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strace/strace.c
Dmitry V. Levin 06350dba75 2008-07-24 Dmitry V. Levin <ldv@altlinux.org> 
* strace.c (main): Fix -F option backwards compatibility.
2008-07-25 15:42:34 +00:00

2631 lines
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C
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/*
* Copyright (c) 1991, 1992 Paul Kranenburg <pk@cs.few.eur.nl>
* Copyright (c) 1993 Branko Lankester <branko@hacktic.nl>
* Copyright (c) 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996 Rick Sladkey <jrs@world.std.com>
* Copyright (c) 1996-1999 Wichert Akkerman <wichert@cistron.nl>
* All rights reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
* are met:
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* 3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
* derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
* OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
* IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
* INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
* NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
* DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
* THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
* (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
* THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*
* $Id$
*/
#include "defs.h"
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <sys/param.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/resource.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <pwd.h>
#include <grp.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <dirent.h>
#ifdef LINUX
# include <asm/unistd.h>
# if defined __NR_tgkill
# define my_tgkill(pid, tid, sig) syscall (__NR_tgkill, (pid), (tid), (sig))
# elif defined __NR_tkill
# define my_tgkill(pid, tid, sig) syscall (__NR_tkill, (tid), (sig))
# else
/* kill() may choose arbitrarily the target task of the process group
while we later wait on a that specific TID. PID process waits become
TID task specific waits for a process under ptrace(2). */
# warning "Neither tkill(2) nor tgkill(2) available, risk of strace hangs!"
# define my_tgkill(pid, tid, sig) kill ((tid), (sig))
# endif
#endif
#if defined(IA64) && defined(LINUX)
# include <asm/ptrace_offsets.h>
#endif
#ifdef USE_PROCFS
#include <poll.h>
#endif
#ifdef SVR4
#include <sys/stropts.h>
#ifdef HAVE_MP_PROCFS
#ifdef HAVE_SYS_UIO_H
#include <sys/uio.h>
#endif
#endif
#endif
int debug = 0, followfork = 0;
int dtime = 0, cflag = 0, xflag = 0, qflag = 0;
static int iflag = 0, interactive = 0, pflag_seen = 0, rflag = 0, tflag = 0;
/* Sometimes we want to print only succeeding syscalls. */
int not_failing_only = 0;
static char *username = NULL;
uid_t run_uid;
gid_t run_gid;
int acolumn = DEFAULT_ACOLUMN;
int max_strlen = DEFAULT_STRLEN;
static char *outfname = NULL;
FILE *outf;
struct tcb **tcbtab;
unsigned int nprocs, tcbtabsize;
char *progname;
extern char **environ;
static int detach P((struct tcb *tcp, int sig));
static int trace P((void));
static void cleanup P((void));
static void interrupt P((int sig));
static sigset_t empty_set, blocked_set;
#ifdef HAVE_SIG_ATOMIC_T
static volatile sig_atomic_t interrupted;
#else /* !HAVE_SIG_ATOMIC_T */
#ifdef __STDC__
static volatile int interrupted;
#else /* !__STDC__ */
static int interrupted;
#endif /* !__STDC__ */
#endif /* !HAVE_SIG_ATOMIC_T */
#ifdef USE_PROCFS
static struct tcb *pfd2tcb P((int pfd));
static void reaper P((int sig));
static void rebuild_pollv P((void));
static struct pollfd *pollv;
#ifndef HAVE_POLLABLE_PROCFS
static void proc_poll_open P((void));
static void proc_poller P((int pfd));
struct proc_pollfd {
int fd;
int revents;
int pid;
};
static int poller_pid;
static int proc_poll_pipe[2] = { -1, -1 };
#endif /* !HAVE_POLLABLE_PROCFS */
#ifdef HAVE_MP_PROCFS
#define POLLWANT POLLWRNORM
#else
#define POLLWANT POLLPRI
#endif
#endif /* USE_PROCFS */
static void
usage(ofp, exitval)
FILE *ofp;
int exitval;
{
fprintf(ofp, "\
usage: strace [-dffhiqrtttTvVxx] [-a column] [-e expr] ... [-o file]\n\
[-p pid] ... [-s strsize] [-u username] [-E var=val] ...\n\
[command [arg ...]]\n\
or: strace -c [-e expr] ... [-O overhead] [-S sortby] [-E var=val] ...\n\
[command [arg ...]]\n\
-c -- count time, calls, and errors for each syscall and report summary\n\
-f -- follow forks, -ff -- with output into separate files\n\
-F -- attempt to follow vforks, -h -- print help message\n\
-i -- print instruction pointer at time of syscall\n\
-q -- suppress messages about attaching, detaching, etc.\n\
-r -- print relative timestamp, -t -- absolute timestamp, -tt -- with usecs\n\
-T -- print time spent in each syscall, -V -- print version\n\
-v -- verbose mode: print unabbreviated argv, stat, termio[s], etc. args\n\
-x -- print non-ascii strings in hex, -xx -- print all strings in hex\n\
-a column -- alignment COLUMN for printing syscall results (default %d)\n\
-e expr -- a qualifying expression: option=[!]all or option=[!]val1[,val2]...\n\
options: trace, abbrev, verbose, raw, signal, read, or write\n\
-o file -- send trace output to FILE instead of stderr\n\
-O overhead -- set overhead for tracing syscalls to OVERHEAD usecs\n\
-p pid -- trace process with process id PID, may be repeated\n\
-s strsize -- limit length of print strings to STRSIZE chars (default %d)\n\
-S sortby -- sort syscall counts by: time, calls, name, nothing (default %s)\n\
-u username -- run command as username handling setuid and/or setgid\n\
-E var=val -- put var=val in the environment for command\n\
-E var -- remove var from the environment for command\n\
" /* this is broken, so don't document it
-z -- print only succeeding syscalls\n\
*/
, DEFAULT_ACOLUMN, DEFAULT_STRLEN, DEFAULT_SORTBY);
exit(exitval);
}
#ifdef SVR4
#ifdef MIPS
void
foobar()
{
}
#endif /* MIPS */
#endif /* SVR4 */
static int
set_cloexec_flag(int fd)
{
int flags, newflags;
if ((flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFD, 0)) < 0)
{
fprintf(stderr, "%s: fcntl F_GETFD: %s\n",
progname, strerror(errno));
return -1;
}
newflags = flags | FD_CLOEXEC;
if (flags == newflags)
return 0;
if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, newflags) < 0)
{
fprintf(stderr, "%s: fcntl F_SETFD: %s\n",
progname, strerror(errno));
return -1;
}
return 0;
}
/*
* When strace is setuid executable, we have to swap uids
* before and after filesystem and process management operations.
*/
static void
swap_uid(void)
{
#ifndef SVR4
int euid = geteuid(), uid = getuid();
if (euid != uid && setreuid(euid, uid) < 0)
{
fprintf(stderr, "%s: setreuid: %s\n",
progname, strerror(errno));
exit(1);
}
#endif
}
#if _LFS64_LARGEFILE
# define fopen_for_output fopen64
#else
# define fopen_for_output fopen
#endif
static FILE *
strace_fopen(const char *path, const char *mode)
{
FILE *fp;
swap_uid();
if ((fp = fopen_for_output(path, mode)) == NULL)
fprintf(stderr, "%s: can't fopen '%s': %s\n",
progname, path, strerror(errno));
swap_uid();
if (fp && set_cloexec_flag(fileno(fp)) < 0)
{
fclose(fp);
fp = NULL;
}
return fp;
}
static int popen_pid = -1;
#ifndef _PATH_BSHELL
# define _PATH_BSHELL "/bin/sh"
#endif
/*
* We cannot use standard popen(3) here because we have to distinguish
* popen child process from other processes we trace, and standard popen(3)
* does not export its child's pid.
*/
static FILE *
strace_popen(const char *command)
{
int fds[2];
swap_uid();
if (pipe(fds) < 0)
{
fprintf(stderr, "%s: pipe: %s\n",
progname, strerror(errno));
swap_uid();
return NULL;
}
if (set_cloexec_flag(fds[1]) < 0)
{
close(fds[0]);
close(fds[1]);
swap_uid();
return NULL;
}
if ((popen_pid = fork()) == -1)
{
fprintf(stderr, "%s: fork: %s\n",
progname, strerror(errno));
close(fds[0]);
close(fds[1]);
swap_uid();
return NULL;
}
if (popen_pid)
{
/* parent */
close(fds[0]);
swap_uid();
return fdopen(fds[1], "w");
} else
{
/* child */
close(fds[1]);
if (fds[0] && (dup2(fds[0], 0) || close(fds[0])))
{
fprintf(stderr, "%s: dup2: %s\n",
progname, strerror(errno));
_exit(1);
}
execl(_PATH_BSHELL, "sh", "-c", command, NULL);
fprintf(stderr, "%s: execl: %s: %s\n",
progname, _PATH_BSHELL, strerror(errno));
_exit(1);
}
}
static int
newoutf(struct tcb *tcp)
{
if (outfname && followfork > 1) {
char name[MAXPATHLEN];
FILE *fp;
sprintf(name, "%s.%u", outfname, tcp->pid);
if ((fp = strace_fopen(name, "w")) == NULL)
return -1;
tcp->outf = fp;
}
return 0;
}
static void
startup_attach(void)
{
int tcbi;
struct tcb *tcp;
/*
* Block user interruptions as we would leave the traced
* process stopped (process state T) if we would terminate in
* between PTRACE_ATTACH and wait4 () on SIGSTOP.
