safely as the external device
|
||||
can see all nodes and thus choose only one set of nodes to give its vote.
|
||||
This will only be done if said set of nodes can have quorum (again) when
|
||||
This will only be done if said set of nodes can have quorum (again) after
|
||||
receiving the third-party vote.
|
||||
|
||||
Currently only 'QDevice Net' is supported as a third-party arbitrator. It is
|
||||
a daemon which provides a vote to a cluster partition if it can reach the
|
||||
partition members over the network. It will give only votes to one partition
|
||||
Currently, only 'QDevice Net' is supported as a third-party arbitrator. This is
|
||||
a daemon which provides a vote to a cluster partition, if it can reach the
|
||||
partition members over the network. It will only give votes to one partition
|
||||
of a cluster at any time.
|
||||
It's designed to support multiple clusters and is almost configuration and
|
||||
state free. New clusters are handled dynamically and no configuration file
|
||||
is needed on the host running a QDevice.
|
||||
|
||||
The external host has the only requirement that it needs network access to the
|
||||
cluster and a corosync-qnetd package available. We provide such a package
|
||||
for Debian based hosts, other Linux distributions should also have a package
|
||||
The only requirements for the external host are that it needs network access to
|
||||
the cluster and to have a corosync-qnetd package available. We provide a package
|
||||
for Debian based hosts, and other Linux distributions should also have a package
|
||||
available through their respective package manager.
|
||||
|
||||
NOTE: In contrast to corosync itself, a QDevice connects to the cluster over
|
||||
TCP/IP. The daemon may even run outside of the clusters LAN and can have longer
|
||||
TCP/IP. The daemon may even run outside of the cluster's LAN and can have longer
|
||||
latencies than 2 ms.
|
||||
|
||||
Supported Setups
|
||||
@@ -965,43 +965,41 @@ Supported Setups
|
||||
|
||||
We support QDevices for clusters with an even number of nodes and recommend
|
||||
it for 2 node clusters, if they should provide higher availability.
|
||||
For clusters with an odd node count we discourage the use of QDevices
|
||||
currently. The reason for this, is the difference of the votes the QDevice
|
||||
provides for each cluster type. Even numbered clusters get single additional
|
||||
vote, with this we can only increase availability, i.e. if the QDevice
|
||||
itself fails we are in the same situation as with no QDevice at all.
|
||||
For clusters with an odd node count, we currently discourage the use of
|
||||
QDevices. The reason for this is the difference in the votes which the QDevice
|
||||
provides for each cluster type. Even numbered clusters get a single additional
|
||||
vote, which only increases availability, because if the QDevice
|
||||
itself fails, you are in the same position as with no QDevice at all.
|
||||
|
||||
Now, with an odd numbered cluster size the QDevice provides '(N-1)' votes --
|
||||
where 'N' corresponds to the cluster node count. This difference makes
|
||||
sense, if we had only one additional vote the cluster can get into a split
|
||||
brain situation.
|
||||
This algorithm would allow that all nodes but one (and naturally the
|
||||
QDevice itself) could fail.
|
||||
There are two drawbacks with this:
|
||||
On the other hand, with an odd numbered cluster size, the QDevice provides
|
||||
'(N-1)' votes -- where 'N' corresponds to the cluster node count. This
|
||||
alternative behavior makes sense; if it had only one additional vote, the
|
||||
cluster could get into a split-brain situation. This algorithm allows for all
|
||||
nodes but one (and naturally the QDevice itself) to fail. However, there are two
|
||||
drawbacks to this:
|
||||
|
||||
* If the QNet daemon itself fails, no other node may fail or the cluster
|
||||
immediately loses quorum. For example, in a cluster with 15 nodes 7
|
||||
immediately loses quorum. For example, in a cluster with 15 nodes, 7
|
||||
could fail before the cluster becomes inquorate. But, if a QDevice is
|
||||
configured here and said QDevice fails itself **no single node** of
|
||||
the 15 may fail. The QDevice acts almost as a single point of failure in
|
||||
this case.
|
||||
configured here and it itself fails, **no single node** of the 15 may fail.
|
||||
The QDevice acts almost as a single point of failure in this case.
|
||||
|
||||
* The fact that all but one node plus QDevice may fail sound promising at
|
||||
first, but this may result in a mass recovery of HA services that would
|
||||
overload the single node left. Also ceph server will stop to provide
|
||||
services after only '((N-1)/2)' nodes are online.
|
||||
* The fact that all but one node plus QDevice may fail sounds promising at
|
||||
first, but this may result in a mass recovery of HA services, which could
|
||||
overload the single remaining node. Furthermore, a Ceph server will stop
|
||||
providing services if only '((N-1)/2)' nodes or less remain online.
