mm: hugetlb: alloc the vmemmap pages associated with each HugeTLB page

When we free a HugeTLB page to the buddy allocator, we need to allocate
the vmemmap pages associated with it.  However, we may not be able to
allocate the vmemmap pages when the system is under memory pressure.  In
this case, we just refuse to free the HugeTLB page.  This changes behavior
in some corner cases as listed below:

 1) Failing to free a huge page triggered by the user (decrease nr_pages).

    User needs to try again later.

 2) Failing to free a surplus huge page when freed by the application.

    Try again later when freeing a huge page next time.

 3) Failing to dissolve a free huge page on ZONE_MOVABLE via
    offline_pages().

    This can happen when we have plenty of ZONE_MOVABLE memory, but
    not enough kernel memory to allocate vmemmmap pages.  We may even
    be able to migrate huge page contents, but will not be able to
    dissolve the source huge page.  This will prevent an offline
    operation and is unfortunate as memory offlining is expected to
    succeed on movable zones.  Users that depend on memory hotplug
    to succeed for movable zones should carefully consider whether the
    memory savings gained from this feature are worth the risk of
    possibly not being able to offline memory in certain situations.

 4) Failing to dissolve a huge page on CMA/ZONE_MOVABLE via
    alloc_contig_range() - once we have that handling in place. Mainly
    affects CMA and virtio-mem.

    Similar to 3). virito-mem will handle migration errors gracefully.
    CMA might be able to fallback on other free areas within the CMA
    region.

Vmemmap pages are allocated from the page freeing context.  In order for
those allocations to be not disruptive (e.g.  trigger oom killer)
__GFP_NORETRY is used.  hugetlb_lock is dropped for the allocation because
a non sleeping allocation would be too fragile and it could fail too
easily under memory pressure.  GFP_ATOMIC or other modes to access memory
reserves is not used because we want to prevent consuming reserves under
heavy hugetlb freeing.

[mike.kravetz@oracle.com: fix dissolve_free_huge_page use of tail/head page]
  Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210527231225.226987-1-mike.kravetz@oracle.com
[willy@infradead.org: fix alloc_vmemmap_page_list documentation warning]
  Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210615200242.1716568-6-willy@infradead.org

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210510030027.56044-7-songmuchun@bytedance.com
Signed-off-by: Muchun Song <songmuchun@bytedance.com>
Signed-off-by: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Reviewed-by: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Oscar Salvador <osalvador@suse.de>
Cc: Alexander Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Anshuman Khandual <anshuman.khandual@arm.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <bsingharora@gmail.com>
Cc: Barry Song <song.bao.hua@hisilicon.com>
Cc: Bodeddula Balasubramaniam <bodeddub@amazon.com>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Chen Huang <chenhuang5@huawei.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: HORIGUCHI NAOYA <naoya.horiguchi@nec.com>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Joao Martins <joao.m.martins@oracle.com>
Cc: Joerg Roedel <jroedel@suse.de>
Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Miaohe Lin <linmiaohe@huawei.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Mina Almasry <almasrymina@google.com>
Cc: Oliver Neukum <oneukum@suse.com>
Cc: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
Cc: Pawan Gupta <pawan.kumar.gupta@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Xiongchun Duan <duanxiongchun@bytedance.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Documentation/admin-guide/mm/hugetlbpage.rst

@@ -60,6 +60,10 @@ HugePages_Surp
         the pool above the value in ``/proc/sys/vm/nr_hugepages``. The
         maximum number of surplus huge pages is controlled by
         ``/proc/sys/vm/nr_overcommit_hugepages``.
+	Note: When the feature of freeing unused vmemmap pages associated
+	with each hugetlb page is enabled, the number of surplus huge pages
+	may be temporarily larger than the maximum number of surplus huge
+	pages when the system is under memory pressure.
 Hugepagesize
 	is the default hugepage size (in Kb).
 Hugetlb
@@ -80,6 +84,10 @@ returned to the huge page pool when freed by a task.  A user with root
 privileges can dynamically allocate more or free some persistent huge pages
 by increasing or decreasing the value of ``nr_hugepages``.
 
+Note: When the feature of freeing unused vmemmap pages associated with each
+hugetlb page is enabled, we can fail to free the huge pages triggered by
+the user when ths system is under memory pressure.  Please try again later.
+
 Pages that are used as huge pages are reserved inside the kernel and cannot
 be used for other purposes.  Huge pages cannot be swapped out under
 memory pressure.

Documentation/admin-guide/mm/memory-hotplug.rst

@@ -357,6 +357,19 @@ creates ZONE_MOVABLE as following.
    Unfortunately, there is no information to show which memory block belongs
    to ZONE_MOVABLE. This is TBD.
 