* We rely on cleanup () from this point on.
*/
if (interactive)
sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &blocked_set, NULL);
for (tcbi = 0; tcbi < tcbtabsize; tcbi++) {
tcp = tcbtab[tcbi];
if (!(tcp->flags & TCB_INUSE) || !(tcp->flags & TCB_ATTACHED))
continue;
#ifdef LINUX
if (tcp->flags & TCB_CLONE_THREAD)
continue;
#endif
/* Reinitialize the output since it may have changed. */
tcp->outf = outf;
if (newoutf(tcp) < 0)
exit(1);
#ifdef USE_PROCFS
if (proc_open(tcp, 1) < 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "trouble opening proc file\n");
droptcb(tcp);
continue;
}
#else /* !USE_PROCFS */
# ifdef LINUX
if (followfork) {
char procdir[MAXPATHLEN];
DIR *dir;
sprintf(procdir, "/proc/%d/task", tcp->pid);
dir = opendir(procdir);
if (dir != NULL) {
unsigned int ntid = 0, nerr = 0;
struct dirent *de;
int tid;
while ((de = readdir(dir)) != NULL) {
if (de->d_fileno == 0 ||
de->d_name[0] == '.')
continue;
tid = atoi(de->d_name);
if (tid <= 0)
continue;
++ntid;
if (ptrace(PTRACE_ATTACH, tid,
(char *) 1, 0) < 0)
++nerr;
else if (tid != tcbtab[tcbi]->pid) {
if (nprocs == tcbtabsize &&
expand_tcbtab())
tcp = NULL;
else
tcp = alloctcb(tid);
if (tcp == NULL)
exit(1);
tcp->flags |= TCB_ATTACHED|TCB_CLONE_THREAD|TCB_CLONE_DETACHED|TCB_FOLLOWFORK;
tcbtab[tcbi]->nchildren++;
tcbtab[tcbi]->nclone_threads++;
tcbtab[tcbi]->nclone_detached++;
tcp->parent = tcbtab[tcbi];
}
if (interactive) {
sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &empty_set, NULL);
if (interrupted)
return;
sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &blocked_set, NULL);
}
}
closedir(dir);
if (nerr == ntid) {
perror("attach: ptrace(PTRACE_ATTACH, ...)");
droptcb(tcp);
continue;
}
if (!qflag) {
ntid -= nerr;
if (ntid > 1)
fprintf(stderr, "\
Process %u attached with %u threads - interrupt to quit\n",
tcp->pid, ntid);
else
fprintf(stderr, "\
Process %u attached - interrupt to quit\n",
tcp->pid);
}
continue;
}
}
# endif
if (ptrace(PTRACE_ATTACH, tcp->pid, (char *) 1, 0) < 0) {
perror("attach: ptrace(PTRACE_ATTACH, ...)");
droptcb(tcp);
continue;
}
/* INTERRUPTED is going to be checked at the top of TRACE. */
#endif /* !USE_PROCFS */
if (!qflag)
fprintf(stderr,
"Process %u attached - interrupt to quit\n",
tcp->pid);
}
if (interactive)
sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &empty_set, NULL);
}
static void
startup_child (char **argv)
{
struct stat statbuf;
const char *filename;
char pathname[MAXPATHLEN];
int pid = 0;
struct tcb *tcp;
filename = argv[0];
if (strchr(filename, '/')) {
if (strlen(filename) > sizeof pathname - 1) {
errno = ENAMETOOLONG;
perror("strace: exec");
exit(1);
}
strcpy(pathname, filename);
}
#ifdef USE_DEBUGGING_EXEC
/*
* Debuggers customarily check the current directory
* first regardless of the path but doing that gives
* security geeks a panic attack.
*/
else if (stat(filename, &statbuf) == 0)
strcpy(pathname, filename);
#endif /* USE_DEBUGGING_EXEC */
else {
char *path;
int m, n, len;
for (path = getenv("PATH"); path && *path; path += m) {
if (strchr(path, ':')) {
n = strchr(path, ':') - path;
m = n + 1;
}
else
m = n = strlen(path);
if (n == 0) {
if (!getcwd(pathname, MAXPATHLEN))
continue;
len = strlen(pathname);
}
else if (n > sizeof pathname - 1)
continue;
else {
strncpy(pathname, path, n);
len = n;
}
if (len && pathname[len - 1] != '/')
pathname[len++] = '/';
strcpy(pathname + len, filename);
if (stat(pathname, &statbuf) == 0 &&
/* Accept only regular files
with some execute bits set.
XXX not perfect, might still fail */
S_ISREG(statbuf.st_mode) &&
(statbuf.st_mode & 0111))
break;
}
}
if (stat(pathname, &statbuf) < 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s: command not found\n",
progname, filename);
exit(1);
}
switch (pid = fork()) {
case -1:
perror("strace: fork");
cleanup();
exit(1);
break;
case 0: {
#ifdef USE_PROCFS
if (outf != stderr) close (fileno (outf));
#ifdef MIPS
/* Kludge for SGI, see proc_open for details. */
sa.sa_handler = foobar;
sa.sa_flags = 0;
sigemptyset(&sa.sa_mask);
sigaction(SIGINT, &sa, NULL);
#endif /* MIPS */
#ifndef FREEBSD
pause();
#else /* FREEBSD */
kill(getpid(), SIGSTOP); /* stop HERE */
#endif /* FREEBSD */
#else /* !USE_PROCFS */
if (outf!=stderr)
close(fileno (outf));
if (ptrace(PTRACE_TRACEME, 0, (char *) 1, 0) < 0) {
perror("strace: ptrace(PTRACE_TRACEME, ...)");
exit(1);
}
if (debug)
kill(getpid(), SIGSTOP);
if (username != NULL || geteuid() == 0) {
uid_t run_euid = run_uid;
gid_t run_egid = run_gid;
if (statbuf.st_mode & S_ISUID)
run_euid = statbuf.st_uid;
if (statbuf.st_mode & S_ISGID)
run_egid = statbuf.st_gid;
/*
* It is important to set groups before we
* lose privileges on setuid.
*/
if (username != NULL) {
if (initgroups(username, run_gid) < 0) {
perror("initgroups");
exit(1);
}
if (setregid(run_gid, run_egid) < 0) {
perror("setregid");
exit(1);
}
if (setreuid(run_uid, run_euid) < 0) {
perror("setreuid");
exit(1);
}
}
}
else
setreuid(run_uid, run_uid);
/*
* Induce an immediate stop so that the parent
* will resume us with PTRACE_SYSCALL and display
* this execve call normally.
*/
kill(getpid(), SIGSTOP);
#endif /* !USE_PROCFS */
execv(pathname, argv);
perror("strace: exec");
_exit(1);
break;
}
default:
if ((tcp = alloctcb(pid)) == NULL) {
cleanup();
exit(1);
}
#ifdef USE_PROCFS
if (proc_open(tcp, 0) < 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "trouble opening proc file\n");
cleanup();
exit(1);
}
#endif /* USE_PROCFS */
break;
}
}
int
main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
extern int optind;
extern char *optarg;
struct tcb *tcp;
int c, pid = 0;
int optF = 0;
struct sigaction sa;
static char buf[BUFSIZ];
progname = argv[0] ? argv[0] : "strace";
/* Allocate the initial tcbtab. */
tcbtabsize = argc; /* Surely enough for all -p args. */
if ((tcbtab = calloc (tcbtabsize, sizeof tcbtab[0])) == NULL) {
fprintf(stderr, "%s: out of memory\n", progname);
exit(1);
}
if ((tcbtab[0] = calloc (tcbtabsize, sizeof tcbtab[0][0])) == NULL) {
fprintf(stderr, "%s: out of memory\n", progname);
exit(1);
}
for (tcp = tcbtab[0]; tcp < &tcbtab[0][tcbtabsize]; ++tcp)
tcbtab[tcp - tcbtab[0]] = &tcbtab[0][tcp - tcbtab[0]];
outf = stderr;
interactive = 1;
set_sortby(DEFAULT_SORTBY);
set_personality(DEFAULT_PERSONALITY);
qualify("trace=all");
qualify("abbrev=all");
qualify("verbose=all");
qualify("signal=all");
while ((c = getopt(argc, argv,
"+cdfFhiqrtTvVxza:e:o:O:p:s:S:u:E:")) != EOF) {
switch (c) {
case 'c':
cflag++;
dtime++;
break;
case 'd':
debug++;
break;
case 'F':
optF = 1;
break;
case 'f':
followfork++;
break;
case 'h':
usage(stdout, 0);
break;
case 'i':
iflag++;
break;
case 'q':
qflag++;
break;
case 'r':
rflag++;
tflag++;
break;
case 't':
tflag++;
break;
case 'T':
dtime++;
break;
case 'x':
xflag++;
break;
case 'v':
qualify("abbrev=none");
break;
case 'V':
printf("%s -- version %s\n", PACKAGE_NAME, VERSION);
exit(0);
break;
case 'z':
not_failing_only = 1;
break;
case 'a':
acolumn = atoi(optarg);
break;
case 'e':
qualify(optarg);
break;
case 'o':
outfname = strdup(optarg);
break;
case 'O':
set_overhead(atoi(optarg));
break;
case 'p':
if ((pid = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "%s: Invalid process id: %s\n",
progname, optarg);
break;
}
if (pid == getpid()) {
fprintf(stderr, "%s: I'm sorry, I can't let you do that, Dave.\n", progname);
break;
}
if ((tcp = alloc_tcb(pid, 0)) == NULL) {
fprintf(stderr, "%s: out of memory\n",
progname);
exit(1);
}
tcp->flags |= TCB_ATTACHED;
pflag_seen++;
break;
case 's':
max_strlen = atoi(optarg);
if (max_strlen < 0) {
fprintf(stderr,
"%s: invalid -s argument: %s\n",
progname, optarg);
exit(1);
}
break;
case 'S':
set_sortby(optarg);
break;
case 'u':
username = strdup(optarg);
break;
case 'E':
if (putenv(optarg) < 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "%s: out of memory\n",
progname);
exit(1);
}
break;
default:
usage(stderr, 1);
break;
}
}
if ((optind == argc) == !pflag_seen)
usage(stderr, 1);
if (!followfork)
followfork = optF;
if (followfork > 1 && cflag) {
fprintf(stderr,
"%s: -c and -ff are mutually exclusive options\n",
progname);
exit(1);
}
/* See if they want to run as another user. */
if (username != NULL) {
struct passwd *pent;
if (getuid() != 0 || geteuid() != 0) {
fprintf(stderr,
"%s: you must be root to use the -u option\n",
progname);
exit(1);
}
if ((pent = getpwnam(username)) == NULL) {
fprintf(stderr, "%s: cannot find user `%s'\n",
progname, username);
exit(1);
}
run_uid = pent->pw_uid;
run_gid = pent->pw_gid;
}
else {
run_uid = getuid();
run_gid = getgid();
}
/* Check if they want to redirect the output. */
if (outfname) {
/* See if they want to pipe the output. */
if (outfname[0] == '|' || outfname[0] == '!') {
/*
* We can't do the <outfname>.PID funny business
* when using popen, so prohibit it.
