crypto: rsa - implement Chinese Remainder Theorem for faster private key operations

Changes from v1:
  * exported mpi_sub and mpi_mul, otherwise the build fails when RSA is a module

The kernel RSA ASN.1 private key parser already supports only private keys with
additional values to be used with the Chinese Remainder Theorem [1], but these
values are currently not used.

This rudimentary CRT implementation speeds up RSA private key operations for the
following Go benchmark up to ~3x.

This implementation also tries to minimise the allocation of additional MPIs,
so existing MPIs are reused as much as possible (hence the variable names are a
bit weird).

The benchmark used:

```
package keyring_test

import (
	"crypto"
	"crypto/rand"
	"crypto/rsa"
	"crypto/x509"
	"io"
	"syscall"
	"testing"
	"unsafe"
)

type KeySerial int32
type Keyring int32

const (
	KEY_SPEC_PROCESS_KEYRING Keyring = -2
	KEYCTL_PKEY_SIGN                 = 27
)

var (
	keyTypeAsym = []byte("asymmetric\x00")
	sha256pkcs1 = []byte("enc=pkcs1 hash=sha256\x00")
)

func (keyring Keyring) LoadAsym(desc string, payload []byte) (KeySerial, error) {
	cdesc := []byte(desc + "\x00")
	serial, _, errno := syscall.Syscall6(syscall.SYS_ADD_KEY, uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&keyTypeAsym[0])), uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&cdesc[0])), uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&payload[0])), uintptr(len(payload)), uintptr(keyring), uintptr(0))
	if errno == 0 {
		return KeySerial(serial), nil
	}

	return KeySerial(serial), errno
}

type pkeyParams struct {
	key_id         KeySerial
	in_len         uint32
	out_or_in2_len uint32
	__spare        [7]uint32
}

// the output signature buffer is an input parameter here, because we want to
// avoid Go buffer allocation leaking into our benchmarks
func (key KeySerial) Sign(info, digest, out []byte) error {
	var params pkeyParams
	params.key_id = key
	params.in_len = uint32(len(digest))
	params.out_or_in2_len = uint32(len(out))

	_, _, errno := syscall.Syscall6(syscall.SYS_KEYCTL, KEYCTL_PKEY_SIGN, uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&params)), uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&info[0])), uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&digest[0])), uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&out[0])), uintptr(0))
	if errno == 0 {
		return nil
	}

	return errno
}

func BenchmarkSign(b *testing.B) {
	priv, err := rsa.GenerateKey(rand.Reader, 2048)
	if err != nil {
		b.Fatalf("failed to generate private key: %v", err)
	}

	pkcs8, err := x509.MarshalPKCS8PrivateKey(priv)
	if err != nil {
		b.Fatalf("failed to serialize the private key to PKCS8 blob: %v", err)
	}

	serial, err := KEY_SPEC_PROCESS_KEYRING.LoadAsym("test rsa key", pkcs8)
	if err != nil {
		b.Fatalf("failed to load the private key into the keyring: %v", err)
	}

	b.Logf("loaded test rsa key: %v", serial)

	digest := make([]byte, 32)
	_, err = io.ReadFull(rand.Reader, digest)
	if err != nil {
		b.Fatalf("failed to generate a random digest: %v", err)
	}

	sig := make([]byte, 256)
	for n := 0; n < b.N; n++ {
		err = serial.Sign(sha256pkcs1, digest, sig)
		if err != nil {
			b.Fatalf("failed to sign the digest: %v", err)
		}
	}

	err = rsa.VerifyPKCS1v15(&priv.PublicKey, crypto.SHA256, digest, sig)
	if err != nil {
		b.Fatalf("failed to verify the signature: %v", err)
	}
}
```

[1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RSA_(cryptosystem)#Using_the_Chinese_remainder_algorithm

Signed-off-by: Ignat Korchagin <ignat@cloudflare.com>
Reported-by: kernel test robot <lkp@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>

crypto/rsa.c

@@ -17,6 +17,11 @@ struct rsa_mpi_key {
 	MPI n;
 	MPI e;
 	MPI d;
+	MPI p;
+	MPI q;
+	MPI dp;
+	MPI dq;
+	MPI qinv;
 };
 
 /*
@@ -35,16 +40,49 @@ static int _rsa_enc(const struct rsa_mpi_key *key, MPI c, MPI m)
 