|
||||
|
||||
If you understand the drawbacks and implications you can decide yourself if
|
||||
you should use this technology in an odd numbered cluster setup.
|
||||
If you understand the drawbacks and implications, you can decide yourself if
|
||||
you want to use this technology in an odd numbered cluster setup.
|
||||
|
||||
QDevice-Net Setup
|
||||
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
||||
|
||||
We recommend to run any daemon which provides votes to corosync-qdevice as an
|
||||
We recommend running any daemon which provides votes to corosync-qdevice as an
|
||||
unprivileged user. {pve} and Debian provide a package which is already
|
||||
configured to do so.
|
||||
The traffic between the daemon and the cluster must be encrypted to ensure a
|
||||
safe and secure QDevice integration in {pve}.
|
||||
safe and secure integration of the QDevice in {pve}.
|
||||
|
||||
First, install the 'corosync-qnetd' package on your external server
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -1015,9 +1013,9 @@ and the 'corosync-qdevice' package on all cluster nodes
|
||||
pve# apt install corosync-qdevice
|
||||
----
|
||||
|
||||
After that, ensure that all your nodes on the cluster are online.
|
||||
After doing this, ensure that all the nodes in the cluster are online.
|
||||
|
||||
You can now easily set up your QDevice by running the following command on one
|
||||
You can now set up your QDevice by running the following command on one
|
||||
of the {pve} nodes:
|
||||
|
||||
----
|
||||
@@ -1029,8 +1027,8 @@ The SSH key from the cluster will be automatically copied to the QDevice.
|
||||
NOTE: Make sure that the SSH configuration on your external server allows root
|
||||
login via password, if you are asked for a password during this step.
|
||||
|
||||
After you enter the password and all the steps are successfully completed, you
|
||||
will see "Done". You can check the status now:
|
||||
After you enter the password and all the steps have successfully completed, you
|
||||
will see "Done". You can verify that the QDevice has been set up with:
|
||||
|
||||
----
|
||||
pve# pvecm status
|
||||
@@ -1054,7 +1052,6 @@ Membership information
|
||||
|
||||
----
|
||||
|
||||
which means the QDevice is set up.
|
||||
|
||||
Frequently Asked Questions
|
||||
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
||||
@@ -1063,15 +1060,15 @@ Tie Breaking
|
||||
^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
||||
|
||||
In case of a tie, where two same-sized cluster partitions cannot see each other
|
||||
but the QDevice, the QDevice chooses randomly one of those partitions and
|
||||
provides a vote to it.
|
||||
but can see the QDevice, the QDevice chooses one of those partitions randomly
|
||||
and provides a vote to it.
|
||||
|
||||
Possible Negative Implications
|
||||
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
||||
|
||||
For clusters with an even node count there are no negative implications when
|
||||
setting up a QDevice. If it fails to work, you are as good as without QDevice at
|
||||
all.
|
||||
For clusters with an even node count, there are no negative implications when
|
||||
using a QDevice. If it fails to work, it is the same as not having a QDevice
|
||||
at all.
|
||||
|
||||
Adding/Deleting Nodes After QDevice Setup
|
||||
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
||||
@@ -1079,13 +1076,13 @@ Adding/Deleting Nodes After QDevice Setup
|
||||
If you want to add a new node or remove an existing one from a cluster with a
|
||||
QDevice setup, you need to remove the QDevice first. After that, you can add or
|
||||
remove nodes normally. Once you have a cluster with an even node count again,
|
||||
you can set up the QDevice again as described above.
|
||||
you can set up the QDevice again as described previously.
|
||||
|
||||
Removing the QDevice
|
||||
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
||||
|
||||
If you used the official `pvecm` tool to add the QDevice, you can remove it
|
||||
trivially by running:
|
||||
by running:
|
||||
|
||||
----
|
||||
pve# pvecm qdevice remove
|
||||
@@ -1107,7 +1104,7 @@ For further information about it, check the corosync.conf man page:
|
||||
man corosync.conf
|
||||
----
|
||||
|
||||
For node membership you should always use the `pvecm` tool provided by {pve}.
|
||||
For node membership, you should always use the `pvecm` tool provided by {pve}.
|
||||
You may have to edit the configuration file manually for other changes.
|
||||
Here are a few best practice tips for doing this.