*/
if (followfork > 1) {
fprintf(stderr, "\
%s: piping the output and -ff are mutually exclusive options\n",
progname);
exit(1);
}
if ((outf = strace_popen(outfname + 1)) == NULL)
exit(1);
}
else if (followfork <= 1 &&
(outf = strace_fopen(outfname, "w")) == NULL)
exit(1);
}
if (!outfname || outfname[0] == '|' || outfname[0] == '!')
setvbuf(outf, buf, _IOLBF, BUFSIZ);
if (outfname && optind < argc) {
interactive = 0;
qflag = 1;
}
/* Valid states here:
optind < argc pflag_seen outfname interactive
1 0 0 1
0 1 0 1
1 0 1 0
0 1 1 1
*/
/* STARTUP_CHILD must be called before the signal handlers get
installed below as they are inherited into the spawned process.
Also we do not need to be protected by them as during interruption
in the STARTUP_CHILD mode we kill the spawned process anyway. */
if (!pflag_seen)
startup_child(&argv[optind]);
sigemptyset(&empty_set);
sigemptyset(&blocked_set);
sa.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
sigemptyset(&sa.sa_mask);
sa.sa_flags = 0;
sigaction(SIGTTOU, &sa, NULL);
sigaction(SIGTTIN, &sa, NULL);
if (interactive) {
sigaddset(&blocked_set, SIGHUP);
sigaddset(&blocked_set, SIGINT);
sigaddset(&blocked_set, SIGQUIT);
sigaddset(&blocked_set, SIGPIPE);
sigaddset(&blocked_set, SIGTERM);
sa.sa_handler = interrupt;
#ifdef SUNOS4
/* POSIX signals on sunos4.1 are a little broken. */
sa.sa_flags = SA_INTERRUPT;
#endif /* SUNOS4 */
}
sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa, NULL);
sigaction(SIGINT, &sa, NULL);
sigaction(SIGQUIT, &sa, NULL);
sigaction(SIGPIPE, &sa, NULL);
sigaction(SIGTERM, &sa, NULL);
#ifdef USE_PROCFS
sa.sa_handler = reaper;
sigaction(SIGCHLD, &sa, NULL);
#else
/* Make sure SIGCHLD has the default action so that waitpid
definitely works without losing track of children. The user
should not have given us a bogus state to inherit, but he might
have. Arguably we should detect SIG_IGN here and pass it on
to children, but probably noone really needs that. */
sa.sa_handler = SIG_DFL;
sigaction(SIGCHLD, &sa, NULL);
#endif /* USE_PROCFS */
if (pflag_seen)
startup_attach();
if (trace() < 0)
exit(1);
cleanup();
exit(0);
}
int
expand_tcbtab()
{
/* Allocate some more TCBs and expand the table.
We don't want to relocate the TCBs because our
callers have pointers and it would be a pain.
So tcbtab is a table of pointers. Since we never
free the TCBs, we allocate a single chunk of many. */
struct tcb **newtab = (struct tcb **)
realloc(tcbtab, 2 * tcbtabsize * sizeof tcbtab[0]);
struct tcb *newtcbs = (struct tcb *) calloc(tcbtabsize,
sizeof *newtcbs);
int i;
if (newtab == NULL || newtcbs == NULL) {
if (newtab != NULL)
free(newtab);
fprintf(stderr, "%s: expand_tcbtab: out of memory\n",
progname);
return 1;
}
for (i = tcbtabsize; i < 2 * tcbtabsize; ++i)
newtab[i] = &newtcbs[i - tcbtabsize];
tcbtabsize *= 2;
tcbtab = newtab;
return 0;
}
struct tcb *
alloc_tcb(int pid, int command_options_parsed)
{
int i;
struct tcb *tcp;
for (i = 0; i < tcbtabsize; i++) {
tcp = tcbtab[i];
if ((tcp->flags & TCB_INUSE) == 0) {
tcp->pid = pid;
tcp->parent = NULL;
tcp->nchildren = 0;
tcp->nzombies = 0;
#ifdef TCB_CLONE_THREAD
tcp->nclone_threads = tcp->nclone_detached = 0;
tcp->nclone_waiting = 0;
#endif
tcp->flags = TCB_INUSE | TCB_STARTUP;
tcp->outf = outf; /* Initialise to current out file */
tcp->stime.tv_sec = 0;
tcp->stime.tv_usec = 0;
tcp->pfd = -1;
nprocs++;
if (command_options_parsed)
newoutf(tcp);
return tcp;
}
}
fprintf(stderr, "%s: alloc_tcb: tcb table full\n", progname);
return NULL;
}
#ifdef USE_PROCFS
int
proc_open(tcp, attaching)
struct tcb *tcp;
int attaching;
{
char proc[32];
long arg;
#ifdef SVR4
int i;
sysset_t syscalls;
sigset_t signals;
fltset_t faults;
#endif
#ifndef HAVE_POLLABLE_PROCFS
static int last_pfd;
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_MP_PROCFS
/* Open the process pseudo-files in /proc. */
sprintf(proc, "/proc/%d/ctl", tcp->pid);
if ((tcp->pfd = open(proc, O_WRONLY|O_EXCL)) < 0) {
perror("strace: open(\"/proc/...\", ...)");
return -1;
}
if (set_cloexec_flag(tcp->pfd) < 0) {
return -1;
}
sprintf(proc, "/proc/%d/status", tcp->pid);
if ((tcp->pfd_stat = open(proc, O_RDONLY|O_EXCL)) < 0) {
perror("strace: open(\"/proc/...\", ...)");
return -1;
}
if (set_cloexec_flag(tcp->pfd_stat) < 0) {
return -1;
}
sprintf(proc, "/proc/%d/as", tcp->pid);
if ((tcp->pfd_as = open(proc, O_RDONLY|O_EXCL)) < 0) {
perror("strace: open(\"/proc/...\", ...)");
return -1;
}
if (set_cloexec_flag(tcp->pfd_as) < 0) {
return -1;
}
#else
/* Open the process pseudo-file in /proc. */
#ifndef FREEBSD
sprintf(proc, "/proc/%d", tcp->pid);
if ((tcp->pfd = open(proc, O_RDWR|O_EXCL)) < 0) {
#else /* FREEBSD */
sprintf(proc, "/proc/%d/mem", tcp->pid);
if ((tcp->pfd = open(proc, O_RDWR)) < 0) {
#endif /* FREEBSD */
perror("strace: open(\"/proc/...\", ...)");
return -1;
}
if (set_cloexec_flag(tcp->pfd) < 0) {
return -1;
}
#endif
#ifdef FREEBSD
sprintf(proc, "/proc/%d/regs", tcp->pid);
if ((tcp->pfd_reg = open(proc, O_RDONLY)) < 0) {
perror("strace: open(\"/proc/.../regs\", ...)");
return -1;
}
if (cflag) {
sprintf(proc, "/proc/%d/status", tcp->pid);
if ((tcp->pfd_status = open(proc, O_RDONLY)) < 0) {
perror("strace: open(\"/proc/.../status\", ...)");
return -1;
}
} else
tcp->pfd_status = -1;
#endif /* FREEBSD */
rebuild_pollv();
if (!attaching) {
/*
* Wait for the child to pause. Because of a race
* condition we have to poll for the event.
