diff --git a/include/linux/pci.h b/include/linux/pci.h
index 1cd5caa567cf..7edc6de9e88c 100644
--- a/include/linux/pci.h
+++ b/include/linux/pci.h
@@ -129,6 +129,15 @@ enum pci_interrupt_pin {
 /* The number of legacy PCI INTx interrupts */
 #define PCI_NUM_INTX	4
 
+/*
+ * Reading from a device that doesn't respond typically returns ~0.  A
+ * successful read from a device may also return ~0, so you need additional
+ * information to reliably identify errors.
+ */
+#define PCI_ERROR_RESPONSE		(~0ULL)
+#define PCI_SET_ERROR_RESPONSE(val)	(*(val) = ((typeof(*(val))) PCI_ERROR_RESPONSE))
+#define PCI_POSSIBLE_ERROR(val)		((val) == ((typeof(val)) PCI_ERROR_RESPONSE))
+
 /*
  * pci_power_t values must match the bits in the Capabilities PME_Support
  * and Control/Status PowerState fields in the Power Management capability.