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# Some of the tools (perf) use same make variables
# as in kernel build.
export srctree =
export objtree =
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i n c l u d e s c r i p t s / M a k e f i l e . i n c l u d e
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help :
@echo 'Possible targets:'
@echo ''
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@echo ' acpi - ACPI tools'
@echo ' cgroup - cgroup tools'
@echo ' cpupower - a tool for all things x86 CPU power'
@echo ' firewire - the userspace part of nosy, an IEEE-1394 traffic sniffer'
@echo ' freefall - laptop accelerometer program for disk protection'
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@echo ' gpio - GPIO tools'
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@echo ' hv - tools used when in Hyper-V clients'
@echo ' iio - IIO tools'
2016-05-18 14:26:21 +03:00
@echo ' kvm_stat - top-like utility for displaying kvm statistics'
2016-09-16 22:16:50 +03:00
@echo ' leds - LEDs tools'
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@echo ' lguest - a minimal 32-bit x86 hypervisor'
@echo ' net - misc networking tools'
@echo ' perf - Linux performance measurement and analysis tool'
@echo ' selftests - various kernel selftests'
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@echo ' spi - spi tools'
objtool: Add tool to perform compile-time stack metadata validation
This adds a host tool named objtool which has a "check" subcommand which
analyzes .o files to ensure the validity of stack metadata. It enforces
a set of rules on asm code and C inline assembly code so that stack
traces can be reliable.
For each function, it recursively follows all possible code paths and
validates the correct frame pointer state at each instruction.
It also follows code paths involving kernel special sections, like
.altinstructions, __jump_table, and __ex_table, which can add
alternative execution paths to a given instruction (or set of
instructions). Similarly, it knows how to follow switch statements, for
which gcc sometimes uses jump tables.
Here are some of the benefits of validating stack metadata:
a) More reliable stack traces for frame pointer enabled kernels
Frame pointers are used for debugging purposes. They allow runtime
code and debug tools to be able to walk the stack to determine the
chain of function call sites that led to the currently executing
code.
For some architectures, frame pointers are enabled by
CONFIG_FRAME_POINTER. For some other architectures they may be
required by the ABI (sometimes referred to as "backchain pointers").
For C code, gcc automatically generates instructions for setting up
frame pointers when the -fno-omit-frame-pointer option is used.
But for asm code, the frame setup instructions have to be written by
hand, which most people don't do. So the end result is that
CONFIG_FRAME_POINTER is honored for C code but not for most asm code.
For stack traces based on frame pointers to be reliable, all
functions which call other functions must first create a stack frame
and update the frame pointer. If a first function doesn't properly
create a stack frame before calling a second function, the *caller*
of the first function will be skipped on the stack trace.
For example, consider the following example backtrace with frame
pointers enabled:
[<ffffffff81812584>] dump_stack+0x4b/0x63
[<ffffffff812d6dc2>] cmdline_proc_show+0x12/0x30
[<ffffffff8127f568>] seq_read+0x108/0x3e0
[<ffffffff812cce62>] proc_reg_read+0x42/0x70
[<ffffffff81256197>] __vfs_read+0x37/0x100
[<ffffffff81256b16>] vfs_read+0x86/0x130
[<ffffffff81257898>] SyS_read+0x58/0xd0
[<ffffffff8181c1f2>] entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath+0x12/0x76
It correctly shows that the caller of cmdline_proc_show() is
seq_read().
If we remove the frame pointer logic from cmdline_proc_show() by
replacing the frame pointer related instructions with nops, here's
what it looks like instead:
[<ffffffff81812584>] dump_stack+0x4b/0x63
[<ffffffff812d6dc2>] cmdline_proc_show+0x12/0x30
[<ffffffff812cce62>] proc_reg_read+0x42/0x70
[<ffffffff81256197>] __vfs_read+0x37/0x100
[<ffffffff81256b16>] vfs_read+0x86/0x130
[<ffffffff81257898>] SyS_read+0x58/0xd0
[<ffffffff8181c1f2>] entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath+0x12/0x76
Notice that cmdline_proc_show()'s caller, seq_read(), has been
skipped. Instead the stack trace seems to show that
cmdline_proc_show() was called by proc_reg_read().
The benefit of "objtool check" here is that because it ensures that
*all* functions honor CONFIG_FRAME_POINTER, no functions will ever[*]
be skipped on a stack trace.
[*] unless an interrupt or exception has occurred at the very
beginning of a function before the stack frame has been created,
or at the very end of the function after the stack frame has been
destroyed. This is an inherent limitation of frame pointers.
b) 100% reliable stack traces for DWARF enabled kernels
This is not yet implemented. For more details about what is planned,
see tools/objtool/Documentation/stack-validation.txt.
c) Higher live patching compatibility rate
This is not yet implemented. For more details about what is planned,
see tools/objtool/Documentation/stack-validation.txt.
