From 70a87ffea8acc390ae315fa1930e849f656bdb88 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Alexei Starovoitov Date: Mon, 25 Dec 2017 13:15:40 -0800 Subject: [PATCH 1/3] bpf: fix maximum stack depth tracking logic Instead of computing max stack depth for current call chain during the main verifier pass track stack depth of each function independently and after do_check() is done do another pass over all instructions analyzing depth of all possible call stacks. Fixes: f4d7e40a5b71 ("bpf: introduce function calls (verification)") Reported-by: Jann Horn Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann --- include/linux/bpf_verifier.h | 1 + kernel/bpf/verifier.c | 82 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++------- 2 files changed, 67 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-) diff --git a/include/linux/bpf_verifier.h b/include/linux/bpf_verifier.h index aaac589e490c..94a02ceb1246 100644 --- a/include/linux/bpf_verifier.h +++ b/include/linux/bpf_verifier.h @@ -194,6 +194,7 @@ struct bpf_verifier_env { struct bpf_insn_aux_data *insn_aux_data; /* array of per-insn state */ struct bpf_verifer_log log; u32 subprog_starts[BPF_MAX_SUBPROGS]; + /* computes the stack depth of each bpf function */ u16 subprog_stack_depth[BPF_MAX_SUBPROGS + 1]; u32 subprog_cnt; }; diff --git a/kernel/bpf/verifier.c b/kernel/bpf/verifier.c index 82ae580440b8..738e919efdf0 100644 --- a/kernel/bpf/verifier.c +++ b/kernel/bpf/verifier.c @@ -1430,33 +1430,80 @@ static int update_stack_depth(struct bpf_verifier_env *env, const struct bpf_func_state *func, int off) { - u16 stack = env->subprog_stack_depth[func->subprogno], total = 0; - struct bpf_verifier_state *cur = env->cur_state; - int i; + u16 stack = env->subprog_stack_depth[func->subprogno]; if (stack >= -off) return 0; /* update known max for given subprogram */ env->subprog_stack_depth[func->subprogno] = -off; + return 0; +} - /* compute the total for current call chain */ - for (i = 0; i <= cur->curframe; i++) { - u32 depth = env->subprog_stack_depth[cur->frame[i]->subprogno]; +/* starting from main bpf function walk all instructions of the function + * and recursively walk all callees that given function can call. + * Ignore jump and exit insns. + * Since recursion is prevented by check_cfg() this algorithm + * only needs a local stack of MAX_CALL_FRAMES to remember callsites + */ +static int check_max_stack_depth(struct bpf_verifier_env *env) +{ + int depth = 0, frame = 0, subprog = 0, i = 0, subprog_end; + struct bpf_insn *insn = env->prog->insnsi; + int insn_cnt = env->prog->len; + int ret_insn[MAX_CALL_FRAMES]; + int ret_prog[MAX_CALL_FRAMES]; - /* round up to 32-bytes, since this is granularity - * of interpreter stack sizes - */ - depth = round_up(depth, 32); - total += depth; - } - - if (total > MAX_BPF_STACK) { +process_func: + /* round up to 32-bytes, since this is granularity + * of interpreter stack size + */ + depth += round_up(max_t(u32, env->subprog_stack_depth[subprog], 1), 32); + if (depth > MAX_BPF_STACK) { verbose(env, "combined stack size of %d calls is %d. Too large\n", - cur->curframe, total); + frame + 1, depth); return -EACCES; } - return 0; +continue_func: + if (env->subprog_cnt == subprog) + subprog_end = insn_cnt; + else + subprog_end = env->subprog_starts[subprog]; + for (; i < subprog_end; i++) { + if (insn[i].code != (BPF_JMP | BPF_CALL)) + continue; + if (insn[i].src_reg != BPF_PSEUDO_CALL) + continue; + /* remember insn and function to return to */ + ret_insn[frame] = i + 1; + ret_prog[frame] = subprog; + + /* find the callee */ + i = i + insn[i].imm + 1; + subprog = find_subprog(env, i); + if (subprog < 0) { + WARN_ONCE(1, "verifier bug. No program starts at insn %d\n", + i); + return -EFAULT; + } + subprog++; + frame++; + if (frame >= MAX_CALL_FRAMES) { + WARN_ONCE(1, "verifier bug. Call stack is too deep\n"); + return -EFAULT; + } + goto process_func; + } + /* end of for() loop means the last insn of the 'subprog' + * was reached. Doesn't matter whether it was JA or EXIT + */ + if (frame == 0) + return 0; + depth -= round_up(max_t(u32, env->subprog_stack_depth[subprog], 1), 32); + frame--; + i = ret_insn[frame]; + subprog = ret_prog[frame]; + goto continue_func; } static int get_callee_stack_depth(struct bpf_verifier_env *env, @@ -5403,6 +5450,9 @@ skip_full_check: if (ret == 0) sanitize_dead_code(env); + if (ret == 0) + ret = check_max_stack_depth(env); + if (ret == 0) /* program is valid, convert *(u32*)(ctx + off) accesses */ ret = convert_ctx_accesses(env); From 6b86c4217c231cbd268bd8c6fda025b27047d3ed Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Alexei Starovoitov Date: Mon, 25 Dec 2017 13:15:41 -0800 Subject: [PATCH 2/3] selftests/bpf: additional stack depth tests to test inner logic of stack depth tracking Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann --- tools/testing/selftests/bpf/test_verifier.c | 121 ++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 121 insertions(+) diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/test_verifier.c b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/test_verifier.c index 41dcc7dbba42..b5a7a6c530dc 100644 --- a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/test_verifier.c +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/test_verifier.c @@ -8763,6 +8763,127 @@ static struct bpf_test tests[] = { .errstr = "combined stack size", .result = REJECT, }, + { + "calls: stack depth check using three frames. test1", + .insns = { + /* main */ + BPF_RAW_INSN(BPF_JMP|BPF_CALL, 0, 1, 0, 4), /* call A */ + BPF_RAW_INSN(BPF_JMP|BPF_CALL, 0, 1, 0, 5), /* call B */ + BPF_ST_MEM(BPF_B, BPF_REG_10, -32, 0), + BPF_MOV64_IMM(BPF_REG_0, 0), + BPF_EXIT_INSN(), + /* A */ + BPF_ST_MEM(BPF_B, BPF_REG_10, -256, 0), + BPF_EXIT_INSN(), + /* B */ + BPF_RAW_INSN(BPF_JMP|BPF_CALL, 0, 1, 0, -3), /* call A */ + BPF_ST_MEM(BPF_B, BPF_REG_10, -64, 0), + BPF_EXIT_INSN(), + }, + .prog_type = BPF_PROG_TYPE_XDP, + /* stack_main=32, stack_A=256, stack_B=64 + * and max(main+A, main+A+B) < 512 + */ + .result = ACCEPT, + }, + { + "calls: stack depth check using three frames. test2", + .insns = { + /* main */ + BPF_RAW_INSN(BPF_JMP|BPF_CALL, 0, 1, 0, 4), /* call A */ + BPF_RAW_INSN(BPF_JMP|BPF_CALL, 0, 1, 0, 5), /* call B */ + BPF_ST_MEM(BPF_B, BPF_REG_10, -32, 0), + BPF_MOV64_IMM(BPF_REG_0, 0), + BPF_EXIT_INSN(), + /* A */ + BPF_ST_MEM(BPF_B, BPF_REG_10, -64, 0), + BPF_EXIT_INSN(), + /* B */ + BPF_RAW_INSN(BPF_JMP|BPF_CALL, 0, 1, 0, -3), /* call A */ + BPF_ST_MEM(BPF_B, BPF_REG_10, -256, 0), + BPF_EXIT_INSN(), + }, + .prog_type = BPF_PROG_TYPE_XDP, + /* stack_main=32, stack_A=64, stack_B=256 + * and max(main+A, main+A+B) < 512 + */ + .result = ACCEPT, + }, + { + "calls: stack depth check using three frames. test3", + .insns = { + /* main */ + BPF_MOV64_REG(BPF_REG_6, BPF_REG_1), + BPF_RAW_INSN(BPF_JMP|BPF_CALL, 0, 1, 0, 6), /* call A */ + BPF_MOV64_REG(BPF_REG_1, BPF_REG_6), + BPF_RAW_INSN(BPF_JMP|BPF_CALL, 0, 1, 0, 8), /* call B */ + BPF_JMP_IMM(BPF_JGE, BPF_REG_6, 0, 1), + BPF_ST_MEM(BPF_B, BPF_REG_10, -64, 0), + BPF_MOV64_IMM(BPF_REG_0, 0), + BPF_EXIT_INSN(), + /* A */ + BPF_JMP_IMM(BPF_JLT, BPF_REG_1, 10, 1), + BPF_EXIT_INSN(), + BPF_ST_MEM(BPF_B, BPF_REG_10, -224, 0), + BPF_JMP_IMM(BPF_JA, 0, 0, -3), + /* B */ + BPF_JMP_IMM(BPF_JGT, BPF_REG_1, 2, 1), + BPF_RAW_INSN(BPF_JMP|BPF_CALL, 0, 1, 0, -6), /* call A */ + BPF_ST_MEM(BPF_B, BPF_REG_10, -256, 0), + BPF_EXIT_INSN(), + }, + .prog_type = BPF_PROG_TYPE_XDP, + /* stack_main=64, stack_A=224, stack_B=256 + * and max(main+A, main+A+B) > 512 + */ + .errstr = "combined stack", + .result = REJECT, + }, + { + "calls: stack depth check using three frames. test4", + /* void main(void) { + * func1(0); + * func1(1); + * func2(1); + * } + * void func1(int alloc_or_recurse) { + * if (alloc_or_recurse) { + * frame_pointer[-300] = 1; + * } else { + * func2(alloc_or_recurse); + * } + * } + * void func2(int alloc_or_recurse) { + * if (alloc_or_recurse) { + * frame_pointer[-300] = 1; + * } + * } + */ + .insns = { + /* main */ + BPF_MOV64_IMM(BPF_REG_1, 0), + BPF_RAW_INSN(BPF_JMP|BPF_CALL, 0, 1, 0, 6), /* call A */ + BPF_MOV64_IMM(BPF_REG_1, 1), + BPF_RAW_INSN(BPF_JMP|BPF_CALL, 0, 1, 0, 4), /* call A */ + BPF_MOV64_IMM(BPF_REG_1, 1), + BPF_RAW_INSN(BPF_JMP|BPF_CALL, 0, 1, 0, 7), /* call B */ + BPF_MOV64_IMM(BPF_REG_0, 0), + BPF_EXIT_INSN(), + /* A */ + BPF_JMP_IMM(BPF_JEQ, BPF_REG_1, 0, 2), + BPF_ST_MEM(BPF_B, BPF_REG_10, -300, 0), + BPF_EXIT_INSN(), + BPF_RAW_INSN(BPF_JMP|BPF_CALL, 0, 1, 0, 1), /* call B */ + BPF_EXIT_INSN(), + /* B */ + BPF_JMP_IMM(BPF_JEQ, BPF_REG_1, 0, 1), + BPF_ST_MEM(BPF_B, BPF_REG_10, -300, 0), + BPF_EXIT_INSN(), + }, + .prog_type = BPF_PROG_TYPE_XDP, + .result = REJECT, + .errstr = "combined stack", + }, { "calls: spill into caller stack frame", .insns = { From aada9ce644e53410954daa6beb1f7c4ca158abd7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Alexei Starovoitov Date: Mon, 25 Dec 2017 13:15:42 -0800 Subject: [PATCH 3/3] bpf: fix max call depth check fix off by one error in max call depth check and add a test Fixes: f4d7e40a5b71 ("bpf: introduce function calls (verification)") Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann --- kernel/bpf/verifier.c | 4 +-- tools/testing/selftests/bpf/test_verifier.c | 35 +++++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/kernel/bpf/verifier.c b/kernel/bpf/verifier.c index 738e919efdf0..52ad60b3b8be 100644 --- a/kernel/bpf/verifier.c +++ b/kernel/bpf/verifier.c @@ -2126,9 +2126,9 @@ static int check_func_call(struct bpf_verifier_env *env, struct bpf_insn *insn, struct bpf_func_state *caller, *callee; int i, subprog, target_insn; - if (state->curframe >= MAX_CALL_FRAMES) { + if (state->curframe + 1 >= MAX_CALL_FRAMES) { verbose(env, "the call stack of %d frames is too deep\n", - state->curframe); + state->curframe + 2); return -E2BIG; } diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/test_verifier.c b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/test_verifier.c index b5a7a6c530dc..5d0a574ce270 100644 --- a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/test_verifier.c +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/test_verifier.c @@ -8884,6 +8884,41 @@ static struct bpf_test tests[] = { .result = REJECT, .errstr = "combined stack", }, + { + "calls: stack depth check using three frames. test5", + .insns = { + /* main */ + BPF_RAW_INSN(BPF_JMP|BPF_CALL, 0, 1, 0, 1), /* call A */ + BPF_EXIT_INSN(), + /* A */ + BPF_RAW_INSN(BPF_JMP|BPF_CALL, 0, 1, 0, 1), /* call B */ + BPF_EXIT_INSN(), + /* B */ + BPF_RAW_INSN(BPF_JMP|BPF_CALL, 0, 1, 0, 1), /* call C */ + BPF_EXIT_INSN(), + /* C */ + BPF_RAW_INSN(BPF_JMP|BPF_CALL, 0, 1, 0, 1), /* call D */ + BPF_EXIT_INSN(), + /* D */ + BPF_RAW_INSN(BPF_JMP|BPF_CALL, 0, 1, 0, 1), /* call E */ + BPF_EXIT_INSN(), + /* E */ + BPF_RAW_INSN(BPF_JMP|BPF_CALL, 0, 1, 0, 1), /* call F */ + BPF_EXIT_INSN(), + /* F */ + BPF_RAW_INSN(BPF_JMP|BPF_CALL, 0, 1, 0, 1), /* call G */ + BPF_EXIT_INSN(), + /* G */ + BPF_RAW_INSN(BPF_JMP|BPF_CALL, 0, 1, 0, 1), /* call H */ + BPF_EXIT_INSN(), + /* H */ + BPF_MOV64_IMM(BPF_REG_0, 0), + BPF_EXIT_INSN(), + }, + .prog_type = BPF_PROG_TYPE_XDP, + .errstr = "call stack", + .result = REJECT, + }, { "calls: spill into caller stack frame", .insns = {