*/
for (;;) {
if (IOCTL_STATUS (tcp) < 0) {
perror("strace: PIOCSTATUS");
return -1;
}
if (tcp->status.PR_FLAGS & PR_ASLEEP)
break;
}
}
#ifndef FREEBSD
/* Stop the process so that we own the stop. */
if (IOCTL(tcp->pfd, PIOCSTOP, (char *)NULL) < 0) {
perror("strace: PIOCSTOP");
return -1;
}
#endif
#ifdef PIOCSET
/* Set Run-on-Last-Close. */
arg = PR_RLC;
if (IOCTL(tcp->pfd, PIOCSET, &arg) < 0) {
perror("PIOCSET PR_RLC");
return -1;
}
/* Set or Reset Inherit-on-Fork. */
arg = PR_FORK;
if (IOCTL(tcp->pfd, followfork ? PIOCSET : PIOCRESET, &arg) < 0) {
perror("PIOC{SET,RESET} PR_FORK");
return -1;
}
#else /* !PIOCSET */
#ifndef FREEBSD
if (ioctl(tcp->pfd, PIOCSRLC) < 0) {
perror("PIOCSRLC");
return -1;
}
if (ioctl(tcp->pfd, followfork ? PIOCSFORK : PIOCRFORK) < 0) {
perror("PIOC{S,R}FORK");
return -1;
}
#else /* FREEBSD */
/* just unset the PF_LINGER flag for the Run-on-Last-Close. */
if (ioctl(tcp->pfd, PIOCGFL, &arg) < 0) {
perror("PIOCGFL");
return -1;
}
arg &= ~PF_LINGER;
if (ioctl(tcp->pfd, PIOCSFL, arg) < 0) {
perror("PIOCSFL");
return -1;
}
#endif /* FREEBSD */
#endif /* !PIOCSET */
#ifndef FREEBSD
/* Enable all syscall entries we care about. */
premptyset(&syscalls);
for (i = 1; i < MAX_QUALS; ++i) {
if (i > (sizeof syscalls) * CHAR_BIT) break;
if (qual_flags [i] & QUAL_TRACE) praddset (&syscalls, i);
}
praddset (&syscalls, SYS_execve);
if (followfork) {
praddset (&syscalls, SYS_fork);
#ifdef SYS_forkall
praddset (&syscalls, SYS_forkall);
#endif
#ifdef SYS_fork1
praddset (&syscalls, SYS_fork1);
#endif
#ifdef SYS_rfork1
praddset (&syscalls, SYS_rfork1);
#endif
#ifdef SYS_rforkall
praddset (&syscalls, SYS_rforkall);
#endif
}
if (IOCTL(tcp->pfd, PIOCSENTRY, &syscalls) < 0) {
perror("PIOCSENTRY");
return -1;
}
/* Enable the syscall exits. */
if (IOCTL(tcp->pfd, PIOCSEXIT, &syscalls) < 0) {
perror("PIOSEXIT");
return -1;
}
/* Enable signals we care about. */
premptyset(&signals);
for (i = 1; i < MAX_QUALS; ++i) {
if (i > (sizeof signals) * CHAR_BIT) break;
if (qual_flags [i] & QUAL_SIGNAL) praddset (&signals, i);
}
if (IOCTL(tcp->pfd, PIOCSTRACE, &signals) < 0) {
perror("PIOCSTRACE");
return -1;
}
/* Enable faults we care about */
premptyset(&faults);
for (i = 1; i < MAX_QUALS; ++i) {
if (i > (sizeof faults) * CHAR_BIT) break;
if (qual_flags [i] & QUAL_FAULT) praddset (&faults, i);
}
if (IOCTL(tcp->pfd, PIOCSFAULT, &faults) < 0) {
perror("PIOCSFAULT");
return -1;
}
#else /* FREEBSD */
/* set events flags. */
arg = S_SIG | S_SCE | S_SCX ;
if(ioctl(tcp->pfd, PIOCBIS, arg) < 0) {
perror("PIOCBIS");
return -1;
}
#endif /* FREEBSD */
if (!attaching) {
#ifdef MIPS
/*
* The SGI PRSABORT doesn't work for pause() so
* we send it a caught signal to wake it up.
*/
kill(tcp->pid, SIGINT);
#else /* !MIPS */
#ifdef PRSABORT
/* The child is in a pause(), abort it. */
arg = PRSABORT;
if (IOCTL (tcp->pfd, PIOCRUN, &arg) < 0) {
perror("PIOCRUN");
return -1;
}
#endif
#endif /* !MIPS*/
#ifdef FREEBSD
/* wake up the child if it received the SIGSTOP */
kill(tcp->pid, SIGCONT);
#endif
for (;;) {
/* Wait for the child to do something. */
if (IOCTL_WSTOP (tcp) < 0) {
perror("PIOCWSTOP");
return -1;
}
if (tcp->status.PR_WHY == PR_SYSENTRY) {
tcp->flags &= ~TCB_INSYSCALL;
get_scno(tcp);
if (known_scno(tcp) == SYS_execve)
break;
}
/* Set it running: maybe execve will be next. */
#ifndef FREEBSD
arg = 0;
if (IOCTL(tcp->pfd, PIOCRUN, &arg) < 0) {
#else /* FREEBSD */
if (IOCTL(tcp->pfd, PIOCRUN, 0) < 0) {
#endif /* FREEBSD */
perror("PIOCRUN");
return -1;
}
#ifdef FREEBSD
/* handle the case where we "opened" the child before
it did the kill -STOP */
if (tcp->status.PR_WHY == PR_SIGNALLED &&
tcp->status.PR_WHAT == SIGSTOP)
kill(tcp->pid, SIGCONT);
#endif
}
#ifndef FREEBSD
}
#else /* FREEBSD */
} else {
if (attaching < 2) {
/* We are attaching to an already running process.
* Try to figure out the state of the process in syscalls,
* to handle the first event well.
* This is done by having a look at the "wchan" property of the
* process, which tells where it is stopped (if it is). */
FILE * status;
char wchan[20]; /* should be enough */
sprintf(proc, "/proc/%d/status", tcp->pid);
status = fopen(proc, "r");
if (status &&
(fscanf(status, "%*s %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d,%*d %*s %*d,%*d"
"%*d,%*d %*d,%*d %19s", wchan) == 1) &&
strcmp(wchan, "nochan") && strcmp(wchan, "spread") &&
strcmp(wchan, "stopevent")) {
/* The process is asleep in the middle of a syscall.
Fake the syscall entry event */
tcp->flags &= ~(TCB_INSYSCALL|TCB_STARTUP);
tcp->status.PR_WHY = PR_SYSENTRY;
trace_syscall(tcp);
}
if (status)
fclose(status);
} /* otherwise it's a fork being followed */
}
#endif /* FREEBSD */
#ifndef HAVE_POLLABLE_PROCFS
if (proc_poll_pipe[0] != -1)
proc_poller(tcp->pfd);
else if (nprocs > 1) {
proc_poll_open();
proc_poller(last_pfd);
proc_poller(tcp->pfd);
}
last_pfd = tcp->pfd;
#endif /* !HAVE_POLLABLE_PROCFS */
return 0;
}
#endif /* USE_PROCFS */
struct tcb *
pid2tcb(pid)
int pid;
{
int i;
struct tcb *tcp;
for (i = 0; i < tcbtabsize; i++) {
tcp = tcbtab[i];
if (pid && tcp->pid != pid)
continue;
if (tcp->flags & TCB_INUSE)
return tcp;
}
return NULL;
}
#ifdef USE_PROCFS
static struct tcb *
pfd2tcb(pfd)
int pfd;
{
int i;
for (i = 0; i < tcbtabsize; i++) {
struct tcb *tcp = tcbtab[i];
if (tcp->pfd != pfd)
continue;
if (tcp->flags & TCB_INUSE)
return tcp;
}
return NULL;
}
#endif /* USE_PROCFS */
void
droptcb(tcp)
struct tcb *tcp;
{
if (tcp->pid == 0)
return;
#ifdef TCB_CLONE_THREAD
if (tcp->nclone_threads > 0) {
/* There are other threads left in this process, but this
is the one whose PID represents the whole process.
