[[chapter_notifications]] Notifications ============= ifndef::manvolnum[] :pve-toplevel: endif::manvolnum[] Overview -------- [thumbnail="screenshot/gui-datacenter-notification-overview.png"] * {pve} emits xref:notification_events[Notification Events] in case of storage replication failures, node fencing, finished/failed backups and other events. These events are handled by the notification system. A notification event has metadata, for example a timestamp, a severity level, a type, and other optional metadata fields. * xref:notification_matchers[Notification Matchers] route a notification event to one or more notification targets. A matcher can have match rules to selectively route based on the metadata of a notification event. * xref:notification_targets[Notification Targets] are a destination to which a notification event is routed to by a matcher. There are multiple types of target, mail-based (Sendmail and SMTP) and Gotify. Backup jobs have a configurable xref:notification_mode[Notification Mode]. It allows you to choose between the notification system and a legacy mode for sending notification emails. The legacy mode is equivalent to the way notifications were handled before {pve} 8.1. The notification system can be configured in the GUI under Datacenter → Notifications. The configuration is stored in `/etc/pve/notifications.cfg` and `/etc/pve/priv/notifications.cfg` - the latter contains sensitive configuration options such as passwords or authentication tokens for notification targets and can only be read by `root`. [[notification_targets]] Notification Targets -------------------- {pve} offers multiple types of notification targets. [[notification_targets_sendmail]] Sendmail ~~~~~~~~ [thumbnail="screenshot/gui-datacenter-notification-sendmail.png"] The sendmail binary is a program commonly found on Unix-like operating systems that handles the sending of email messages. It is a command-line utility that allows users and applications to send emails directly from the command line or from within scripts. The sendmail notification target uses the `sendmail` binary to send emails to a list of configured users or email addresses. If a user is selected as a recipient, the email address configured in user's settings will be used. For the `root@pam` user, this is the email address entered during installation. A user's email address can be configured in `Datacenter → Permissions → Users`. If a user has no associated email address, no email will be sent. NOTE: In standard {pve} installations, the `sendmail` binary is provided by Postfix. It may be necessary to configure Postfix so that it can deliver mails correctly - for example by setting an external mail relay (smart host). In case of failed delivery, check the system logs for messages logged by the Postfix daemon. The configuration for Sendmail target plugins has the following options: * `mailto`: E-Mail address to which the notification shall be sent to. Can be set multiple times to accommodate multiple recipients. * `mailto-user`: Users to which emails shall be sent to. The user's email address will be looked up in `users.cfg`. Can be set multiple times to accommodate multiple recipients. * `author`: Sets the author of the E-Mail. Defaults to `Proxmox VE`. * `from-address`: Sets the from address of the E-Mail. If the parameter is not set, the plugin will fall back to the `email_from` setting from `datacenter.cfg`. If that is also not set, the plugin will default to `root@$hostname`, where `$hostname` is the hostname of the node. * `comment`: Comment for this target The `From` header in the email will be set to `$author <$from-address>`. Example configuration (`/etc/pve/notifications.cfg`): ---- sendmail: example mailto-user root@pam mailto-user admin@pve mailto max@example.com from-address pve1@example.com comment Send to multiple users/addresses ---- [[notification_targets_smtp]] SMTP ~~~~ [thumbnail="screenshot/gui-datacenter-notification-smtp.png"] SMTP notification targets can send emails directly to an SMTP mail relay. This target does not use the system's MTA to deliver emails. Similar to sendmail targets, if a user is selected as a recipient, the user's configured email address will be used. NOTE: Unlike sendmail targets, SMTP targets do not have any queuing/retry mechanism in case of a failed mail delivery. The configuration for SMTP target plugins has the following options: * `mailto`: E-Mail address to which the notification shall be sent to. Can be set multiple times to accommodate multiple recipients. * `mailto-user`: Users to which emails shall be sent to. The user's email address will be looked up in `users.cfg`. Can be set multiple times to accommodate multiple recipients. * `author`: Sets the author of the E-Mail. Defaults to `Proxmox VE`. * `from-address`: Sets the From-address of the email. SMTP relays might require that this address is owned by the user in order to avoid spoofing. The `From` header in the email will be set to `$author <$from-address>`. * `username`: Username to use during authentication. If no username is set, no authentication will be performed. The PLAIN and LOGIN authentication methods are supported. * `password`: Password to use when authenticating. * `mode`: Sets the encryption mode (`insecure`, `starttls` or `tls`). Defaults to `tls`. * `server`: Address/IP of the SMTP relay * `port`: The port to connect to. If not set, the used port defaults to 25 (`insecure`), 465 (`tls`) or 587 (`starttls`), depending on the value of `mode`. * `comment`: Comment for this target Example configuration (`/etc/pve/notifications.cfg`): ---- smtp: example mailto-user root@pam mailto-user admin@pve mailto max@example.com from-address pve1@example.com username pve1 server mail.example.com mode starttls ---- The matching entry in `/etc/pve/priv/notifications.cfg`, containing the secret token: ---- smtp: example password somepassword ---- [[notification_targets_gotify]] Gotify ~~~~~~ [thumbnail="screenshot/gui-datacenter-notification-gotify.png"] http://gotify.net[Gotify] is an open-source self-hosted notification server that allows you to send and receive push notifications to various devices and applications. It provides a simple API and web interface, making it easy to integrate with different platforms and services. The configuration for Gotify target plugins has the following options: * `server`: The base URL of the Gotify server, e.g. `http://:8888` * `token`: The authentication token. Tokens can be generated within the Gotify web interface. * `comment`: Comment for this target NOTE: The Gotify target plugin will respect the HTTP proxy settings from the xref:datacenter_configuration_file[datacenter configuration] Example configuration (`/etc/pve/notifications.cfg`): ---- gotify: example server http://gotify.example.com:8888 comment Send to multiple users/addresses ---- The matching entry in `/etc/pve/priv/notifications.cfg`, containing