A number of cleanups plus support for the RDSEED instruction, which

will be showing up in Intel Broadwell CPU's.
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Merge tag 'random_for_linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tytso/random

Pull /dev/random changes from Ted Ts'o:
 "A number of cleanups plus support for the RDSEED instruction, which
  will be showing up in Intel Broadwell CPU's"

* tag 'random_for_linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tytso/random:
  random: Add arch_has_random[_seed]()
  random: If we have arch_get_random_seed*(), try it before blocking
  random: Use arch_get_random_seed*() at init time and once a second
  x86, random: Enable the RDSEED instruction
  random: use the architectural HWRNG for the SHA's IV in extract_buf()
  random: clarify bits/bytes in wakeup thresholds
  random: entropy_bytes is actually bits
  random: simplify accounting code
  random: tighten bound on random_read_wakeup_thresh
  random: forget lock in lockless accounting
  random: simplify accounting logic
  random: fix comment on "account"
  random: simplify loop in random_read
  random: fix description of get_random_bytes
  random: fix comment on proc_do_uuid
  random: fix typos / spelling errors in comments

arch/powerpc/include/asm/archrandom.h

@@ -25,8 +25,26 @@ static inline int arch_get_random_int(unsigned int *v)
 	return rc;
 }
 
+static inline int arch_has_random(void)
+{
+	return !!ppc_md.get_random_long;
+}
+
 int powernv_get_random_long(unsigned long *v);
 
+static inline int arch_get_random_seed_long(unsigned long *v)
+{
+	return 0;
+}
+static inline int arch_get_random_seed_int(unsigned int *v)
+{
+	return 0;
+}
+static inline int arch_has_random_seed(void)
+{
+	return 0;
+}
+
 #endif /* CONFIG_ARCH_RANDOM */
 
 #endif /* _ASM_POWERPC_ARCHRANDOM_H */

arch/x86/include/asm/archrandom.h

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
  * This file is part of the Linux kernel.
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2011, Intel Corporation
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2014, Intel Corporation
  * Authors: Fenghua Yu <fenghua.yu@intel.com>,
  *          H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>
  *
@@ -31,10 +31,13 @@
 #define RDRAND_RETRY_LOOPS	10
 
 #define RDRAND_INT	".byte 0x0f,0xc7,0xf0"
+#define RDSEED_INT	".byte 0x0f,0xc7,0xf8"
 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
 # define RDRAND_LONG	".byte 0x48,0x0f,0xc7,0xf0"
+# define RDSEED_LONG	".byte 0x48,0x0f,0xc7,0xf8"
 #else
 # define RDRAND_LONG	RDRAND_INT
+# define RDSEED_LONG	RDSEED_INT
 #endif
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_ARCH_RANDOM
@@ -53,6 +56,16 @@ static inline int rdrand_long(unsigned long *v)
 	return ok;
 }
 
+/* A single attempt at RDSEED */
+static inline bool rdseed_long(unsigned long *v)
+{
+	unsigned char ok;
+	asm volatile(RDSEED_LONG "\n\t"
+		     "setc %0"
+		     : "=qm" (ok), "=a" (*v));
+	return ok;
+}
+
 #define GET_RANDOM(name, type, rdrand, nop)			\
 static inline int name(type *v)					\
 {								\
@@ -70,18 +83,40 @@ static inline int name(type *v)					\
 	return ok;						\
 }
 
+#define GET_SEED(name, type, rdseed, nop)			\
+static inline int name(type *v)					\
+{								\
+	unsigned char ok;					\
+	alternative_io("movb $0, %0\n\t"			\
+		       nop,					\
+		       rdseed "\n\t"				\
+		       "setc %0",				\
+		       X86_FEATURE_RDSEED,                      \
+		       ASM_OUTPUT2("=q" (ok), "=a" (*v)));	\
+	return ok;						\
+}
+
 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
 
 GET_RANDOM(arch_get_random_long, unsigned long, RDRAND_LONG, ASM_NOP5);
 GET_RANDOM(arch_get_random_int, unsigned int, RDRAND_INT, ASM_NOP4);
 
