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<previous description obsolete, deleted>
Virtual memory map with 4 level page tables:
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0000000000000000 - 00007fffffffffff (=47 bits) user space, different per mm
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hole caused by [48:63] sign extension
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ffff800000000000 - ffff80ffffffffff (=40 bits) guard hole
ffff810000000000 - ffffc0ffffffffff (=46 bits) direct mapping of all phys. memory
ffffc10000000000 - ffffc1ffffffffff (=40 bits) hole
ffffc20000000000 - ffffe1ffffffffff (=45 bits) vmalloc/ioremap space
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ffffe20000000000 - ffffe2ffffffffff (=40 bits) virtual memory map (1TB)
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... unused hole ...
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ffffffff80000000 - ffffffffa0000000 (=512 MB) kernel text mapping, from phys 0
ffffffffa0000000 - fffffffffff00000 (=1536 MB) module mapping space
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The direct mapping covers all memory in the system up to the highest
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memory address (this means in some cases it can also include PCI memory
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holes).
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vmalloc space is lazily synchronized into the different PML4 pages of
the processes using the page fault handler, with init_level4_pgt as
reference.
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Current X86-64 implementations only support 40 bits of address space,
but we support up to 46 bits. This expands into MBZ space in the page tables.
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-Andi Kleen, Jul 2004