the secret token: ---- gotify: example token somesecrettoken ---- [[notification_matchers]] Notification Matchers --------------------- [thumbnail="screenshot/gui-datacenter-notification-matcher.png"] Notification matchers route notifications to notification targets based on their matching rules. These rules can match certain properties of a notification, such as the timestamp (`match-calendar`), the severity of the notification (`match-severity`) or metadata fields (`match-field`). If a notification is matched by a matcher, all targets configured for the matcher will receive the notification. An arbitrary number of matchers can be created, each with with their own matching rules and targets to notify. Every target is notified at most once for every notification, even if the target is used in multiple matchers. A matcher without any matching rules is always true; the configured targets will always be notified. ---- matcher: always-matches target admin comment This matcher always matches ---- Matcher Options ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * `target`: Determine which target should be notified if the matcher matches. can be used multiple times to notify multiple targets. * `invert-match`: Inverts the result of the whole matcher * `mode`: Determines how the individual match rules are evaluated to compute the result for the whole matcher. If set to `all`, all matching rules must match. If set to `any`, at least one rule must match. a matcher must be true. Defaults to `all`. * `match-calendar`: Match the notification's timestamp against a schedule * `match-field`: Match the notification's metadata fields * `match-severity`: Match the notification's severity * `comment`: Comment for this matcher [[notification_matchers_calendar]] Calendar Matching Rules ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ A calendar matcher matches the time when a notification is sent against a configurable schedule. * `match-calendar 8-12` * `match-calendar 8:00-15:30` * `match-calendar mon-fri 9:00-17:00` * `match-calendar sun,tue-wed,fri 9-17` [[notification_matchers_field]] Field Matching Rules ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Notifications have a selection of metadata fields that can be matched. When using `exact` as a matching mode, a `,` can be used as a separator. The matching rule then matches if the metadata field has *any* of the specified values. * `match-field exact:type=vzdump` Only match notifications about backups. * `match-field exact:type=replication,fencing` Match `replication` and `fencing` notifications. * `match-field regex:hostname=^.+\.example\.com$` Match the hostname of the node. If a matched metadata field does not exist, the notification will not be matched. For instance, a `match-field regex:hostname=.*` directive will only match notifications that have an arbitrary `hostname` metadata field, but will not match if the field does not exist. [[notification_matchers_severity]] Severity Matching Rules ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ A notification has a associated severity that can be matched. * `match-severity error`: Only match errors * `match-severity warning,error`: Match warnings and error The following severities are in use: `info`, `notice`, `warning`, `error`, `unknown`. Examples ~~~~~~~~ ---- matcher: workday match-calendar mon-fri 9-17 target admin comment Notify admins during working hours matcher: night-and-weekend match-calendar mon-fri 9-17 invert-match true target on-call-admins comment Separate target for non-working hours ---- ---- matcher: backup-failures match-field exact:type=vzdump match-severity error target backup-admins comment Send notifications about backup failures to one group of admins matcher: cluster-failures match-field exact:type=replication,fencing target cluster-admins comment Send cluster-related notifications to other group of admins ---- [[notification_events]] Notification Events ------------------- [width="100%",options="header"] |=========================================================================== | Event | `type` | Severity | Metadata fields (in addition to `type`) | System updates available |`package-updates` | `info` | `hostname` | Cluster node fenced |`fencing` | `error` | `hostname` | Storage replication job failed |`replication` | `error` | `hostname`, `job-id` | Backup succeeded |`vzdump` | `info` | `hostname`, `job-id` (only for backup jobs) | Backup failed |`vzdump` | `error` | `hostname`, `job-id` (only for backup jobs) | Mail for root |`system-mail` | `unknown`| `hostname` |=========================================================================== [width="100%",options="header"] |======================================================================= | Field name | Description | `type` | Type of the notification | `hostname` | Hostname, without domain (e.g. `pve1`) | `job-id` | Job ID |======================================================================= NOTE: Backup job notifications only have `job-id` set if the backup job was executed automatically based on its schedule, but not if it was triggered manually by the 'Run now' button in the UI. System Mail Forwarding --------------------- Certain local system daemons, such as `smartd`, generate notification emails that are initially directed to the local `root` user. {pve} will feed these mails into the notification system as a notification of type `system-mail` and with severity `unknown`. When the email is forwarded to a sendmail target, the mail's content and headers are forwarded as-is. For all other targets, the system tries to extract both a subject line and the main text body from the email content. In instances where emails solely consist of HTML content, they will be transformed into plain text format during this process. Permissions ----------- To modify/view the configuration for notification targets, the `Mapping.Modify/Mapping.Audit` permissions are required for the `/mapping/notifications` ACL node. Testing a target requires `Mapping.Use`, `Mapping.Audit` or `Mapping.Modify` permissions on `/mapping/notifications` [[notification_mode]] Notification Mode ----------------- A backup job configuration has the `notification-mode` option which can have one of three values. * `auto`: Use the `legacy-sendmail` mode if no email address is entered in the `mailto`/`Send email to` field. If no email address is entered, the `notification-system` mode is used. * `legacy-sendmail`: Send notification emails via the system's `sendmail` command. The notification system will be bypassed and any configured targets/matchers will be ignored. This mode is equivalent to the notification behavior for version before {pve} 8.1 . * `notification-system`: Use the new, flexible notification system. If the `notification-mode` option is not set, {pve} will default to `auto`. The `legacy-sendmail` mode might be removed in a later release of {pve}.