+GET_SEED(arch_get_random_seed_long, unsigned long, RDSEED_LONG, ASM_NOP5);
+GET_SEED(arch_get_random_seed_int, unsigned int, RDSEED_INT, ASM_NOP4);
+
 #else
 
 GET_RANDOM(arch_get_random_long, unsigned long, RDRAND_LONG, ASM_NOP3);
 GET_RANDOM(arch_get_random_int, unsigned int, RDRAND_INT, ASM_NOP3);
 
+GET_SEED(arch_get_random_seed_long, unsigned long, RDSEED_LONG, ASM_NOP4);
+GET_SEED(arch_get_random_seed_int, unsigned int, RDSEED_INT, ASM_NOP4);
+
 #endif /* CONFIG_X86_64 */
 
+#define arch_has_random()	static_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_RDRAND)
+#define arch_has_random_seed()	static_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_RDSEED)
+
 #else
 
 static inline int rdrand_long(unsigned long *v)
@@ -89,6 +124,11 @@ static inline int rdrand_long(unsigned long *v)
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static inline bool rdseed_long(unsigned long *v)
+{
+	return 0;
+}
+
 #endif  /* CONFIG_ARCH_RANDOM */
 
 extern void x86_init_rdrand(struct cpuinfo_x86 *c);

drivers/char/random.c

@@ -295,17 +295,17 @@
  * The minimum number of bits of entropy before we wake up a read on
  * /dev/random.  Should be enough to do a significant reseed.
  */
-static int random_read_wakeup_thresh = 64;
+static int random_read_wakeup_bits = 64;
 
 /*
  * If the entropy count falls under this number of bits, then we
  * should wake up processes which are selecting or polling on write
  * access to /dev/random.
  */
-static int random_write_wakeup_thresh = 28 * OUTPUT_POOL_WORDS;
+static int random_write_wakeup_bits = 28 * OUTPUT_POOL_WORDS;
 
 /*
- * The minimum number of seconds between urandom pool resending.  We
+ * The minimum number of seconds between urandom pool reseeding.  We
  * do this to limit the amount of entropy that can be drained from the
  * input pool even if there are heavy demands on /dev/urandom.
  */
@@ -322,7 +322,7 @@ static int random_min_urandom_seed = 60;
  * Register.  (See M. Matsumoto & Y. Kurita, 1992.  Twisted GFSR
  * generators.  ACM Transactions on Modeling and Computer Simulation
  * 2(3):179-194.  Also see M. Matsumoto & Y. Kurita, 1994.  Twisted
- * GFSR generators II.  ACM Transactions on Mdeling and Computer
+ * GFSR generators II.  ACM Transactions on Modeling and Computer
  * Simulation 4:254-266)
  *
  * Thanks to Colin Plumb for suggesting this.
@@ -666,10 +666,10 @@ retry:
 				  r->entropy_total, _RET_IP_);
 
 	if (r == &input_pool) {
-		int entropy_bytes = entropy_count >> ENTROPY_SHIFT;
+		int entropy_bits = entropy_count >> ENTROPY_SHIFT;
 
 		/* should we wake readers? */
-		if (entropy_bytes >= random_read_wakeup_thresh) {
+		if (entropy_bits >= random_read_wakeup_bits) {
 			wake_up_interruptible(&random_read_wait);
 			kill_fasync(&fasync, SIGIO, POLL_IN);
 		}
@@ -678,9 +678,9 @@ retry:
 		 * forth between them, until the output pools are 75%
 		 * full.
 		 */
-		if (entropy_bytes > random_write_wakeup_thresh &&
+		if (entropy_bits > random_write_wakeup_bits &&
 		    r->initialized &&
-		    r->entropy_total >= 2*random_read_wakeup_thresh) {
+		    r->entropy_total >= 2*random_read_wakeup_bits) {
 			static struct entropy_store *last = &blocking_pool;
 			struct entropy_store *other = &blocking_pool;
 