+   Memory offlining can fail when dissolving a free huge page on ZONE_MOVABLE
+   and the feature of freeing unused vmemmap pages associated with each hugetlb
+   page is enabled.
+
+   This can happen when we have plenty of ZONE_MOVABLE memory, but not enough
+   kernel memory to allocate vmemmmap pages.  We may even be able to migrate
+   huge page contents, but will not be able to dissolve the source huge page.
+   This will prevent an offline operation and is unfortunate as memory offlining
+   is expected to succeed on movable zones.  Users that depend on memory hotplug
+   to succeed for movable zones should carefully consider whether the memory
+   savings gained from this feature are worth the risk of possibly not being
+   able to offline memory in certain situations.
+
 .. note::
    Techniques that rely on long-term pinnings of memory (especially, RDMA and
    vfio) are fundamentally problematic with ZONE_MOVABLE and, therefore, memory

include/linux/hugetlb.h

@@ -532,12 +532,14 @@ unsigned long hugetlb_get_unmapped_area(struct file *file, unsigned long addr,
  *	modifications require hugetlb_lock.
  * HPG_freed - Set when page is on the free lists.
  *	Synchronization: hugetlb_lock held for examination and modification.
+ * HPG_vmemmap_optimized - Set when the vmemmap pages of the page are freed.
  */
 enum hugetlb_page_flags {
 	HPG_restore_reserve = 0,
 	HPG_migratable,
 	HPG_temporary,
 	HPG_freed,
+	HPG_vmemmap_optimized,
 	__NR_HPAGEFLAGS,
 };
 
@@ -583,6 +585,7 @@ HPAGEFLAG(RestoreReserve, restore_reserve)
 HPAGEFLAG(Migratable, migratable)
 HPAGEFLAG(Temporary, temporary)
 HPAGEFLAG(Freed, freed)
+HPAGEFLAG(VmemmapOptimized, vmemmap_optimized)
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_HUGETLB_PAGE
 

include/linux/mm.h

@@ -3078,6 +3078,8 @@ static inline void print_vma_addr(char *prefix, unsigned long rip)
 
 void vmemmap_remap_free(unsigned long start, unsigned long end,
 			unsigned long reuse);
+int vmemmap_remap_alloc(unsigned long start, unsigned long end,
+			unsigned long reuse, gfp_t gfp_mask);
 
 void *sparse_buffer_alloc(unsigned long size);
 struct page * __populate_section_memmap(unsigned long pfn,

mm/hugetlb.c

@@ -1376,6 +1376,39 @@ static void remove_hugetlb_page(struct hstate *h, struct page *page,
 	h->nr_huge_pages_node[nid]--;
 }
 
+static void add_hugetlb_page(struct hstate *h, struct page *page,
+			     bool adjust_surplus)
+{
+	int zeroed;
+	int nid = page_to_nid(page);
+
+	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!HPageVmemmapOptimized(page), page);
+
+	lockdep_assert_held(&hugetlb_lock);
+
+	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&page->lru);
+	h->nr_huge_pages++;
+	h->nr_huge_pages_node[nid]++;
+
+	if (adjust_surplus) {
+		h->surplus_huge_pages++;
+		h->surplus_huge_pages_node[nid]++;
+	}
+
+	set_compound_page_dtor(page, HUGETLB_PAGE_DTOR);
+	set_page_private(page, 0);
+	SetHPageVmemmapOptimized(page);
+
+	/*
+	 * This page is now managed by the hugetlb allocator and has
+	 * no users -- drop the last reference.
+	 */
+	zeroed = put_page_testzero(page);
+	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!zeroed, page);
+	arch_clear_hugepage_flags(page);
+	enqueue_huge_page(h, page);
+}
+
 static void __update_and_free_page(struct hstate *h, struct page *page)
 {
 	int i;
@@ -1384,6 +1417,18 @@ static void __update_and_free_page(struct hstate *h, struct page *page)
 	if (hstate_is_gigantic(h) && !gigantic_page_runtime_supported())
 		return;
 