We need to keep this record around as a zombie until
all the threads die. */
tcp->flags |= TCB_EXITING;
return;
}
#endif
nprocs--;
tcp->pid = 0;
if (tcp->parent != NULL) {
tcp->parent->nchildren--;
#ifdef TCB_CLONE_THREAD
if (tcp->flags & TCB_CLONE_DETACHED)
tcp->parent->nclone_detached--;
if (tcp->flags & TCB_CLONE_THREAD)
tcp->parent->nclone_threads--;
#endif
#ifdef TCB_CLONE_DETACHED
if (!(tcp->flags & TCB_CLONE_DETACHED))
#endif
tcp->parent->nzombies++;
#ifdef LINUX
/* Update `tcp->parent->parent->nchildren' and the other fields
like NCLONE_DETACHED, only for zombie group leader that has
already reported and been short-circuited at the top of this
function. The same condition as at the top of DETACH. */
if ((tcp->flags & TCB_CLONE_THREAD) &&
tcp->parent->nclone_threads == 0 &&
(tcp->parent->flags & TCB_EXITING))
droptcb(tcp->parent);
#endif
tcp->parent = NULL;
}
tcp->flags = 0;
if (tcp->pfd != -1) {
close(tcp->pfd);
tcp->pfd = -1;
#ifdef FREEBSD
if (tcp->pfd_reg != -1) {
close(tcp->pfd_reg);
tcp->pfd_reg = -1;
}
if (tcp->pfd_status != -1) {
close(tcp->pfd_status);
tcp->pfd_status = -1;
}
#endif /* !FREEBSD */
#ifdef USE_PROCFS
rebuild_pollv(); /* Note, flags needs to be cleared by now. */
#endif
}
if (outfname && followfork > 1 && tcp->outf)
fclose(tcp->outf);
tcp->outf = 0;
}
#ifndef USE_PROCFS
static int
resume(tcp)
struct tcb *tcp;
{
if (tcp == NULL)
return -1;
if (!(tcp->flags & TCB_SUSPENDED)) {
fprintf(stderr, "PANIC: pid %u not suspended\n", tcp->pid);
return -1;
}
tcp->flags &= ~TCB_SUSPENDED;
#ifdef TCB_CLONE_THREAD
if (tcp->flags & TCB_CLONE_THREAD)
tcp->parent->nclone_waiting--;
#endif
if (ptrace(PTRACE_SYSCALL, tcp->pid, (char *) 1, 0) < 0) {
perror("resume: ptrace(PTRACE_SYSCALL, ...)");
return -1;
}
if (!qflag)
fprintf(stderr, "Process %u resumed\n", tcp->pid);
return 0;
}
static int
resume_from_tcp (struct tcb *tcp)
{
int error = 0;
int resumed = 0;
/* XXX This won't always be quite right (but it never was).
A waiter with argument 0 or < -1 is waiting for any pid in
a particular pgrp, which this child might or might not be
in. The waiter will only wake up if it's argument is -1
or if it's waiting for tcp->pid's pgrp. It makes a
difference to wake up a waiter when there might be more
traced children, because it could get a false ECHILD
error. OTOH, if this was the last child in the pgrp, then
it ought to wake up and get ECHILD. We would have to
search the system for all pid's in the pgrp to be sure.
&& (t->waitpid == -1 ||
(t->waitpid == 0 && getpgid (tcp->pid) == getpgid (t->pid))
|| (t->waitpid < 0 && t->waitpid == -getpid (t->pid)))
*/
if (tcp->parent &&
(tcp->parent->flags & TCB_SUSPENDED) &&
(tcp->parent->waitpid <= 0 || tcp->parent->waitpid == tcp->pid)) {
error = resume(tcp->parent);
++resumed;
}
#ifdef TCB_CLONE_THREAD
if (tcp->parent && tcp->parent->nclone_waiting > 0) {
/* Some other threads of our parent are waiting too. */
unsigned int i;
/* Resume all the threads that were waiting for this PID. */
for (i = 0; i < tcbtabsize; i++) {
struct tcb *t = tcbtab[i];
if (t->parent == tcp->parent && t != tcp
&& ((t->flags & (TCB_CLONE_THREAD|TCB_SUSPENDED))
== (TCB_CLONE_THREAD|TCB_SUSPENDED))
&& t->waitpid == tcp->pid) {
error |= resume (t);
++resumed;
}
}
if (resumed == 0)
/* Noone was waiting for this PID in particular,
so now we might need to resume some wildcarders. */
for (i = 0; i < tcbtabsize; i++) {
struct tcb *t = tcbtab[i];
if (t->parent == tcp->parent && t != tcp
&& ((t->flags
& (TCB_CLONE_THREAD|TCB_SUSPENDED))
== (TCB_CLONE_THREAD|TCB_SUSPENDED))
&& t->waitpid <= 0
) {
error |= resume (t);
break;
}
}
}
return error;
}
#endif
#endif /* !USE_PROCFS */
/* detach traced process; continue with sig
Never call DETACH twice on the same process as both unattached and
attached-unstopped processes give the same ESRCH. For unattached process we
would SIGSTOP it and wait for its SIGSTOP notification forever. */
static int
detach(tcp, sig)
struct tcb *tcp;
int sig;
{
int error = 0;
#ifdef LINUX
int status, catch_sigstop;
struct tcb *zombie = NULL;
/* If the group leader is lingering only because of this other
thread now dying, then detach the leader as well. */
if ((tcp->flags & TCB_CLONE_THREAD) &&
tcp->parent->nclone_threads == 1 &&
(tcp->parent->flags & TCB_EXITING))
zombie = tcp->parent;
#endif
if (tcp->flags & TCB_BPTSET)
sig = SIGKILL;
#ifdef LINUX
/*
* Linux wrongly insists the child be stopped
* before detaching. Arghh. We go through hoops
* to make a clean break of things.
*/
#if defined(SPARC)
#undef PTRACE_DETACH
#define PTRACE_DETACH PTRACE_SUNDETACH
#endif
/*
* On TCB_STARTUP we did PTRACE_ATTACH but still did not get the
* expected SIGSTOP. We must catch exactly one as otherwise the
* detached process would be left stopped (process state T).
*/
catch_sigstop = (tcp->flags & TCB_STARTUP);
if ((error = ptrace(PTRACE_DETACH, tcp->pid, (char *) 1, sig)) == 0) {
/* On a clear day, you can see forever. */
}
else if (errno != ESRCH) {
/* Shouldn't happen. */
perror("detach: ptrace(PTRACE_DETACH, ...)");
}
else if (my_tgkill((tcp->flags & TCB_CLONE_THREAD ? tcp->parent->pid
: tcp->pid),
tcp->pid, 0) < 0) {
if (errno != ESRCH)
perror("detach: checking sanity");
}
else if (!catch_sigstop && my_tgkill((tcp->flags & TCB_CLONE_THREAD
? tcp->parent->pid : tcp->pid),
tcp->pid, SIGSTOP) < 0) {
if (errno != ESRCH)
perror("detach: stopping child");
}
else
catch_sigstop = 1;
if (catch_sigstop)
for (;;) {
#ifdef __WALL
if (wait4(tcp->pid, &status, __WALL, NULL) < 0) {
if (errno == ECHILD) /* Already gone. */
break;
if (errno != EINVAL) {
perror("detach: waiting");
break;
}
#endif /* __WALL */
/* No __WALL here. */
if (waitpid(tcp->pid, &status, 0) < 0) {
if (errno != ECHILD) {
perror("detach: waiting");
break;
}
#ifdef __WCLONE
/* If no processes, try clones. */
if (wait4(tcp->pid, &status, __WCLONE,
NULL) < 0) {
if (errno != ECHILD)
perror("detach: waiting");
break;
}
#endif /* __WCLONE */
}
#ifdef __WALL
}
#endif
if (!WIFSTOPPED(status)) {
/* Au revoir, mon ami. */
break;
}
if (WSTOPSIG(status) == SIGSTOP) {
if ((error = ptrace(PTRACE_DETACH,
tcp->pid, (char *) 1, sig)) < 0) {
if (errno != ESRCH)
perror("detach: ptrace(PTRACE_DETACH, ...)");
/* I died trying. */
}
break;
}
if ((error = ptrace(PTRACE_CONT, tcp->pid, (char *) 1,
WSTOPSIG(status) == SIGTRAP ?