@@ -844,6 +844,8 @@ void add_interrupt_randomness(int irq, int irq_flags)
 	cycles_t		cycles = random_get_entropy();
 	__u32			input[4], c_high, j_high;
 	__u64			ip;
+	unsigned long		seed;
+	int			credit;
 
 	c_high = (sizeof(cycles) > 4) ? cycles >> 32 : 0;
 	j_high = (sizeof(now) > 4) ? now >> 32 : 0;
@@ -862,20 +864,33 @@ void add_interrupt_randomness(int irq, int irq_flags)
 
 	r = nonblocking_pool.initialized ? &input_pool : &nonblocking_pool;
 	__mix_pool_bytes(r, &fast_pool->pool, sizeof(fast_pool->pool), NULL);
+
 	/*
 	 * If we don't have a valid cycle counter, and we see
 	 * back-to-back timer interrupts, then skip giving credit for
-	 * any entropy.
+	 * any entropy, otherwise credit 1 bit.
 	 */
+	credit = 1;
 	if (cycles == 0) {
 		if (irq_flags & __IRQF_TIMER) {
 			if (fast_pool->last_timer_intr)
-				return;
+				credit = 0;
 			fast_pool->last_timer_intr = 1;
 		} else
 			fast_pool->last_timer_intr = 0;
 	}
-	credit_entropy_bits(r, 1);
+
+	/*
+	 * If we have architectural seed generator, produce a seed and
+	 * add it to the pool.  For the sake of paranoia count it as
+	 * 50% entropic.
+	 */
+	if (arch_get_random_seed_long(&seed)) {
+		__mix_pool_bytes(r, &seed, sizeof(seed), NULL);
+		credit += sizeof(seed) * 4;
+	}
+
+	credit_entropy_bits(r, credit);
 }
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_BLOCK
@@ -924,19 +939,19 @@ static void _xfer_secondary_pool(struct entropy_store *r, size_t nbytes)
 {
 	__u32	tmp[OUTPUT_POOL_WORDS];
 
-	/* For /dev/random's pool, always leave two wakeup worth's BITS */
+	/* For /dev/random's pool, always leave two wakeups' worth */
-	int rsvd = r->limit ? 0 : random_read_wakeup_thresh/4;
+	int rsvd_bytes = r->limit ? 0 : random_read_wakeup_bits / 4;
 	int bytes = nbytes;
 
-	/* pull at least as many as BYTES as wakeup BITS */
+	/* pull at least as much as a wakeup */
-	bytes = max_t(int, bytes, random_read_wakeup_thresh / 8);
+	bytes = max_t(int, bytes, random_read_wakeup_bits / 8);
 	/* but never more than the buffer size */
 	bytes = min_t(int, bytes, sizeof(tmp));
 
 	trace_xfer_secondary_pool(r->name, bytes * 8, nbytes * 8,
 				  ENTROPY_BITS(r), ENTROPY_BITS(r->pull));
 	bytes = extract_entropy(r->pull, tmp, bytes,
-				random_read_wakeup_thresh / 8, rsvd);
+				random_read_wakeup_bits / 8, rsvd_bytes);
 	mix_pool_bytes(r, tmp, bytes, NULL);
 	credit_entropy_bits(r, bytes*8);
 }
@@ -952,35 +967,22 @@ static void push_to_pool(struct work_struct *work)
 	struct entropy_store *r = container_of(work, struct entropy_store,
 					      push_work);
 	BUG_ON(!r);
-	_xfer_secondary_pool(r, random_read_wakeup_thresh/8);
+	_xfer_secondary_pool(r, random_read_wakeup_bits/8);
 	trace_push_to_pool(r->name, r->entropy_count >> ENTROPY_SHIFT,
 			   r->pull->entropy_count >> ENTROPY_SHIFT);
 }
 
 /*
- * These functions extracts randomness from the "entropy pool", and
+ * This function decides how many bytes to actually take from the
- * returns it in a buffer.
+ * given pool, and also debits the entropy count accordingly.
- *
- * The min parameter specifies the minimum amount we can pull before
- * failing to avoid races that defeat catastrophic reseeding while the
- * reserved parameter indicates how much entropy we must leave in the
- * pool after each pull to avoid starving other readers.
- *
- * Note: extract_entropy() assumes that .poolwords is a multiple of 16 words.
  */
-
 static size_t account(struct entropy_store *r, size_t nbytes, int min,
 		      int reserved)
 {
-	unsigned long flags;
-	int wakeup_write = 0;
 	int have_bytes;
 	int entropy_count, orig;
 	size_t ibytes;
 