To achieve the validation, "objtool check" enforces the following rules:
1. Each callable function must be annotated as such with the ELF
function type. In asm code, this is typically done using the
ENTRY/ENDPROC macros. If objtool finds a return instruction
outside of a function, it flags an error since that usually indicates
callable code which should be annotated accordingly.
This rule is needed so that objtool can properly identify each
callable function in order to analyze its stack metadata.
2. Conversely, each section of code which is *not* callable should *not*
be annotated as an ELF function. The ENDPROC macro shouldn't be used
in this case.
This rule is needed so that objtool can ignore non-callable code.
Such code doesn't have to follow any of the other rules.
3. Each callable function which calls another function must have the
correct frame pointer logic, if required by CONFIG_FRAME_POINTER or
the architecture's back chain rules. This can by done in asm code
with the FRAME_BEGIN/FRAME_END macros.
This rule ensures that frame pointer based stack traces will work as
designed. If function A doesn't create a stack frame before calling
function B, the _caller_ of function A will be skipped on the stack
trace.
4. Dynamic jumps and jumps to undefined symbols are only allowed if:
a) the jump is part of a switch statement; or
b) the jump matches sibling call semantics and the frame pointer has
the same value it had on function entry.
This rule is needed so that objtool can reliably analyze all of a
function's code paths. If a function jumps to code in another file,
and it's not a sibling call, objtool has no way to follow the jump
because it only analyzes a single file at a time.
5. A callable function may not execute kernel entry/exit instructions.
The only code which needs such instructions is kernel entry code,
which shouldn't be be in callable functions anyway.
This rule is just a sanity check to ensure that callable functions
return normally.
It currently only supports x86_64. I tried to make the code generic so
that support for other architectures can hopefully be plugged in
relatively easily.
On my Lenovo laptop with a i7-4810MQ 4-core/8-thread CPU, building the
kernel with objtool checking every .o file adds about three seconds of
total build time. It hasn't been optimized for performance yet, so
there are probably some opportunities for better build performance.
Signed-off-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@kernel.org>
Cc: Bernd Petrovitsch <bernd@petrovitsch.priv.at>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Chris J Arges <chris.j.arges@canonical.com>
Cc: Jiri Slaby <jslaby@suse.cz>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.cz>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com>
Cc: Pedro Alves <palves@redhat.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: live-patching@vger.kernel.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/f3efb173de43bd067b060de73f856567c0fa1174.1456719558.git.jpoimboe@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
2016-02-29 07:22:41 +03:00
@echo ' objtool - an ELF object analysis tool'
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@echo ' tmon - thermal monitoring and tuning tool'
@echo ' turbostat - Intel CPU idle stats and freq reporting tool'
@echo ' usb - USB testing tools'
@echo ' virtio - vhost test module'
@echo ' vm - misc vm tools'
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@echo ' x86_energy_perf_policy - Intel energy policy tool'
@echo ''
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@echo 'You can do:'
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@echo ' $$ make -C tools/ <tool>_install'
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@echo ''
@echo ' from the kernel command line to build and install one of'
@echo ' the tools above'
@echo ''
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@echo ' $$ make tools/all'
@echo ''
@echo ' builds all tools.'
@echo ''
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@echo ' $$ make tools/install'
@echo ''
@echo ' installs all tools.'
@echo ''
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@echo 'Cleaning targets:'
@echo ''
@echo ' all of the above with the "_clean" string appended cleans'
@echo ' the respective build directory.'
@echo ' clean: a summary clean target to clean _all_ folders'
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acpi : FORCE
$( call descend,power/$@ )
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cpupower : FORCE
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$( call descend,power/$@ )
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2016-09-16 22:16:50 +03:00
cgroup firewire hv guest spi usb virtio vm net iio gpio objtool leds : FORCE
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$( call descend,$@ )
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liblockdep : FORCE
$( call descend,lib/lockdep)
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libapi : FORCE
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$( call descend,lib/api)
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# The perf build does not follow the descend function setup,
# invoking it via it's own make rule.
PERF_O = $( if $( O) ,$( O) /tools/perf,)
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perf : FORCE
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$( Q) mkdir -p $( PERF_O) .
$( Q) $( MAKE) --no-print-directory -C perf O = $( PERF_O) subdir =
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selftests : FORCE
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$( call descend,testing/$@ )
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turbostat x86_energy_perf_policy : FORCE
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$( call descend,power/x86/$@ )
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tools/thermal: Introduce tmon, a tool for thermal subsystem
Increasingly, Linux is running on thermally constrained devices. The simple
thermal relationship between processor and fan has become past for modern
computers.