+	if (alloc_huge_page_vmemmap(h, page)) {
+		spin_lock_irq(&hugetlb_lock);
+		/*
+		 * If we cannot allocate vmemmap pages, just refuse to free the
+		 * page and put the page back on the hugetlb free list and treat
+		 * as a surplus page.
+		 */
+		add_hugetlb_page(h, page, true);
+		spin_unlock_irq(&hugetlb_lock);
+		return;
+	}
+
 	for (i = 0; i < pages_per_huge_page(h);
 	     i++, subpage = mem_map_next(subpage, page, i)) {
 		subpage->flags &= ~(1 << PG_locked | 1 << PG_error |
@@ -1450,7 +1495,7 @@ static inline void flush_free_hpage_work(struct hstate *h)
 static void update_and_free_page(struct hstate *h, struct page *page,
 				 bool atomic)
 {
-	if (!free_vmemmap_pages_per_hpage(h) || !atomic) {
+	if (!HPageVmemmapOptimized(page) || !atomic) {
 		__update_and_free_page(h, page);
 		return;
 	}
@@ -1806,10 +1851,14 @@ static struct page *remove_pool_huge_page(struct hstate *h,
  * nothing for in-use hugepages and non-hugepages.
  * This function returns values like below:
  *
- *  -EBUSY: failed to dissolved free hugepages or the hugepage is in-use
- *          (allocated or reserved.)
- *       0: successfully dissolved free hugepages or the page is not a
- *          hugepage (considered as already dissolved)
+ *  -ENOMEM: failed to allocate vmemmap pages to free the freed hugepages
+ *           when the system is under memory pressure and the feature of
+ *           freeing unused vmemmap pages associated with each hugetlb page
+ *           is enabled.
+ *  -EBUSY:  failed to dissolved free hugepages or the hugepage is in-use
+ *           (allocated or reserved.)
+ *       0:  successfully dissolved free hugepages or the page is not a
+ *           hugepage (considered as already dissolved)
  */
 int dissolve_free_huge_page(struct page *page)
 {
@@ -1851,19 +1900,38 @@ retry:
 			goto retry;
 		}
 
-		/*
-		 * Move PageHWPoison flag from head page to the raw error page,
-		 * which makes any subpages rather than the error page reusable.
-		 */
-		if (PageHWPoison(head) && page != head) {
-			SetPageHWPoison(page);
-			ClearPageHWPoison(head);
-		}
 		remove_hugetlb_page(h, head, false);
 		h->max_huge_pages--;
 		spin_unlock_irq(&hugetlb_lock);
-		update_and_free_page(h, head, false);
-		return 0;
+
+		/*
+		 * Normally update_and_free_page will allocate required vmemmmap
+		 * before freeing the page.  update_and_free_page will fail to
+		 * free the page if it can not allocate required vmemmap.  We
+		 * need to adjust max_huge_pages if the page is not freed.
+		 * Attempt to allocate vmemmmap here so that we can take
+		 * appropriate action on failure.
+		 */
+		rc = alloc_huge_page_vmemmap(h, head);
+		if (!rc) {
+			/*
+			 * Move PageHWPoison flag from head page to the raw
+			 * error page, which makes any subpages rather than
+			 * the error page reusable.
+			 */
+			if (PageHWPoison(head) && page != head) {
+				SetPageHWPoison(page);
+				ClearPageHWPoison(head);
+			}
+			update_and_free_page(h, head, false);
+		} else {
+			spin_lock_irq(&hugetlb_lock);
+			add_hugetlb_page(h, head, false);
+			h->max_huge_pages++;
+			spin_unlock_irq(&hugetlb_lock);
+		}
+
+		return rc;
 	}
 out:
 	spin_unlock_irq(&hugetlb_lock);

mm/hugetlb_vmemmap.c

@@ -185,6 +185,38 @@ static inline unsigned long free_vmemmap_pages_size_per_hpage(struct hstate *h)
 	return (unsigned long)free_vmemmap_pages_per_hpage(h) << PAGE_SHIFT;
 }
 
+/*
+ * Previously discarded vmemmap pages will be allocated and remapping
+ * after this function returns zero.
+ */
+int alloc_huge_page_vmemmap(struct hstate *h, struct page *head)
+{
+	int ret;
+	unsigned long vmemmap_addr = (unsigned long)head;
+	unsigned long vmemmap_end, vmemmap_reuse;
+
+	if (!HPageVmemmapOptimized(head))
+		return 0;
+
+	vmemmap_addr += RESERVE_VMEMMAP_SIZE;
+	vmemmap_end = vmemmap_addr + free_vmemmap_pages_size_per_hpage(h);
+	vmemmap_reuse = vmemmap_addr - PAGE_SIZE;
+	/*
+	 * The pages which the vmemmap virtual address range [@vmemmap_addr,
+	 * @vmemmap_end) are mapped to are freed to the buddy allocator, and
+	 * the range is mapped to the page which @vmemmap_reuse is mapped to.
+	 * When a HugeTLB page is freed to the buddy allocator, previously
+	 * discarded vmemmap pages must be allocated and remapping.
+	 */
+	ret = vmemmap_remap_alloc(vmemmap_addr, vmemmap_end, vmemmap_reuse,
+				  GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_NORETRY | __GFP_THISNODE);
+
+	if (!ret)
+		ClearHPageVmemmapOptimized(head);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
 void free_huge_page_vmemmap(struct hstate *h, struct page *head)
 {
 	unsigned long vmemmap_addr = (unsigned long)head;
@@ -203,4 +235,6 @@ void free_huge_page_vmemmap(struct hstate *h, struct page *head)
 	 * which the range [@vmemmap_addr, @vmemmap_end] is mapped to.
 	 */
 	vmemmap_remap_free(vmemmap_addr, vmemmap_end, vmemmap_reuse);
+
+	SetHPageVmemmapOptimized(head);
 }

mm/hugetlb_vmemmap.h

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 #include <linux/hugetlb.h>
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_HUGETLB_PAGE_FREE_VMEMMAP
+int alloc_huge_page_vmemmap(struct hstate *h, struct page *head);
 void free_huge_page_vmemmap(struct hstate *h, struct page *head);
 