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -1120,52 +1117,53 @@ two on each cluster node, one in `/etc/pve/corosync.conf` and the other in
|
||||
`/etc/corosync/corosync.conf`. Editing the one in our cluster file system will
|
||||
propagate the changes to the local one, but not vice versa.
|
||||
|
||||
The configuration will get updated automatically as soon as the file changes.
|
||||
This means changes which can be integrated in a running corosync will take
|
||||
effect immediately. So you should always make a copy and edit that instead, to
|
||||
avoid triggering some unwanted changes by an in-between safe.
|
||||
The configuration will get updated automatically, as soon as the file changes.
|
||||
This means that changes which can be integrated in a running corosync will take
|
||||
effect immediately. Thus, you should always make a copy and edit that instead,
|
||||
to avoid triggering unintended changes when saving the file while editing.
|
||||
|
||||
[source,bash]
|
||||
----
|
||||
cp /etc/pve/corosync.conf /etc/pve/corosync.conf.new
|
||||
----
|
||||
|
||||
Then open the config file with your favorite editor, `nano` and `vim.tiny` are
|
||||
preinstalled on any {pve} node for example.
|
||||
Then, open the config file with your favorite editor, such as `nano` or
|
||||
`vim.tiny`, which come pre-installed on every {pve} node.
|
||||
|
||||
NOTE: Always increment the 'config_version' number on configuration changes,
|
||||
NOTE: Always increment the 'config_version' number after configuration changes;
|
||||
omitting this can lead to problems.
|
||||
|
||||
After making the necessary changes create another copy of the current working
|
||||
After making the necessary changes, create another copy of the current working
|
||||
configuration file. This serves as a backup if the new configuration fails to
|
||||
apply or makes problems in other ways.
|
||||
apply or causes other issues.
|
||||
|
||||
[source,bash]
|
||||
----
|
||||
cp /etc/pve/corosync.conf /etc/pve/corosync.conf.bak
|
||||
----
|
||||
|
||||
Then move the new configuration file over the old one:
|
||||
Then replace the old configuration file with the new one:
|
||||
[source,bash]
|
||||
----
|
||||
mv /etc/pve/corosync.conf.new /etc/pve/corosync.conf
|
||||
----
|
||||
|
||||
You may check with the commands
|
||||
You can check if the changes could be applied automatically, using the following
|
||||
commands:
|
||||
[source,bash]
|
||||
----
|
||||
systemctl status corosync
|
||||
journalctl -b -u corosync
|
||||
----
|
||||
|
||||
If the change could be applied automatically. If not you may have to restart the
|
||||
If the changes could not be applied automatically, you may have to restart the
|
||||
corosync service via:
|
||||
[source,bash]
|
||||
----
|
||||
systemctl restart corosync
|
||||
----
|
||||
|
||||
On errors check the troubleshooting section below.
|
||||
On errors, check the troubleshooting section below.
|
||||
|
||||
Troubleshooting
|
||||
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
||||
@@ -1183,27 +1181,27 @@ corosync[1647]: [SERV ] Service engine 'corosync_quorum' failed to load for re
|
||||
[...]
|
||||
----
|
||||
|
||||
It means that the hostname you set for corosync 'ringX_addr' in the
|
||||
It means that the hostname you set for a corosync 'ringX_addr' in the
|
||||
configuration could not be resolved.
|
||||
|
||||
Write Configuration When Not Quorate
|
||||
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
||||
|
||||
If you need to change '/etc/pve/corosync.conf' on an node with no quorum, and you
|
||||
know what you do, use:
|
||||
If you need to change '/etc/pve/corosync.conf' on a node with no quorum, and you
|
||||
understand what you are doing, use:
|
||||
[source,bash]
|
||||
----
|
||||
pvecm expected 1
|
||||
----
|
||||
|
||||
This sets the expected vote count to 1 and makes the cluster quorate. You can
|
||||
now fix your configuration, or revert it back to the last working backup.
|
||||
then fix your configuration, or revert it back to the last working backup.
|
||||
|
||||
This is not enough if corosync cannot start anymore. Here it is best to edit the
|
||||
local copy of the corosync configuration in '/etc/corosync/corosync.conf' so
|
||||
that corosync can start again. Ensure that on all nodes this configuration has
|
||||
the same content to avoid split brains. If you are not sure what went wrong
|
||||
it's best to ask the Proxmox Community to help you.
|
||||
This is not enough if corosync cannot start anymore. In that case, it is best to
|
||||
edit the local copy of the corosync configuration in
|
||||
'/etc/corosync/corosync.conf', so that corosync can start again. Ensure that on
|
||||
all nodes, this configuration has the same content to avoid split-brain
|
||||
situations.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
[[pvecm_corosync_conf_glossary]]
|
||||
@@ -1211,7 +1209,7 @@ Corosync Configuration Glossary
|
||||
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
||||
|
||||
ringX_addr::
|
||||
This names the different link addresses for the kronosnet connections between
|
||||
This names the different link addresses for the Kronosnet connections between
|
||||
nodes.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -1230,7 +1228,7 @@ quorum. Once quorate, it starts all guests which have the `onboot`
|
||||
flag set.