 /*
  * RSADP function [RFC3447 sec 5.1.2]
- * m = c^d mod n;
+ * m_1 = c^dP mod p;
+ * m_2 = c^dQ mod q;
+ * h = (m_1 - m_2) * qInv mod p;
+ * m = m_2 + q * h;
  */
-static int _rsa_dec(const struct rsa_mpi_key *key, MPI m, MPI c)
+static int _rsa_dec_crt(const struct rsa_mpi_key *key, MPI m_or_m1_or_h, MPI c)
 {
+	MPI m2, m12_or_qh;
+	int ret = -ENOMEM;
+
 	/* (1) Validate 0 <= c < n */
 	if (mpi_cmp_ui(c, 0) < 0 || mpi_cmp(c, key->n) >= 0)
 		return -EINVAL;
 
-	/* (2) m = c^d mod n */
-	return mpi_powm(m, c, key->d, key->n);
+	m2 = mpi_alloc(0);
+	m12_or_qh = mpi_alloc(0);
+	if (!m2 || !m12_or_qh)
+		goto err_free_mpi;
+
+	/* (2i) m_1 = c^dP mod p */
+	ret = mpi_powm(m_or_m1_or_h, c, key->dp, key->p);
+	if (ret)
+		goto err_free_mpi;
+
+	/* (2i) m_2 = c^dQ mod q */
+	ret = mpi_powm(m2, c, key->dq, key->q);
+	if (ret)
+		goto err_free_mpi;
+
+	/* (2iii) h = (m_1 - m_2) * qInv mod p */
+	mpi_sub(m12_or_qh, m_or_m1_or_h, m2);
+	mpi_mulm(m_or_m1_or_h, m12_or_qh, key->qinv, key->p);
+
+	/* (2iv) m = m_2 + q * h */
+	mpi_mul(m12_or_qh, key->q, m_or_m1_or_h);
+	mpi_addm(m_or_m1_or_h, m2, m12_or_qh, key->n);
+
+	ret = 0;
+
+err_free_mpi:
+	mpi_free(m12_or_qh);
+	mpi_free(m2);
+	return ret;
 }
 
 static inline struct rsa_mpi_key *rsa_get_key(struct crypto_akcipher *tfm)
@@ -112,7 +150,7 @@ static int rsa_dec(struct akcipher_request *req)
 	if (!c)
 		goto err_free_m;
 
-	ret = _rsa_dec(pkey, m, c);
+	ret = _rsa_dec_crt(pkey, m, c);
 	if (ret)
 		goto err_free_c;
 
@@ -134,9 +172,19 @@ static void rsa_free_mpi_key(struct rsa_mpi_key *key)
 	mpi_free(key->d);
 	mpi_free(key->e);
 	mpi_free(key->n);
+	mpi_free(key->p);
+	mpi_free(key->q);
+	mpi_free(key->dp);
+	mpi_free(key->dq);
+	mpi_free(key->qinv);
 	key->d = NULL;
 	key->e = NULL;
 	key->n = NULL;
+	key->p = NULL;
+	key->q = NULL;
+	key->dp = NULL;
+	key->dq = NULL;
+	key->qinv = NULL;
 }
 
 static int rsa_check_key_length(unsigned int len)
@@ -217,6 +265,26 @@ static int rsa_set_priv_key(struct crypto_akcipher *tfm, const void *key,
 	if (!mpi_key->n)
 		goto err;
 
+	mpi_key->p = mpi_read_raw_data(raw_key.p, raw_key.p_sz);
+	if (!mpi_key->p)
+		goto err;
+
+	mpi_key->q = mpi_read_raw_data(raw_key.q, raw_key.q_sz);
+	if (!mpi_key->q)
+		goto err;
+
+	mpi_key->dp = mpi_read_raw_data(raw_key.dp, raw_key.dp_sz);
+	if (!mpi_key->dp)
+		goto err;
+
+	mpi_key->dq = mpi_read_raw_data(raw_key.dq, raw_key.dq_sz);
+	if (!mpi_key->dq)
+		goto err;
+
+	mpi_key->qinv = mpi_read_raw_data(raw_key.qinv, raw_key.qinv_sz);
+	if (!mpi_key->qinv)
+		goto err;
+
 	if (rsa_check_key_length(mpi_get_size(mpi_key->n) << 3)) {
 		rsa_free_mpi_key(mpi_key);
 		return -EINVAL;

lib/mpi/mpi-add.c

@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ void mpi_sub(MPI w, MPI u, MPI v)
 	mpi_add(w, u, vv);
 	mpi_free(vv);
 }
-
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(mpi_sub);
 
 void mpi_addm(MPI w, MPI u, MPI v, MPI m)
 {

lib/mpi/mpi-mul.c

@@ -82,6 +82,7 @@ void mpi_mul(MPI w, MPI u, MPI v)
 	if (tmp_limb)
 		mpi_free_limb_space(tmp_limb);
 }
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(mpi_mul);
 
 void mpi_mulm(MPI w, MPI u, MPI v, MPI m)
 {