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linux/fs/debugfs/internal.h

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debugfs: add SPDX identifiers to all debugfs files It's good to have SPDX identifiers in all files to make it easier to audit the kernel tree for correct licenses. Update the debugfs files files with the correct SPDX license identifier based on the license text in the file itself. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text. This work is based on a script and data from Thomas Gleixner, Philippe Ombredanne, and Kate Stewart. Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org> Cc: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com> Cc: Nicolai Stange <nicstange@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2017-11-07 18:59:23 +03:00
// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
debugfs: prevent access to possibly dead file_operations at file open Nothing prevents a dentry found by path lookup before a return of __debugfs_remove() to actually get opened after that return. Now, after the return of __debugfs_remove(), there are no guarantees whatsoever regarding the memory the corresponding inode's file_operations object had been kept in. Since __debugfs_remove() is seldomly invoked, usually from module exit handlers only, the race is hard to trigger and the impact is very low. A discussion of the problem outlined above as well as a suggested solution can be found in the (sub-)thread rooted at http://lkml.kernel.org/g/20130401203445.GA20862@ZenIV.linux.org.uk ("Yet another pipe related oops.") Basically, Greg KH suggests to introduce an intermediate fops and Al Viro points out that a pointer to the original ones may be stored in ->d_fsdata. Follow this line of reasoning: - Add SRCU as a reverse dependency of DEBUG_FS. - Introduce a srcu_struct object for the debugfs subsystem. - In debugfs_create_file(), store a pointer to the original file_operations object in ->d_fsdata. - Make debugfs_remove() and debugfs_remove_recursive() wait for a SRCU grace period after the dentry has been delete()'d and before they return to their callers. - Introduce an intermediate file_operations object named "debugfs_open_proxy_file_operations". It's ->open() functions checks, under the protection of a SRCU read lock, whether the dentry is still alive, i.e. has not been d_delete()'d and if so, tries to acquire a reference on the owning module. On success, it sets the file object's ->f_op to the original file_operations and forwards the ongoing open() call to the original ->open(). - For clarity, rename the former debugfs_file_operations to debugfs_noop_file_operations -- they are in no way canonical. The choice of SRCU over "normal" RCU is justified by the fact, that the former may also be used to protect ->i_private data from going away during the execution of a file's readers and writers which may (and do) sleep. Finally, introduce the fs/debugfs/internal.h header containing some declarations internal to the debugfs implementation. Signed-off-by: Nicolai Stange <nicstange@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2016-03-22 16:11:13 +03:00
/*
* internal.h - declarations internal to debugfs
*
* Copyright (C) 2016 Nicolai Stange <nicstange@gmail.com>
*/
#ifndef _DEBUGFS_INTERNAL_H_
#define _DEBUGFS_INTERNAL_H_
struct file_operations;
/* declared over in file.c */
extern const struct file_operations debugfs_noop_file_operations;
extern const struct file_operations debugfs_open_proxy_file_operations;
debugfs: prevent access to removed files' private data Upon return of debugfs_remove()/debugfs_remove_recursive(), it might still be attempted to access associated private file data through previously opened struct file objects. If that data has been freed by the caller of debugfs_remove*() in the meanwhile, the reading/writing process would either encounter a fault or, if the memory address in question has been reassigned again, unrelated data structures could get overwritten. However, since debugfs files are seldomly removed, usually from module exit handlers only, the impact is very low. Currently, there are ~1000 call sites of debugfs_create_file() spread throughout the whole tree and touching all of those struct file_operations in order to make them file removal aware by means of checking the result of debugfs_use_file_start() from within their methods is unfeasible. Instead, wrap the struct file_operations by a lifetime managing proxy at file open: - In debugfs_create_file(), the original fops handed in has got stashed away in ->d_fsdata already. - In debugfs_create_file(), install a