0 : WSTOPSIG(status))) < 0) {
if (errno != ESRCH)
perror("detach: ptrace(PTRACE_CONT, ...)");
break;
}
}
#endif /* LINUX */
#if defined(SUNOS4)
/* PTRACE_DETACH won't respect `sig' argument, so we post it here. */
if (sig && kill(tcp->pid, sig) < 0)
perror("detach: kill");
sig = 0;
if ((error = ptrace(PTRACE_DETACH, tcp->pid, (char *) 1, sig)) < 0)
perror("detach: ptrace(PTRACE_DETACH, ...)");
#endif /* SUNOS4 */
#ifndef USE_PROCFS
error |= resume_from_tcp (tcp);
#endif
if (!qflag)
fprintf(stderr, "Process %u detached\n", tcp->pid);
droptcb(tcp);
#ifdef LINUX
if (zombie != NULL) {
/* TCP no longer exists therefore you must not detach () it. */
droptcb(zombie);
}
#endif
return error;
}
#ifdef USE_PROCFS
static void
reaper(sig)
int sig;
{
int pid;
int status;
while ((pid = waitpid(-1, &status, WNOHANG)) > 0) {
#if 0
struct tcb *tcp;
tcp = pid2tcb(pid);
if (tcp)
droptcb(tcp);
#endif
}
}
#endif /* USE_PROCFS */
static void
cleanup()
{
int i;
struct tcb *tcp;
for (i = 0; i < tcbtabsize; i++) {
tcp = tcbtab[i];
if (!(tcp->flags & TCB_INUSE))
continue;
if (debug)
fprintf(stderr,
"cleanup: looking at pid %u\n", tcp->pid);
if (tcp_last &&
(!outfname || followfork < 2 || tcp_last == tcp)) {
tprintf(" <unfinished ...>\n");
tcp_last = NULL;
}
if (tcp->flags & TCB_ATTACHED)
detach(tcp, 0);
else {
kill(tcp->pid, SIGCONT);
kill(tcp->pid, SIGTERM);
}
}
if (cflag)
call_summary(outf);
}
static void
interrupt(sig)
int sig;
{
interrupted = 1;
}
#ifndef HAVE_STRERROR
#if !HAVE_DECL_SYS_ERRLIST
extern int sys_nerr;
extern char *sys_errlist[];
#endif /* HAVE_DECL_SYS_ERRLIST */
const char *
strerror(errno)
int errno;
{
static char buf[64];
if (errno < 1 || errno >= sys_nerr) {
sprintf(buf, "Unknown error %d", errno);
return buf;
}
return sys_errlist[errno];
}
#endif /* HAVE_STERRROR */
#ifndef HAVE_STRSIGNAL
#if defined HAVE_SYS_SIGLIST && !defined HAVE_DECL_SYS_SIGLIST
extern char *sys_siglist[];
#endif
#if defined HAVE_SYS__SIGLIST && !defined HAVE_DECL__SYS_SIGLIST
extern char *_sys_siglist[];
#endif
const char *
strsignal(sig)
int sig;
{
static char buf[64];
if (sig < 1 || sig >= NSIG) {
sprintf(buf, "Unknown signal %d", sig);
return buf;
}
#ifdef HAVE__SYS_SIGLIST
return _sys_siglist[sig];
#else
return sys_siglist[sig];
#endif
}
#endif /* HAVE_STRSIGNAL */
#ifdef USE_PROCFS
static void
rebuild_pollv()
{
int i, j;
if (pollv != NULL)
free (pollv);
pollv = (struct pollfd *) malloc(nprocs * sizeof pollv[0]);
if (pollv == NULL) {
fprintf(stderr, "%s: out of memory\n", progname);
exit(1);
}
for (i = j = 0; i < tcbtabsize; i++) {
struct tcb *tcp = tcbtab[i];
if (!(tcp->flags & TCB_INUSE))
continue;
pollv[j].fd = tcp->pfd;
pollv[j].events = POLLWANT;
j++;
}
if (j != nprocs) {
fprintf(stderr, "strace: proc miscount\n");
exit(1);
}
}
#ifndef HAVE_POLLABLE_PROCFS
static void
proc_poll_open()
{
int i;
if (pipe(proc_poll_pipe) < 0) {
perror("pipe");
exit(1);
}
for (i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
if (set_cloexec_flag(proc_poll_pipe[i]) < 0) {
exit(1);
}
}
}
static int
proc_poll(pollv, nfds, timeout)
struct pollfd *pollv;
int nfds;
int timeout;
{
int i;
int n;
struct proc_pollfd pollinfo;
if ((n = read(proc_poll_pipe[0], &pollinfo, sizeof(pollinfo))) < 0)
return n;
if (n != sizeof(struct proc_pollfd)) {
fprintf(stderr, "panic: short read: %d\n", n);
exit(1);
}
for (i = 0; i < nprocs; i++) {
if (pollv[i].fd == pollinfo.fd)
pollv[i].revents = pollinfo.revents;
else
pollv[i].revents = 0;
}
poller_pid = pollinfo.pid;
return 1;
}
static void
wakeup_handler(sig)
int sig;
{
}
static void
proc_poller(pfd)
int pfd;
{
struct proc_pollfd pollinfo;
struct sigaction sa;
sigset_t blocked_set, empty_set;
int i;
int n;
struct rlimit rl;
#ifdef FREEBSD
struct procfs_status pfs;
#endif /* FREEBSD */
switch (fork()) {
case -1:
perror("fork");
_exit(0);
case 0:
break;
default:
return;
}
sa.sa_handler = interactive ? SIG_DFL : SIG_IGN;
sa.sa_flags = 0;
sigemptyset(&sa.sa_mask);
sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa, NULL);
sigaction(SIGINT, &sa, NULL);
sigaction(SIGQUIT, &sa, NULL);
sigaction(SIGPIPE, &sa, NULL);
sigaction(SIGTERM, &sa, NULL);
sa.sa_handler = wakeup_handler;
sigaction(SIGUSR1, &sa, NULL);
sigemptyset(&blocked_set);
sigaddset(&blocked_set, SIGUSR1);
sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &blocked_set, NULL);
sigemptyset(&empty_set);
if (getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rl) < 0) {
perror("getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, ...)");
_exit(0);
}
n = rl.rlim_cur;
for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
if (i != pfd && i != proc_poll_pipe[1])
close(i);
}
pollinfo.fd = pfd;
pollinfo.pid = getpid();
for (;;) {
#ifndef FREEBSD
if (ioctl(pfd, PIOCWSTOP, NULL) < 0)
#else /* FREEBSD */
if (ioctl(pfd, PIOCWSTOP, &pfs) < 0)
#endif /* FREEBSD */
{
switch (errno) {
case EINTR:
continue;
case EBADF:
pollinfo.revents = POLLERR;
break;
case ENOENT:
pollinfo.revents = POLLHUP;
break;
default:
perror("proc_poller: PIOCWSTOP");
}
write(proc_poll_pipe[1], &pollinfo, sizeof(pollinfo));
_exit(0);
}
pollinfo.revents = POLLWANT;
write(proc_poll_pipe[1], &pollinfo, sizeof(pollinfo));
sigsuspend(&empty_set);
}
}
#endif /* !HAVE_POLLABLE_PROCFS */
static int
choose_pfd()
{
int i, j;
struct tcb *tcp;
static int last;
if (followfork < 2 &&
last < nprocs && (pollv[last].revents & POLLWANT)) {
/*
* The previous process is ready to run again. We'll
* let it do so if it is currently in a syscall. This
* heuristic improves the readability of the trace.
*/
tcp = pfd2tcb(pollv[last].fd);
if (tcp && (tcp->flags & TCB_INSYSCALL))
return pollv[last].fd;
}
for (i = 0; i < nprocs; i++) {
/* Let competing children run round robin. */
j = (i + last + 1) % nprocs;
if (pollv[j].revents & (POLLHUP | POLLERR)) {
tcp = pfd2tcb(pollv[j].fd);
if (!tcp) {
fprintf(stderr, "strace: lost proc\n");
exit(1);
}
droptcb(tcp);
return -1;
}
if (pollv[j].revents & POLLWANT) {
last = j;
return pollv[j].fd;
}
}
fprintf(stderr, "strace: nothing ready\n");
exit(1);
}
static int
trace()
{
#ifdef POLL_HACK
struct tcb *in_syscall = NULL;
#endif
struct tcb *tcp;
int pfd;
int what;
int ioctl_result = 0, ioctl_errno = 0;
long arg;
for (;;) {
if (interactive)
sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &empty_set, NULL);
if (nprocs == 0)
break;
switch (nprocs) {
case 1:
#ifndef HAVE_POLLABLE_PROCFS
if (proc_poll_pipe[0] == -1) {
#endif
tcp = pid2tcb(0);
if (!tcp)
continue;
pfd = tcp->pfd;
if (pfd == -1)
continue;
break;
#ifndef HAVE_POLLABLE_PROCFS
}
/* fall through ... */
#endif /* !HAVE_POLLABLE_PROCFS */
default:
#ifdef HAVE_POLLABLE_PROCFS
#ifdef POLL_HACK
/* On some systems (e.g. UnixWare) we get too much ugly
"unfinished..." stuff when multiple proceses are in
syscalls. Here's a nasty hack */
if (in_syscall) {
struct pollfd pv;
tcp = in_syscall;
in_syscall = NULL;
pv.fd = tcp->pfd;
pv.events = POLLWANT;
if ((what = poll (&pv, 1, 1)) < 0) {
if (interrupted)
return 0;
continue;
}
else if (what == 1 && pv.revents & POLLWANT) {
goto FOUND;
}
}
#endif
if (poll(pollv, nprocs, INFTIM) < 0) {
if (interrupted)
return 0;
continue;
}
#else /* !HAVE_POLLABLE_PROCFS */
if (proc_poll(pollv, nprocs, INFTIM) < 0) {
if (interrupted)
return 0;
continue;
}
#endif /* !HAVE_POLLABLE_PROCFS */
pfd = choose_pfd();
if (pfd == -1)
continue;
break;
}
/* Look up `pfd' in our table. */
if ((tcp = pfd2tcb(pfd)) == NULL) {
fprintf(stderr, "unknown pfd: %u\n", pfd);
exit(1);
}
#ifdef POLL_HACK
FOUND:
#endif
/* Get the status of the process. */
if (!interrupted) {
#ifndef FREEBSD
ioctl_result = IOCTL_WSTOP (tcp);
#else /* FREEBSD */