-	/* Hold lock while accounting */
-	spin_lock_irqsave(&r->lock, flags);
-
 	BUG_ON(r->entropy_count > r->poolinfo->poolfracbits);
 
 	/* Can we pull enough? */
@@ -988,29 +990,19 @@ retry:
 	entropy_count = orig = ACCESS_ONCE(r->entropy_count);
 	have_bytes = entropy_count >> (ENTROPY_SHIFT + 3);
 	ibytes = nbytes;
-	if (have_bytes < min + reserved) {
-		ibytes = 0;
-	} else {
 	/* If limited, never pull more than available */
-		if (r->limit && ibytes + reserved >= have_bytes)
+	if (r->limit)
-			ibytes = have_bytes - reserved;
+		ibytes = min_t(size_t, ibytes, have_bytes - reserved);
-
+	if (ibytes < min)
-		if (have_bytes >= ibytes + reserved)
+		ibytes = 0;
-			entropy_count -= ibytes << (ENTROPY_SHIFT + 3);
+	entropy_count = max_t(int, 0,
-		else
+			      entropy_count - (ibytes << (ENTROPY_SHIFT + 3)));
-			entropy_count = reserved << (ENTROPY_SHIFT + 3);
-
 	if (cmpxchg(&r->entropy_count, orig, entropy_count) != orig)
 		goto retry;
 
-		if ((r->entropy_count >> ENTROPY_SHIFT)
-		    < random_write_wakeup_thresh)
-			wakeup_write = 1;
-	}
-	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&r->lock, flags);
-
 	trace_debit_entropy(r->name, 8 * ibytes);
-	if (wakeup_write) {
+	if (ibytes &&
+	    (r->entropy_count >> ENTROPY_SHIFT) < random_write_wakeup_bits) {
 		wake_up_interruptible(&random_write_wait);
 		kill_fasync(&fasync, SIGIO, POLL_OUT);
 	}
@@ -1018,6 +1010,12 @@ retry:
 	return ibytes;
 }
 
+/*
+ * This function does the actual extraction for extract_entropy and
+ * extract_entropy_user.
+ *
+ * Note: we assume that .poolwords is a multiple of 16 words.
+ */
 static void extract_buf(struct entropy_store *r, __u8 *out)
 {
 	int i;
@@ -1029,23 +1027,23 @@ static void extract_buf(struct entropy_store *r, __u8 *out)
 	__u8 extract[64];
 	unsigned long flags;
 
-	/* Generate a hash across the pool, 16 words (512 bits) at a time */
-	sha_init(hash.w);
-	spin_lock_irqsave(&r->lock, flags);
-	for (i = 0; i < r->poolinfo->poolwords; i += 16)
-		sha_transform(hash.w, (__u8 *)(r->pool + i), workspace);
-
 	/*
-	 * If we have a architectural hardware random number
+	 * If we have an architectural hardware random number
-	 * generator, mix that in, too.
+	 * generator, use it for SHA's initial vector
 	 */
+	sha_init(hash.w);
 	for (i = 0; i < LONGS(20); i++) {
 		unsigned long v;
 		if (!arch_get_random_long(&v))
 			break;
-		hash.l[i] ^= v;
+		hash.l[i] = v;
 	}
 
+	/* Generate a hash across the pool, 16 words (512 bits) at a time */
+	spin_lock_irqsave(&r->lock, flags);
+	for (i = 0; i < r->poolinfo->poolwords; i += 16)
+		sha_transform(hash.w, (__u8 *)(r->pool + i), workspace);
+
 	/*
 	 * We mix the hash back into the pool to prevent backtracking
 	 * attacks (where the attacker knows the state of the pool
@@ -1079,6 +1077,15 @@ static void extract_buf(struct entropy_store *r, __u8 *out)
 	memset(&hash, 0, sizeof(hash));
 }
 