As hardware vendors cope with the thermal constraints on their products,
more sensors are added, new cooling capabilities are introduced. The
complexity of the thermal relationship can grow exponentially among cooling
devices, zones, sensors, and trip points. They can also change dynamically.
To expose such relationship to the userspace, Linux generic thermal layer
introduced sysfs entry at /sys/class/thermal with a matrix of symbolic
links, trip point bindings, and device instances. To traverse such
matrix by hand is not a trivial task. Testing is also difficult in that
thermal conditions are often exception cases that hard to reach in
normal operations.
TMON is conceived as a tool to help visualize, tune, and test the
complex thermal subsystem.
Signed-off-by: Jacob Pan <jacob.jun.pan@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Zhang Rui <rui.zhang@intel.com>
2013-10-15 03:02:27 +04:00
tmon : FORCE
$( call descend,thermal/$@ )
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freefall : FORCE
$( call descend,laptop/$@ )
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kvm_stat : FORCE
$( call descend,kvm/$@ )
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all : acpi cgroup cpupower gpio hv firewire lguest \
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perf selftests turbostat usb \
virtio vm net x86_energy_perf_policy \
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tmon freefall objtool kvm_stat
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acpi_install :
$( call descend,power/$( @:_install= ) ,install)
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cpupower_install :
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$( call descend,power/$( @:_install= ) ,install)
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2016-06-19 23:41:12 +03:00
cgroup_install firewire_install gpio_install hv_install lguest_install perf_install usb_install virtio_install vm_install net_install objtool_install :
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$( call descend,$( @:_install= ) ,install)
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selftests_install :
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$( call descend,testing/$( @:_install= ) ,install)
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turbostat_install x86_energy_perf_policy_install :
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$( call descend,power/x86/$( @:_install= ) ,install)
2012-04-11 20:36:16 +04:00
tools/thermal: Introduce tmon, a tool for thermal subsystem
Increasingly, Linux is running on thermally constrained devices. The simple
thermal relationship between processor and fan has become past for modern
computers.
As hardware vendors cope with the thermal constraints on their products,
more sensors are added, new cooling capabilities are introduced. The
complexity of the thermal relationship can grow exponentially among cooling
devices, zones, sensors, and trip points. They can also change dynamically.
To expose such relationship to the userspace, Linux generic thermal layer
introduced sysfs entry at /sys/class/thermal with a matrix of symbolic
links, trip point bindings, and device instances. To traverse such
matrix by hand is not a trivial task. Testing is also difficult in that
thermal conditions are often exception cases that hard to reach in
normal operations.
TMON is conceived as a tool to help visualize, tune, and test the
complex thermal subsystem.
Signed-off-by: Jacob Pan <jacob.jun.pan@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Zhang Rui <rui.zhang@intel.com>
2013-10-15 03:02:27 +04:00
tmon_install :
$( call descend,thermal/$( @:_install= ) ,install)
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freefall_install :
$( call descend,laptop/$( @:_install= ) ,install)
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kvm_stat_install :
$( call descend,kvm/$( @:_install= ) ,install)
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install : acpi_install cgroup_install cpupower_install gpio_install \
hv_install firewire_install lguest_install \
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perf_install selftests_install turbostat_install usb_install \
tools/thermal: Introduce tmon, a tool for thermal subsystem
Increasingly, Linux is running on thermally constrained devices. The simple
thermal relationship between processor and fan has become past for modern
computers.
As hardware vendors cope with the thermal constraints on their products,
more sensors are added, new cooling capabilities are introduced. The
complexity of the thermal relationship can grow exponentially among cooling
devices, zones, sensors, and trip points. They can also change dynamically.
To expose such relationship to the userspace, Linux generic thermal layer
introduced sysfs entry at /sys/class/thermal with a matrix of symbolic
links, trip point bindings, and device instances. To traverse such
matrix by hand is not a trivial task. Testing is also difficult in that
thermal conditions are often exception cases that hard to reach in
normal operations.
TMON is conceived as a tool to help visualize, tune, and test the
complex thermal subsystem.
Signed-off-by: Jacob Pan <jacob.jun.pan@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Zhang Rui <rui.zhang@intel.com>
2013-10-15 03:02:27 +04:00
virtio_install vm_install net_install x86_energy_perf_policy_install \
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tmon_install freefall_install objtool_install kvm_stat_install
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acpi_clean :
$( call descend,power/acpi,clean)
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cpupower_clean :
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$( call descend,power/cpupower,clean)
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2016-09-16 22:16:50 +03:00
cgroup_clean hv_clean firewire_clean lguest_clean spi_clean usb_clean virtio_clean vm_clean net_clean iio_clean gpio_clean objtool_clean leds_clean :
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$( call descend,$( @:_clean= ) ,clean)
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liblockdep_clean :
$( call descend,lib/lockdep,clean)
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libapi_clean :
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$( call descend,lib/api,clean)
2013-02-20 19:32:30 +04:00
2016-01-11 13:54:48 +03:00
libbpf_clean :
$( call descend,lib/bpf,clean)
libsubcmd_clean :
$( call descend,lib/subcmd,clean)
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perf_clean :
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$( Q) mkdir -p $( PERF_O) .