/* Thanks to some scheduling mystery, the first poller
sometimes waits for the already processed end of fork
event. Doing a non blocking poll here solves the problem. */
if (proc_poll_pipe[0] != -1)
ioctl_result = IOCTL_STATUS (tcp);
else
ioctl_result = IOCTL_WSTOP (tcp);
#endif /* FREEBSD */
ioctl_errno = errno;
#ifndef HAVE_POLLABLE_PROCFS
if (proc_poll_pipe[0] != -1) {
if (ioctl_result < 0)
kill(poller_pid, SIGKILL);
else
kill(poller_pid, SIGUSR1);
}
#endif /* !HAVE_POLLABLE_PROCFS */
}
if (interrupted)
return 0;
if (interactive)
sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &blocked_set, NULL);
if (ioctl_result < 0) {
/* Find out what happened if it failed. */
switch (ioctl_errno) {
case EINTR:
case EBADF:
continue;
#ifdef FREEBSD
case ENOTTY:
#endif
case ENOENT:
droptcb(tcp);
continue;
default:
perror("PIOCWSTOP");
exit(1);
}
}
#ifdef FREEBSD
if ((tcp->flags & TCB_STARTUP) && (tcp->status.PR_WHY == PR_SYSEXIT)) {
/* discard first event for a syscall we never entered */
IOCTL (tcp->pfd, PIOCRUN, 0);
continue;
}
#endif
/* clear the just started flag */
tcp->flags &= ~TCB_STARTUP;
/* set current output file */
outf = tcp->outf;
if (cflag) {
struct timeval stime;
#ifdef FREEBSD
char buf[1024];
int len;
if ((len = pread(tcp->pfd_status, buf, sizeof(buf) - 1, 0)) > 0) {
buf[len] = '\0';
sscanf(buf,
"%*s %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d,%*d %*s %*d,%*d %*d,%*d %ld,%ld",
&stime.tv_sec, &stime.tv_usec);
} else
stime.tv_sec = stime.tv_usec = 0;
#else /* !FREEBSD */
stime.tv_sec = tcp->status.pr_stime.tv_sec;
stime.tv_usec = tcp->status.pr_stime.tv_nsec/1000;
#endif /* !FREEBSD */
tv_sub(&tcp->dtime, &stime, &tcp->stime);
tcp->stime = stime;
}
what = tcp->status.PR_WHAT;
switch (tcp->status.PR_WHY) {
#ifndef FREEBSD
case PR_REQUESTED:
if (tcp->status.PR_FLAGS & PR_ASLEEP) {
tcp->status.PR_WHY = PR_SYSENTRY;
if (trace_syscall(tcp) < 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "syscall trouble\n");
exit(1);
}
}
break;
#endif /* !FREEBSD */
case PR_SYSENTRY:
#ifdef POLL_HACK
in_syscall = tcp;
#endif
case PR_SYSEXIT:
if (trace_syscall(tcp) < 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "syscall trouble\n");
exit(1);
}
break;
case PR_SIGNALLED:
if (!cflag && (qual_flags[what] & QUAL_SIGNAL)) {
printleader(tcp);
tprintf("--- %s (%s) ---",
signame(what), strsignal(what));
printtrailer(tcp);
#ifdef PR_INFO
if (tcp->status.PR_INFO.si_signo == what) {
printleader(tcp);
tprintf(" siginfo=");
printsiginfo(&tcp->status.PR_INFO, 1);
printtrailer(tcp);
}
#endif
}
break;
case PR_FAULTED:
if (!cflag && (qual_flags[what] & QUAL_FAULT)) {
printleader(tcp);
tprintf("=== FAULT %d ===", what);
printtrailer(tcp);
}
break;
#ifdef FREEBSD
case 0: /* handle case we polled for nothing */
continue;
#endif
default:
fprintf(stderr, "odd stop %d\n", tcp->status.PR_WHY);
exit(1);
break;
}
arg = 0;
#ifndef FREEBSD
if (IOCTL (tcp->pfd, PIOCRUN, &arg) < 0) {
#else
if (IOCTL (tcp->pfd, PIOCRUN, 0) < 0) {
#endif
perror("PIOCRUN");
exit(1);
}
}
return 0;
}
#else /* !USE_PROCFS */
#ifdef TCB_GROUP_EXITING
/* Handle an exit detach or death signal that is taking all the
related clone threads with it. This is called in three circumstances:
SIG == -1 TCP has already died (TCB_ATTACHED is clear, strace is parent).
SIG == 0 Continuing TCP will perform an exit_group syscall.
SIG == other Continuing TCP with SIG will kill the process.
*/
static int
handle_group_exit(struct tcb *tcp, int sig)
{
/* We need to locate our records of all the clone threads
related to TCP, either its children or siblings. */
struct tcb *leader = ((tcp->flags & TCB_CLONE_THREAD)
? tcp->parent
: tcp->nclone_detached > 0
? tcp : NULL);
if (sig < 0) {
if (leader != NULL && leader != tcp &&
!(leader->flags & TCB_GROUP_EXITING))
fprintf(stderr,
"PANIC: handle_group_exit: %d leader %d\n",
tcp->pid, leader ? leader->pid : -1);
/* TCP no longer exists therefore you must not detach () it. */
#ifndef USE_PROCFS
resume_from_tcp (tcp);
#endif
droptcb(tcp); /* Already died. */
}
else {
/* Mark that we are taking the process down. */
tcp->flags |= TCB_EXITING | TCB_GROUP_EXITING;
if (tcp->flags & TCB_ATTACHED) {
detach(tcp, sig);
if (leader != NULL && leader != tcp)
leader->flags |= TCB_GROUP_EXITING;
}
else if (ptrace(PTRACE_CONT, tcp->pid, (char *) 1, sig) < 0) {
perror("strace: ptrace(PTRACE_CONT, ...)");
cleanup();
return -1;
}
else {
if (leader != NULL)
leader->flags |= TCB_GROUP_EXITING;
if (leader != NULL && leader != tcp)
droptcb(tcp);
/* The leader will report to us as parent now,
and then we'll get to the SIG==-1 case. */
return 0;
}
}
return 0;
}
#endif
static int
trace()
{
int pid;
int wait_errno;
int status;
struct tcb *tcp;
#ifdef LINUX
struct rusage ru;
#ifdef __WALL
static int wait4_options = __WALL;
#endif
#endif /* LINUX */
while (nprocs != 0) {
if (interrupted)
return 0;
if (interactive)
sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &empty_set, NULL);
#ifdef LINUX
#ifdef __WALL
pid = wait4(-1, &status, wait4_options, cflag ? &ru : NULL);
if (pid < 0 && (wait4_options & __WALL) && errno == EINVAL) {
/* this kernel does not support __WALL */
wait4_options &= ~__WALL;
errno = 0;
pid = wait4(-1, &status, wait4_options,
cflag ? &ru : NULL);
}
if (pid < 0 && !(wait4_options & __WALL) && errno == ECHILD) {
/* most likely a "cloned" process */
pid = wait4(-1, &status, __WCLONE,
cflag ? &ru : NULL);
if (pid == -1) {
fprintf(stderr, "strace: clone wait4 "
"failed: %s\n", strerror(errno));
}
}
#else
pid = wait4(-1, &status, 0, cflag ? &ru : NULL);
#endif /* __WALL */
#endif /* LINUX */
#ifdef SUNOS4
pid = wait(&status);
#endif /* SUNOS4 */
wait_errno = errno;
if (interactive)
sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &blocked_set, NULL);
if (pid == -1) {
switch (wait_errno) {
case EINTR:
continue;
case ECHILD:
/*
* We would like to verify this case
* but sometimes a race in Solbourne's
* version of SunOS sometimes reports
* ECHILD before sending us SIGCHILD.
*/
#if 0
if (nprocs == 0)
return 0;
fprintf(stderr, "strace: proc miscount\n");
exit(1);
#endif
return 0;
default:
errno = wait_errno;
perror("strace: wait");
return -1;
}
}
if (pid == popen_pid) {
if (WIFEXITED(status) || WIFSIGNALED(status))
popen_pid = -1;
continue;
}
if (debug)
fprintf(stderr, " [wait(%#x) = %u]\n", status, pid);
/* Look up `pid' in our table. */
if ((tcp = pid2tcb(pid)) == NULL) {
#ifdef LINUX
if (followfork) {
/* This is needed to go with the CLONE_PTRACE
changes in process.c/util.c: we might see
the child's initial trap before we see the
parent return from the clone syscall.
Leave the child suspended until the parent
returns from its system call. Only then
will we have the association of parent and
child so that we know how to do clearbpt
in the child. */
if (nprocs == tcbtabsize &&
expand_tcbtab())
tcp = NULL;
else
tcp = alloctcb(pid);
if (tcp == NULL) {
kill(pid, SIGKILL); /* XXX */
return 0;
}
tcp->flags |= TCB_ATTACHED | TCB_SUSPENDED;
if (!qflag)
fprintf(stderr, "\
Process %d attached (waiting for parent)\n",
pid);
}
else
/* This can happen if a clone call used
CLONE_PTRACE itself. */
#endif
{
fprintf(stderr, "unknown pid: %u\n", pid);
if (WIFSTOPPED(status))
ptrace(PTRACE_CONT, pid, (char *) 1, 0);
exit(1);
}
}
/* set current output file */
outf = tcp->outf;
if (cflag) {
#ifdef LINUX
tv_sub(&tcp->dtime, &ru.ru_stime, &tcp->stime);
tcp->stime = ru.ru_stime;
#endif /* !LINUX */
}
if (tcp->flags & TCB_SUSPENDED) {
/*
* Apparently, doing any ptrace() call on a stopped
* process, provokes the kernel to report the process
* status again on a subsequent wait(), even if the
* process has not been actually restarted.