+/*
+ * This function extracts randomness from the "entropy pool", and
+ * returns it in a buffer.
+ *
+ * The min parameter specifies the minimum amount we can pull before
+ * failing to avoid races that defeat catastrophic reseeding while the
+ * reserved parameter indicates how much entropy we must leave in the
+ * pool after each pull to avoid starving other readers.
+ */
 static ssize_t extract_entropy(struct entropy_store *r, void *buf,
 				 size_t nbytes, int min, int reserved)
 {
@@ -1129,6 +1136,10 @@ static ssize_t extract_entropy(struct entropy_store *r, void *buf,
 	return ret;
 }
 
+/*
+ * This function extracts randomness from the "entropy pool", and
+ * returns it in a userspace buffer.
+ */
 static ssize_t extract_entropy_user(struct entropy_store *r, void __user *buf,
 				    size_t nbytes)
 {
@@ -1170,8 +1181,9 @@ static ssize_t extract_entropy_user(struct entropy_store *r, void __user *buf,
 /*
  * This function is the exported kernel interface.  It returns some
  * number of good random numbers, suitable for key generation, seeding
- * TCP sequence numbers, etc.  It does not use the hw random number
+ * TCP sequence numbers, etc.  It does not rely on the hardware random
- * generator, if available; use get_random_bytes_arch() for that.
+ * number generator.  For random bytes direct from the hardware RNG
+ * (when available), use get_random_bytes_arch().
  */
 void get_random_bytes(void *buf, int nbytes)
 {
@@ -1238,7 +1250,8 @@ static void init_std_data(struct entropy_store *r)
 	r->last_pulled = jiffies;
 	mix_pool_bytes(r, &now, sizeof(now), NULL);
 	for (i = r->poolinfo->poolbytes; i > 0; i -= sizeof(rv)) {
-		if (!arch_get_random_long(&rv))
+		if (!arch_get_random_seed_long(&rv) &&
+		    !arch_get_random_long(&rv))
 			rv = random_get_entropy();
 		mix_pool_bytes(r, &rv, sizeof(rv), NULL);
 	}
@@ -1281,56 +1294,71 @@ void rand_initialize_disk(struct gendisk *disk)
 }
 #endif
 
+/*
+ * Attempt an emergency refill using arch_get_random_seed_long().
+ *
+ * As with add_interrupt_randomness() be paranoid and only
+ * credit the output as 50% entropic.
+ */
+static int arch_random_refill(void)
+{
+	const unsigned int nlongs = 64;	/* Arbitrary number */
+	unsigned int n = 0;
+	unsigned int i;
+	unsigned long buf[nlongs];
+
+	if (!arch_has_random_seed())
+		return 0;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < nlongs; i++) {
+		if (arch_get_random_seed_long(&buf[n]))
+			n++;
+	}
+
+	if (n) {
+		unsigned int rand_bytes = n * sizeof(unsigned long);
+
+		mix_pool_bytes(&input_pool, buf, rand_bytes, NULL);
+		credit_entropy_bits(&input_pool, rand_bytes*4);
+	}
+
+	return n;
+}
+
 static ssize_t
 random_read(struct file *file, char __user *buf, size_t nbytes, loff_t *ppos)
 {
-	ssize_t n, retval = 0, count = 0;
+	ssize_t n;
 
 	if (nbytes == 0)
 		return 0;
 
-	while (nbytes > 0) {
+	nbytes = min_t(size_t, nbytes, SEC_XFER_SIZE);
-		n = nbytes;
+	while (1) {
-		if (n > SEC_XFER_SIZE)
+		n = extract_entropy_user(&blocking_pool, buf, nbytes);
-			n = SEC_XFER_SIZE;
+		if (n < 0)
-
+			return n;
-		n = extract_entropy_user(&blocking_pool, buf, n);
-
-		if (n < 0) {
-			retval = n;
-			break;
-		}
-
 		trace_random_read(n*8, (nbytes-n)*8,
 				  ENTROPY_BITS(&blocking_pool),
 				  ENTROPY_BITS(&input_pool));
+		if (n > 0)
+			return n;
 