$( Q) $( MAKE) --no-print-directory -C perf O = $( PERF_O) subdir = clean
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selftests_clean :
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$( call descend,testing/$( @:_clean= ) ,clean)
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turbostat_clean x86_energy_perf_policy_clean :
2012-11-05 19:15:24 +04:00
$( call descend,power/x86/$( @:_clean= ) ,clean)
2012-04-11 20:36:16 +04:00
tools/thermal: Introduce tmon, a tool for thermal subsystem
Increasingly, Linux is running on thermally constrained devices. The simple
thermal relationship between processor and fan has become past for modern
computers.
As hardware vendors cope with the thermal constraints on their products,
more sensors are added, new cooling capabilities are introduced. The
complexity of the thermal relationship can grow exponentially among cooling
devices, zones, sensors, and trip points. They can also change dynamically.
To expose such relationship to the userspace, Linux generic thermal layer
introduced sysfs entry at /sys/class/thermal with a matrix of symbolic
links, trip point bindings, and device instances. To traverse such
matrix by hand is not a trivial task. Testing is also difficult in that
thermal conditions are often exception cases that hard to reach in
normal operations.
TMON is conceived as a tool to help visualize, tune, and test the
complex thermal subsystem.
Signed-off-by: Jacob Pan <jacob.jun.pan@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Zhang Rui <rui.zhang@intel.com>
2013-10-15 03:02:27 +04:00
tmon_clean :
$( call descend,thermal/tmon,clean)
2015-06-06 16:42:28 +03:00
freefall_clean :
$( call descend,laptop/freefall,clean)
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build_clean :
$( call descend,build,clean)
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clean : acpi_clean cgroup_clean cpupower_clean hv_clean firewire_clean lguest_clean \
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perf_clean selftests_clean turbostat_clean spi_clean usb_clean virtio_clean \
Staging driver patches for 4.2-rc1
Here's the big, really big, staging tree patches for 4.2-rc1.
Loads of stuff in here, almost all just coding style fixes / churn, and
a few new drivers as well, one of which I just disabled from the build a
few minutes ago due to way too many build warnings.
Other than the one "disable this driver" patch, all of these have been
in linux-next for quite a while with no reported issues.
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
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Merge tag 'staging-4.2-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/staging
Pull staging driver updates from Greg KH:
"Here's the big, really big, staging tree patches for 4.2-rc1.
Loads of stuff in here, almost all just coding style fixes / churn,
and a few new drivers as well, one of which I just disabled from the
build a few minutes ago due to way too many build warnings.
Other than the one "disable this driver" patch, all of these have been
in linux-next for quite a while with no reported issues"
* tag 'staging-4.2-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/staging: (1163 commits)
staging: wilc1000: disable driver due to build warnings
Staging: rts5208: fix CHANGE_LINK_STATE value
Staging: sm750fb: ddk750_swi2c.c: Insert spaces before parenthesis
Staging: sm750fb: ddk750_swi2c.c: Place braces on correct lines
Staging: sm750fb: ddk750_swi2c.c: Insert spaces around operators
Staging: sm750fb: ddk750_swi2c.c: Replace spaces with tabs
Staging: sm750fb: ddk750_swi2c.h: Shorten lines to under 80 characters
Staging: sm750fb: ddk750_swi2c.h: Replace spaces with tabs
Staging: sm750fb: modedb.h: Shorten lines to under 80 characters
Staging: sm750fb: modedb.h: Replace spaces with tabs
staging: comedi: addi_apci_3120: rename 'this_board' variables
staging: comedi: addi_apci_1516: rename 'this_board' variables
staging: comedi: ni_atmio: cleanup ni_getboardtype()
staging: comedi: vmk80xx: sanity check context used to get the boardinfo
staging: comedi: vmk80xx: rename 'boardinfo' variables
staging: comedi: dt3000: rename 'this_board' variables
staging: comedi: adv_pci_dio: rename 'this_board' variables
staging: comedi: cb_pcidas64: rename 'thisboard' variables
staging: comedi: cb_pcidas: rename 'thisboard' variables
staging: comedi: me4000: rename 'thisboard' variables
...
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vm_clean net_clean iio_clean x86_energy_perf_policy_clean tmon_clean \
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freefall_clean build_clean libbpf_clean libsubcmd_clean liblockdep_clean \
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gpio_clean objtool_clean leds_clean
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.PHONY : FORCE