* Since we have inspected the arguments of suspended
* processes we end up here testing for this case.
*/
continue;
}
if (WIFSIGNALED(status)) {
if (!cflag
&& (qual_flags[WTERMSIG(status)] & QUAL_SIGNAL)) {
printleader(tcp);
tprintf("+++ killed by %s %s+++",
signame(WTERMSIG(status)),
#ifdef WCOREDUMP
WCOREDUMP(status) ? "(core dumped) " :
#endif
"");
printtrailer(tcp);
}
#ifdef TCB_GROUP_EXITING
handle_group_exit(tcp, -1);
#else
droptcb(tcp);
#endif
continue;
}
if (WIFEXITED(status)) {
if (debug)
fprintf(stderr, "pid %u exited\n", pid);
if ((tcp->flags & TCB_ATTACHED)
#ifdef TCB_GROUP_EXITING
&& !(tcp->parent && (tcp->parent->flags &
TCB_GROUP_EXITING))
&& !(tcp->flags & TCB_GROUP_EXITING)
#endif
)
fprintf(stderr,
"PANIC: attached pid %u exited\n",
pid);
if (tcp == tcp_last) {
if ((tcp->flags & (TCB_INSYSCALL|TCB_REPRINT))
== TCB_INSYSCALL)
tprintf(" <unfinished ... exit status %d>\n",
WEXITSTATUS(status));
tcp_last = NULL;
}
#ifdef TCB_GROUP_EXITING
handle_group_exit(tcp, -1);
#else
droptcb(tcp);
#endif
continue;
}
if (!WIFSTOPPED(status)) {
fprintf(stderr, "PANIC: pid %u not stopped\n", pid);
droptcb(tcp);
continue;
}
if (debug)
fprintf(stderr, "pid %u stopped, [%s]\n",
pid, signame(WSTOPSIG(status)));
/*
* Interestingly, the process may stop
* with STOPSIG equal to some other signal
* than SIGSTOP if we happend to attach
* just before the process takes a signal.
*/
if ((tcp->flags & TCB_STARTUP) && WSTOPSIG(status) == SIGSTOP) {
/*
* This flag is there to keep us in sync.
* Next time this process stops it should
* really be entering a system call.
*/
tcp->flags &= ~TCB_STARTUP;
if (tcp->flags & TCB_BPTSET) {
/*
* One example is a breakpoint inherited from
* parent through fork ().
*/
if (clearbpt(tcp) < 0) /* Pretty fatal */ {
droptcb(tcp);
cleanup();
return -1;
}
}
goto tracing;
}
if (WSTOPSIG(status) != SIGTRAP) {
if (WSTOPSIG(status) == SIGSTOP &&
(tcp->flags & TCB_SIGTRAPPED)) {
/*
* Trapped attempt to block SIGTRAP
* Hope we are back in control now.
*/
tcp->flags &= ~(TCB_INSYSCALL | TCB_SIGTRAPPED);
if (ptrace(PTRACE_SYSCALL,
pid, (char *) 1, 0) < 0) {
perror("trace: ptrace(PTRACE_SYSCALL, ...)");
cleanup();
return -1;
}
continue;
}
if (!cflag
&& (qual_flags[WSTOPSIG(status)] & QUAL_SIGNAL)) {
unsigned long addr = 0, pc = 0;
#if defined(PT_CR_IPSR) && defined(PT_CR_IIP) && defined(PT_GETSIGINFO)
# define PSR_RI 41
struct siginfo si;
unsigned long psr;
upeek(pid, PT_CR_IPSR, &psr);
upeek(pid, PT_CR_IIP, &pc);
pc += (psr >> PSR_RI) & 0x3;
ptrace(PT_GETSIGINFO, pid, 0, (long) &si);
addr = (unsigned long) si.si_addr;
#elif defined PTRACE_GETSIGINFO
if (WSTOPSIG(status) == SIGSEGV ||
WSTOPSIG(status) == SIGBUS) {
siginfo_t si;
if (ptrace(PTRACE_GETSIGINFO, pid,
0, &si) == 0)
addr = (unsigned long)
si.si_addr;
}
#endif
printleader(tcp);
tprintf("--- %s (%s) @ %lx (%lx) ---",
signame(WSTOPSIG(status)),
strsignal(WSTOPSIG(status)), pc, addr);
printtrailer(tcp);
}
if (((tcp->flags & TCB_ATTACHED) ||
tcp->nclone_threads > 0) &&
!sigishandled(tcp, WSTOPSIG(status))) {
#ifdef TCB_GROUP_EXITING
handle_group_exit(tcp, WSTOPSIG(status));
#else
detach(tcp, WSTOPSIG(status));
#endif
continue;
}
if (ptrace(PTRACE_SYSCALL, pid, (char *) 1,
WSTOPSIG(status)) < 0) {
perror("trace: ptrace(PTRACE_SYSCALL, ...)");
cleanup();
return -1;
}
tcp->flags &= ~TCB_SUSPENDED;
continue;
}
/* we handled the STATUS, we are permitted to interrupt now. */
if (interrupted)
return 0;
if (trace_syscall(tcp) < 0) {
if (tcp->flags & TCB_ATTACHED)
detach(tcp, 0);
else {
ptrace(PTRACE_KILL,
tcp->pid, (char *) 1, SIGTERM);
droptcb(tcp);
}
continue;
}
if (tcp->flags & TCB_EXITING) {
#ifdef TCB_GROUP_EXITING
if (tcp->flags & TCB_GROUP_EXITING) {
if (handle_group_exit(tcp, 0) < 0)
return -1;
continue;
}
#endif
if (tcp->flags & TCB_ATTACHED)
detach(tcp, 0);
else if (ptrace(PTRACE_CONT, pid, (char *) 1, 0) < 0) {
perror("strace: ptrace(PTRACE_CONT, ...)");
cleanup();
return -1;
}
continue;
}
if (tcp->flags & TCB_SUSPENDED) {
if (!qflag)
fprintf(stderr, "Process %u suspended\n", pid);
continue;
}
tracing:
if (ptrace(PTRACE_SYSCALL, pid, (char *) 1, 0) < 0) {
perror("trace: ptrace(PTRACE_SYSCALL, ...)");
cleanup();
return -1;
}
}
return 0;
}
#endif /* !USE_PROCFS */
static int curcol;
#ifdef __STDC__
#include <stdarg.h>
#define VA_START(a, b) va_start(a, b)
#else
#include <varargs.h>
#define VA_START(a, b) va_start(a)
#endif
void
#ifdef __STDC__
tprintf(const char *fmt, ...)
#else
tprintf(fmt, va_alist)
char *fmt;
va_dcl
#endif
{
va_list args;
VA_START(args, fmt);
if (outf) {
int n = vfprintf(outf, fmt, args);
if (n < 0 && outf != stderr)
perror(outfname == NULL
? "<writing to pipe>" : outfname);
else
curcol += n;
}
va_end(args);
return;
}
void
printleader(tcp)
struct tcb *tcp;
{
if (tcp_last && (!outfname || followfork < 2 || tcp_last == tcp)) {
tcp_last->flags |= TCB_REPRINT;
tprintf(" <unfinished ...>\n");
}
curcol = 0;
if ((followfork == 1 || pflag_seen > 1) && outfname)
tprintf("%-5d ", tcp->pid);
else if (nprocs > 1 && !outfname)
tprintf("[pid %5u] ", tcp->pid);
if (tflag) {
char str[sizeof("HH:MM:SS")];
struct timeval tv, dtv;
static struct timeval otv;
gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
if (rflag) {
if (otv.tv_sec == 0)
otv = tv;
tv_sub(&dtv, &tv, &otv);
tprintf("%6ld.%06ld ",
(long) dtv.tv_sec, (long) dtv.tv_usec);
otv = tv;
}
else if (tflag > 2) {
tprintf("%ld.%06ld ",
(long) tv.tv_sec, (long) tv.tv_usec);
}
else {
time_t local = tv.tv_sec;
strftime(str, sizeof(str), "%T", localtime(&local));
if (tflag > 1)
tprintf("%s.%06ld ", str, (long) tv.tv_usec);
else
tprintf("%s ", str);
}
}
if (iflag)
printcall(tcp);
}
void
tabto(col)
int col;
{
if (curcol < col)
tprintf("%*s", col - curcol, "");
}
void
printtrailer(tcp)
struct tcb *tcp;
{
tprintf("\n");
tcp_last = NULL;
}
#ifdef HAVE_MP_PROCFS
int mp_ioctl (int fd, int cmd, void *arg, int size) {
struct iovec iov[2];
int n = 1;
iov[0].iov_base = &cmd;
iov[0].iov_len = sizeof cmd;
if (arg) {
++n;
iov[1].iov_base = arg;
iov[1].iov_len = size;
}
return writev (fd, iov, n);
}
#endif
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