proxy file_operations factory, debugfs_full_proxy_file_operations, at ->i_fop. This proxy factory has got an ->open() method only. It carries out some lifetime checks and if successful, dynamically allocates and sets up a new struct file_operations proxy at ->f_op. Afterwards, it forwards to the ->open() of the original struct file_operations in ->d_fsdata, if any. The dynamically set up proxy at ->f_op has got a lifetime managing wrapper set for each of the methods defined in the original struct file_operations in ->d_fsdata. Its ->release()er frees the proxy again and forwards to the original ->release(), if any. In order not to mislead the VFS layer, it is strictly necessary to leave those fields blank in the proxy that have been NULL in the original struct file_operations also, i.e. aren't supported. This is why there is a need for dynamically allocated proxies. The choice made not to allocate a proxy instance for every dentry at file creation, but for every struct file object instantiated thereof is justified by the expected usage pattern of debugfs, namely that in general very few files get opened more than once at a time. The wrapper methods set in the struct file_operations implement lifetime managing by means of the SRCU protection facilities already in place for debugfs: They set up a SRCU read side critical section and check whether the dentry is still alive by means of debugfs_use_file_start(). If so, they forward the call to the original struct file_operation stored in ->d_fsdata, still under the protection of the SRCU read side critical section. This SRCU read side critical section prevents any pending debugfs_remove() and friends to return to their callers. Since a file's private data must only be freed after the return of debugfs_remove(), the ongoing proxied call is guarded against any file removal race. If, on the other hand, the initial call to debugfs_use_file_start() detects that the dentry is dead, the wrapper simply returns -EIO and does not forward the call. Note that the ->poll() wrapper is special in that its signature does not allow for the return of arbitrary -EXXX values and thus, POLLHUP is returned here. In order not to pollute debugfs with wrapper definitions that aren't ever needed, I chose not to define a wrapper for every struct file_operations method possible. Instead, a wrapper is defined only for the subset of methods which are actually set by any debugfs users. Currently, these are: ->llseek() ->read() ->write() ->unlocked_ioctl() ->poll() The ->release() wrapper is special in that it does not protect the original ->release() in any way from dead files in order not to leak resources. Thus, any ->release() handed to debugfs must implement file lifetime management manually, if needed. For only 33 out of a total of 434 releasers handed in to debugfs, it could not be verified immediately whether they access data structures that might have been freed upon a debugfs_remove() return in the meanwhile. Export debugfs_use_file_start() and debugfs_use_file_finish() in order to allow any ->release() to manually implement file lifetime management. For a set of common cases of struct file_operations implemented by the debugfs_core itself, future patches will incorporate file lifetime management directly within those in order to allow for their unproxied operation. Rename the original, non-proxying "debugfs_create_file()" to "debugfs_create_file_unsafe()" and keep it for future internal use by debugfs itself. Factor out code common to both into the new __debugfs_create_file(). Signed-off-by: Nicolai Stange <nicstange@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2016-03-22 16:11:14 +03:00
extern const struct file_operations debugfs_full_proxy_file_operations;
debugfs: prevent access to possibly dead file_operations at file open Nothing prevents a dentry found by path lookup before a return of __debugfs_remove() to actually get opened after that return. Now, after the return of __debugfs_remove(), there are no guarantees whatsoever regarding the memory the corresponding inode's file_operations object had been kept in. Since __debugfs_remove() is seldomly invoked, usually from module exit handlers only, the race is hard to trigger and the impact is very low. A discussion of the problem outlined above as well as a suggested solution can be found in the (sub-)thread rooted at http://lkml.kernel.org/g/20130401203445.GA20862@ZenIV.linux.org.uk ("Yet another pipe related oops.") Basically, Greg KH suggests to introduce an intermediate fops and Al Viro points out that a pointer to the original ones may be stored in ->d_fsdata. Follow this line of reasoning: - Add SRCU as a reverse dependency of DEBUG_FS. - Introduce a srcu_struct object for the debugfs subsystem. - In debugfs_create_file(), store a pointer to the original file_operations object in ->d_fsdata. - Make debugfs_remove() and debugfs_remove_recursive() wait for a SRCU grace period after the dentry has been delete()'d and before they return to their callers. - Introduce an intermediate file_operations object named "debugfs_open_proxy_file_operations". It's ->open() functions checks, under the protection of a SRCU read lock, whether the dentry is still alive, i.e. has not been d_delete()'d and if so, tries to acquire a reference on the owning module. On success, it sets the file object's ->f_op to the original file_operations and forwards the ongoing open() call to the original ->open(). - For clarity, rename the former debugfs_file_operations to debugfs_noop_file_operations -- they are in no way canonical. The choice of SRCU over "normal" RCU is justified by the fact, that the former may also be used to protect ->i_private data from going away during the execution of a file's readers and writers which may (and do) sleep. Finally, introduce the fs/debugfs/internal.h header containing some declarations internal to the debugfs implementation. Signed-off-by: Nicolai Stange <nicstange@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2016-03-22 16:11:13 +03:00
debugfs: add support for more elaborate ->d_fsdata Currently, the user provided fops, "real_fops", are stored directly into ->d_fsdata. In order to be able to store more per-file state and thus prepare for more granular file removal protection, wrap the real_fops into a dynamically allocated container struct, debugfs_fsdata. A struct debugfs_fsdata gets allocated at file creation and freed from the newly intoduced ->d_release(). Finally, move the implementation of debugfs_real_fops() out of the public debugfs header such that struct debugfs_fsdata's declaration can be kept private. Signed-off-by: Nicolai Stange <nicstange@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2017-10-31 02:15:47 +03:00
struct debugfs_fsdata {
const struct file_operations *real_fops;
debugfs: implement per-file removal protection Since commit 49d200deaa68 ("debugfs: prevent access to removed files' private data"), accesses to a file's private data are protected from concurrent removal by covering all file_operations with a SRCU read section and sychronizing with those before returning from debugfs_remove() by means of synchronize_srcu(). As pointed out by Johannes Berg, there are debugfs files with forever blocking file_operations. Their corresponding SRCU read side sections would block any debugfs_remove() forever as well, even unrelated ones. This results in a livelock. Because a remover can't cancel any indefinite blocking within foreign files, this is a problem. Resolve this by introducing support for more granular protection on a per-file basis. This is implemented by introducing an 'active_users' refcount_t to the per-file struct debugfs_fsdata state. At file creation time, it is set to one and a debugfs_remove() will drop that initial reference. The new debugfs_file_get() and debugfs_file_put(), intended to be used in place of former debugfs_use_file_start() and debugfs_use_file_finish(), increment and decrement it respectively. Once the count drops to zero, debugfs_file_put() will signal a completion which is possibly being waited for from debugfs_remove(). Thus, as long as there is a debugfs_file_get() not yet matched by a corresponding debugfs_file_put() around, debugfs_remove() will block. Actual users of debugfs_use_file_start() and -finish() will get converted to the new debugfs_file_get() and debugfs_file_put() by followup patches. Fixes: 49d200deaa68 ("debugfs: prevent access to removed files' private data") Reported-by: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net> Signed-off-by: Nicolai Stange <nicstange@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2017-10-31 02:15:48 +03:00
refcount_t active_users;
struct completion active_users_drained;
debugfs: add support for more elaborate ->d_fsdata Currently, the user provided fops, "real_fops", are stored directly into ->d_fsdata. In order to be able to store more per-file state and thus prepare for more granular file removal protection, wrap the real_fops into a dynamically allocated container struct, debugfs_fsdata. A struct debugfs_fsdata gets allocated at file creation and freed from the newly intoduced ->d_release(). Finally, move the implementation of debugfs_real_fops() out of the public debugfs header such that struct debugfs_fsdata's declaration can be kept private. Signed-off-by: Nicolai Stange <nicstange@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2017-10-31 02:15:47 +03:00