 /*
@@ -25,6 +26,11 @@ static inline unsigned int free_vmemmap_pages_per_hpage(struct hstate *h)
 	return 0;
 }
 #else
+static inline int alloc_huge_page_vmemmap(struct hstate *h, struct page *head)
+{
+	return 0;
+}
+
 static inline void free_huge_page_vmemmap(struct hstate *h, struct page *head)
 {
 }

mm/migrate.c

@@ -626,7 +626,10 @@ void migrate_page_states(struct page *newpage, struct page *page)
 	if (PageSwapCache(page))
 		ClearPageSwapCache(page);
 	ClearPagePrivate(page);
-	set_page_private(page, 0);
+
+	/* page->private contains hugetlb specific flags */
+	if (!PageHuge(page))
+		set_page_private(page, 0);
 
 	/*
 	 * If any waiters have accumulated on the new page then

mm/sparse-vmemmap.c

@@ -40,7 +40,8 @@
  * @remap_pte:		called for each lowest-level entry (PTE).
  * @reuse_page:		the page which is reused for the tail vmemmap pages.
  * @reuse_addr:		the virtual address of the @reuse_page page.
- * @vmemmap_pages:	the list head of the vmemmap pages that can be freed.
+ * @vmemmap_pages:	the list head of the vmemmap pages that can be freed
+ *			or is mapped from.
  */
 struct vmemmap_remap_walk {
 	void (*remap_pte)(pte_t *pte, unsigned long addr,
@@ -224,6 +225,78 @@ void vmemmap_remap_free(unsigned long start, unsigned long end,
 	free_vmemmap_page_list(&vmemmap_pages);
 }
 
+static void vmemmap_restore_pte(pte_t *pte, unsigned long addr,
+				struct vmemmap_remap_walk *walk)
+{
+	pgprot_t pgprot = PAGE_KERNEL;
+	struct page *page;
+	void *to;
+
+	BUG_ON(pte_page(*pte) != walk->reuse_page);
+
+	page = list_first_entry(walk->vmemmap_pages, struct page, lru);
+	list_del(&page->lru);
+	to = page_to_virt(page);
+	copy_page(to, (void *)walk->reuse_addr);
+
+	set_pte_at(&init_mm, addr, pte, mk_pte(page, pgprot));
+}
+
+static int alloc_vmemmap_page_list(unsigned long start, unsigned long end,
+				   gfp_t gfp_mask, struct list_head *list)
+{
+	unsigned long nr_pages = (end - start) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
+	int nid = page_to_nid((struct page *)start);
+	struct page *page, *next;
+
+	while (nr_pages--) {
+		page = alloc_pages_node(nid, gfp_mask, 0);
+		if (!page)
+			goto out;
+		list_add_tail(&page->lru, list);
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+out:
+	list_for_each_entry_safe(page, next, list, lru)
+		__free_pages(page, 0);
+	return -ENOMEM;
+}
+
+/**
+ * vmemmap_remap_alloc - remap the vmemmap virtual address range [@start, end)
+ *			 to the page which is from the @vmemmap_pages
+ *			 respectively.
+ * @start:	start address of the vmemmap virtual address range that we want
+ *		to remap.
+ * @end:	end address of the vmemmap virtual address range that we want to
+ *		remap.
+ * @reuse:	reuse address.
+ * @gfp_mask:	GFP flag for allocating vmemmap pages.
+ */
+int vmemmap_remap_alloc(unsigned long start, unsigned long end,
+			unsigned long reuse, gfp_t gfp_mask)
+{
+	LIST_HEAD(vmemmap_pages);
+	struct vmemmap_remap_walk walk = {
+		.remap_pte	= vmemmap_restore_pte,
+		.reuse_addr	= reuse,
+		.vmemmap_pages	= &vmemmap_pages,
+	};
+
+	/* See the comment in the vmemmap_remap_free(). */
+	BUG_ON(start - reuse != PAGE_SIZE);
+
+	might_sleep_if(gfpflags_allow_blocking(gfp_mask));
+
+	if (alloc_vmemmap_page_list(start, end, gfp_mask, &vmemmap_pages))
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	vmemmap_remap_range(reuse, end, &walk);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
 /*
  * Allocate a block of memory to be used to back the virtual memory map
  * or to back the page tables that are used to create the mapping.