|
||||
|
||||
When you turn on nodes, or when power comes back after power failure,
|
||||
it is likely that some nodes boots faster than others. Please keep in
|
||||
it is likely that some nodes will boot faster than others. Please keep in
|
||||
mind that guest startup is delayed until you reach quorum.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -1243,13 +1241,13 @@ migrations. This can be done via the configuration file
|
||||
`datacenter.cfg` or for a specific migration via API or command line
|
||||
parameters.
|
||||
|
||||
It makes a difference if a Guest is online or offline, or if it has
|
||||
It makes a difference if a guest is online or offline, or if it has
|
||||
local resources (like a local disk).
|
||||
|
||||
For Details about Virtual Machine Migration see the
|
||||
For details about virtual machine migration, see the
|
||||
xref:qm_migration[QEMU/KVM Migration Chapter].
|
||||
|
||||
For Details about Container Migration see the
|
||||
For details about container migration, see the
|
||||
xref:pct_migration[Container Migration Chapter].
|
||||
|
||||
Migration Type
|
||||
@@ -1258,9 +1256,9 @@ Migration Type
|
||||
The migration type defines if the migration data should be sent over an
|
||||
encrypted (`secure`) channel or an unencrypted (`insecure`) one.
|
||||
Setting the migration type to insecure means that the RAM content of a
|
||||
virtual guest gets also transferred unencrypted, which can lead to
|
||||
virtual guest is also transferred unencrypted, which can lead to
|
||||
information disclosure of critical data from inside the guest (for
|
||||
example passwords or encryption keys).
|
||||
example, passwords or encryption keys).
|
||||
|
||||
Therefore, we strongly recommend using the secure channel if you do
|
||||
not have full control over the network and can not guarantee that no
|
||||
@@ -1273,33 +1271,33 @@ Encryption requires a lot of computing power, so this setting is often
|
||||
changed to "unsafe" to achieve better performance. The impact on
|
||||
modern systems is lower because they implement AES encryption in
|
||||
hardware. The performance impact is particularly evident in fast
|
||||
networks where you can transfer 10 Gbps or more.
|
||||
networks, where you can transfer 10 Gbps or more.
|
||||
|
||||
Migration Network
|
||||
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
||||
|
||||
By default, {pve} uses the network in which cluster communication
|
||||
takes place to send the migration traffic. This is not optimal because
|
||||
takes place to send the migration traffic. This is not optimal both because
|
||||
sensitive cluster traffic can be disrupted and this network may not
|
||||
have the best bandwidth available on the node.
|
||||
|
||||
Setting the migration network parameter allows the use of a dedicated
|
||||
network for the entire migration traffic. In addition to the memory,
|
||||
network for all migration traffic. In addition to the memory,
|
||||
this also affects the storage traffic for offline migrations.
|
||||
|
||||
The migration network is set as a network in the CIDR notation. This
|
||||
has the advantage that you do not have to set individual IP addresses
|
||||
The migration network is set as a network using CIDR notation. This
|
||||
has the advantage that you don't have to set individual IP addresses
|
||||
for each node. {pve} can determine the real address on the
|
||||
destination node from the network specified in the CIDR form. To
|
||||
enable this, the network must be specified so that each node has one,
|
||||
but only one IP in the respective network.
|
||||
enable this, the network must be specified so that each node has exactly one
|
||||
IP in the respective network.
|
||||
|
||||
Example
|
||||
^^^^^^^
|
||||
|
||||
We assume that we have a three-node setup with three separate
|
||||
We assume that we have a three-node setup, with three separate
|
||||
networks. One for public communication with the Internet, one for
|
||||
cluster communication and a very fast one, which we want to use as a
|
||||
cluster communication, and a very fast one, which we want to use as a
|
||||
dedicated network for migration.
|
||||
|
||||
A network configuration for such a setup might look as follows:
|
||||
@@ -1348,7 +1346,7 @@ migration: secure,network=10.1.2.0/24
|
||||
----
|
||||
|
||||
NOTE: The migration type must always be set when the migration network
|
||||
gets set in `/etc/pve/datacenter.cfg`.
|
||||
is set in `/etc/pve/datacenter.cfg`.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
ifdef::manvolnum[]
|
||||
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user