};
debugfs: defer debugfs_fsdata allocation to first usage Currently, __debugfs_create_file allocates one struct debugfs_fsdata instance for every file created. However, there are potentially many debugfs file around, most of which are never touched by userspace. Thus, defer the allocations to the first usage, i.e. to the first debugfs_file_get(). A dentry's ->d_fsdata starts out to point to the "real", user provided fops. After a debugfs_fsdata instance has been allocated (and the real fops pointer has been moved over into its ->real_fops member), ->d_fsdata is changed to point to it from then on. The two cases are distinguished by setting BIT(0) for the real fops case. struct debugfs_fsdata's foremost purpose is to track active users and to make debugfs_remove() block until they are done. Since no debugfs_fsdata instance means no active users, make debugfs_remove() return immediately in this case. Take care of possible races between debugfs_file_get() and debugfs_remove(): either debugfs_remove() must see a debugfs_fsdata instance and thus wait for possible active users or debugfs_file_get() must see a dead dentry and return immediately. Make a dentry's ->d_release(), i.e. debugfs_release_dentry(), check whether ->d_fsdata is actually a debugfs_fsdata instance before kfree()ing it. Similarly, make debugfs_real_fops() check whether ->d_fsdata is actually a debugfs_fsdata instance before returning it, otherwise emit a warning. The set of possible error codes returned from debugfs_file_get() has grown from -EIO to -EIO and -ENOMEM. Make open_proxy_open() and full_proxy_open() pass the -ENOMEM onwards to their callers. Signed-off-by: Nicolai Stange <nicstange@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2017-10-31 02:15:54 +03:00
/*
* A dentry's ->d_fsdata either points to the real fops or to a
* dynamically allocated debugfs_fsdata instance.
* In order to distinguish between these two cases, a real fops
* pointer gets its lowest bit set.
*/
#define DEBUGFS_FSDATA_IS_REAL_FOPS_BIT BIT(0)
debugfs: prevent access to possibly dead file_operations at file open Nothing prevents a dentry found by path lookup before a return of __debugfs_remove() to actually get opened after that return. Now, after the return of __debugfs_remove(), there are no guarantees whatsoever regarding the memory the corresponding inode's file_operations object had been kept in. Since __debugfs_remove() is seldomly invoked, usually from module exit handlers only, the race is hard to trigger and the impact is very low. A discussion of the problem outlined above as well as a suggested solution can be found in the (sub-)thread rooted at http://lkml.kernel.org/g/20130401203445.GA20862@ZenIV.linux.org.uk ("Yet another pipe related oops.") Basically, Greg KH suggests to introduce an intermediate fops and Al Viro points out that a pointer to the original ones may be stored in ->d_fsdata. Follow this line of reasoning: - Add SRCU as a reverse dependency of DEBUG_FS. - Introduce a srcu_struct object for the debugfs subsystem. - In debugfs_create_file(), store a pointer to the original file_operations object in ->d_fsdata. - Make debugfs_remove() and debugfs_remove_recursive() wait for a SRCU grace period after the dentry has been delete()'d and before they return to their callers. - Introduce an intermediate file_operations object named "debugfs_open_proxy_file_operations". It's ->open() functions checks, under the protection of a SRCU read lock, whether the dentry is still alive, i.e. has not been d_delete()'d and if so, tries to acquire a reference on the owning module. On success, it sets the file object's ->f_op to the original file_operations and forwards the ongoing open() call to the original ->open(). - For clarity, rename the former debugfs_file_operations to debugfs_noop_file_operations -- they are in no way canonical. The choice of SRCU over "normal" RCU is justified by the fact, that the former may also be used to protect ->i_private data from going away during the execution of a file's readers and writers which may (and do) sleep. Finally, introduce the fs/debugfs/internal.h header containing some declarations internal to the debugfs implementation. Signed-off-by: Nicolai Stange <nicstange@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2016-03-22 16:11:13 +03:00
#endif /* _DEBUGFS_INTERNAL_H_ */
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