-		if (n == 0) {
+		/* Pool is (near) empty.  Maybe wait and retry. */
-			if (file->f_flags & O_NONBLOCK) {
+
-				retval = -EAGAIN;
+		/* First try an emergency refill */
-				break;
+		if (arch_random_refill())
-			}
+			continue;
+
+		if (file->f_flags & O_NONBLOCK)
+			return -EAGAIN;
 
 		wait_event_interruptible(random_read_wait,
 			ENTROPY_BITS(&input_pool) >=
-				random_read_wakeup_thresh);
+			random_read_wakeup_bits);
-
+		if (signal_pending(current))
-			if (signal_pending(current)) {
+			return -ERESTARTSYS;
-				retval = -ERESTARTSYS;
-				break;
 	}
-
-			continue;
-		}
-
-		count += n;
-		buf += n;
-		nbytes -= n;
-		break;		/* This break makes the device work */
-				/* like a named pipe */
-	}
-
-	return (count ? count : retval);
 }
 
 static ssize_t
@@ -1358,9 +1386,9 @@ random_poll(struct file *file, poll_table * wait)
 	poll_wait(file, &random_read_wait, wait);
 	poll_wait(file, &random_write_wait, wait);
 	mask = 0;
-	if (ENTROPY_BITS(&input_pool) >= random_read_wakeup_thresh)
+	if (ENTROPY_BITS(&input_pool) >= random_read_wakeup_bits)
 		mask |= POLLIN | POLLRDNORM;
-	if (ENTROPY_BITS(&input_pool) < random_write_wakeup_thresh)
+	if (ENTROPY_BITS(&input_pool) < random_write_wakeup_bits)
 		mask |= POLLOUT | POLLWRNORM;
 	return mask;
 }
@@ -1507,18 +1535,18 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL(generate_random_uuid);
 #include <linux/sysctl.h>
 
 static int min_read_thresh = 8, min_write_thresh;
-static int max_read_thresh = INPUT_POOL_WORDS * 32;
+static int max_read_thresh = OUTPUT_POOL_WORDS * 32;
 static int max_write_thresh = INPUT_POOL_WORDS * 32;
 static char sysctl_bootid[16];
 
 /*
- * These functions is used to return both the bootid UUID, and random
+ * This function is used to return both the bootid UUID, and random
  * UUID.  The difference is in whether table->data is NULL; if it is,
  * then a new UUID is generated and returned to the user.
  *
- * If the user accesses this via the proc interface, it will be returned
+ * If the user accesses this via the proc interface, the UUID will be
- * as an ASCII string in the standard UUID format.  If accesses via the
+ * returned as an ASCII string in the standard UUID format; if via the
- * sysctl system call, it is returned as 16 bytes of binary data.
+ * sysctl system call, as 16 bytes of binary data.
  */
 static int proc_do_uuid(struct ctl_table *table, int write,
 			void __user *buffer, size_t *lenp, loff_t *ppos)
@@ -1583,7 +1611,7 @@ struct ctl_table random_table[] = {
 	},
 	{
 		.procname	= "read_wakeup_threshold",
-		.data		= &random_read_wakeup_thresh,
+		.data		= &random_read_wakeup_bits,
 		.maxlen		= sizeof(int),
 		.mode		= 0644,
 		.proc_handler	= proc_dointvec_minmax,
@@ -1592,7 +1620,7 @@ struct ctl_table random_table[] = {
 	},
 	{
 		.procname	= "write_wakeup_threshold",
-		.data		= &random_write_wakeup_thresh,
+		.data		= &random_write_wakeup_bits,
 		.maxlen		= sizeof(int),
 		.mode		= 0644,
 		.proc_handler	= proc_dointvec_minmax,

include/linux/random.h

@@ -88,6 +88,22 @@ static inline int arch_get_random_int(unsigned int *v)
 {
 	return 0;
 }
+static inline int arch_has_random(void)
+{
+	return 0;
+}
+static inline int arch_get_random_seed_long(unsigned long *v)
+{
+	return 0;
+}
+static inline int arch_get_random_seed_int(unsigned int *v)
+{
+	return 0;
+}
+static inline int arch_has_random_seed(void)
+{
+	return 0;
+}
 #endif
 
 /* Pseudo random number generator from numerical recipes. */