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Loongson-3A6000 has SMT (Simultaneous Multi-Threading) support, each
physical core has two logical cores (threads). This patch add SMT probe
and scheduler support via ACPI PPTT.
If SCHED_SMT enabled, Loongson-3A6000 is treated as 4 cores, 8 threads;
If SCHED_SMT disabled, Loongson-3A6000 is treated as 8 cores, 8 threads.
Remove smp_num_siblings to support HMP (Heterogeneous Multi-Processing).
Signed-off-by: Liupu Wang <wangliupu@loongson.cn>
Signed-off-by: Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@loongson.cn>
We can see that "Time namespaces are not supported" on LoongArch:
(1) clone3 test
# cd tools/testing/selftests/clone3 && make && ./clone3
...
# Time namespaces are not supported
ok 18 # SKIP Skipping clone3() with CLONE_NEWTIME
# Totals: pass:17 fail:0 xfail:0 xpass:0 skip:1 error:0
(2) timens test
# cd tools/testing/selftests/timens && make && ./timens
...
1..0 # SKIP Time namespaces are not supported
On LoongArch the current kernel does not support CONFIG_TIME_NS which
depends on GENERIC_VDSO_TIME_NS, select GENERIC_VDSO_TIME_NS to enable
CONFIG_TIME_NS to build kernel/time/namespace.c.
Additionally, it needs to define some arch-dependent functions for the
timens, such as __arch_get_timens_vdso_data(), arch_get_vdso_data() and
vdso_join_timens().
At the same time, modify the layout of vvar to use one page size for
generic vdso data, expand another page size for timens vdso data and
assign LOONGARCH_VDSO_DATA_SIZE (maybe exceeds a page size if expand in
the future) for loongarch vdso data, at last add the callback function
vvar_fault() and modify stack_top().
With this patch under CONFIG_TIME_NS:
(1) clone3 test
# cd tools/testing/selftests/clone3 && make && ./clone3
...
ok 18 [739] Result (0) matches expectation (0)
# Totals: pass:18 fail:0 xfail:0 xpass:0 skip:0 error:0
(2) timens test
# cd tools/testing/selftests/timens && make && ./timens
...
# Totals: pass:10 fail:0 xfail:0 xpass:0 skip:0 error:0
Signed-off-by: Tiezhu Yang <yangtiezhu@loongson.cn>
Signed-off-by: Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@loongson.cn>
Confirmed working with QEMU system emulation.
Acked-by: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com>
Signed-off-by: WANG Xuerui <git@xen0n.name>
Signed-off-by: Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@loongson.cn>
This is a port of commit 08f6554ff90e ("mips: Include KBUILD_CPPFLAGS in
CHECKFLAGS invocation") to arch/loongarch, for fixing cross-compilation
of Linux/LoongArch with Clang, where previously the `--target` flag
would no longer be present for the CHECKFLAGS cc invocation leading to
build failure.
Reported-by: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org>
Link: https://github.com/ClangBuiltLinux/linux/issues/1787#issuecomment-1608306002
Signed-off-by: WANG Xuerui <git@xen0n.name>
Signed-off-by: Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@loongson.cn>
This is a port of commit 76d7fff22be3e ("MIPS: VDSO: Use CLANG_FLAGS
instead of filtering out '--target='") to arch/loongarch, for fixing
cross-compilation with Clang.
Reported-by: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org>
Link: https://github.com/ClangBuiltLinux/linux/issues/1787#issuecomment-1608306002
Signed-off-by: WANG Xuerui <git@xen0n.name>
Signed-off-by: Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@loongson.cn>
Now the arch code is mostly ready for LLVM/Clang consumption, it is time
to re-organize the CFLAGS a little to actually enable the LLVM build.
Namely, all -G0 switches from CFLAGS are removed, and -mexplicit-relocs
and -mdirect-extern-access are now wrapped with cc-option (with the
related asm/percpu.h definition guarded against toolchain combos that
are known to not work).
A build with !RELOCATABLE && !MODULE is confirmed working within a QEMU
environment; support for the two features are currently blocked on
LLVM/Clang, and will come later.
Why -G0 can be removed:
In GCC, -G stands for "small data threshold", that instructs the
compiler to put data smaller than the specified threshold in a dedicated
"small data" section (called .sdata on LoongArch and several other
arches).
However, benefiting from this would require ABI cooperation, which is
not the case for LoongArch; and current GCC behave the same whether -G0
(equal to disabling this optimization) is given or not. So, remove -G0
from CFLAGS altogether for one less thing to care about. This also
benefits LLVM/Clang compatibility where the -G switch is not supported.
Why -mexplicit-relocs can now be conditionally applied without
regressions:
Originally -mexplicit-relocs is unconditionally added to CFLAGS in case
of CONFIG_AS_HAS_EXPLICIT_RELOCS, because not having it (i.e. old GCC +
new binutils) would not work: modules will have R_LARCH_ABS_* relocs
inside, but given the rarity of such toolchain combo in the wild, it may
not be worthwhile to support it, so support for such relocs in modules
were not added back when explicit relocs support was upstreamed, and
-mexplicit-relocs is unconditionally added to fail the build early.
Now that Clang compatibility is desired, given Clang is behaving like
-mexplicit-relocs from day one but without support for the CLI flag, we
must ensure the flag is not passed in case of Clang. However, explicit
compiler flavor checks can be more brittle than feature detection: in
this case what actually matters is support for __attribute__((model))
when building modules. Given neither older GCC nor current Clang support
this attribute, probing for the attribute support and #error'ing out
would allow proper UX without checking for Clang, and also automatically
work when Clang support for the attribute is to be added in the future.
Why -mdirect-extern-access is now conditionally applied:
This is actually a nice-to-have optimization that can reduce GOT
accesses, but not having it is harmless either. Because Clang does not
support the option currently, but might do so in the future, conditional
application via cc-option ensures compatibility with both current and
future Clang versions.
Suggested-by: Xi Ruoyao <xry111@xry111.site> # cc-option changes
Signed-off-by: WANG Xuerui <git@xen0n.name>
Signed-off-by: Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@loongson.cn>
The invtlb instruction has been supported by upstream LoongArch
toolchains from day one, so ditch the raw opcode trickery and just use
plain inline asm for it.
While at it, also make the invtlb asm statements barriers, for proper
modeling of the side effects. The functions are also marked as
__always_inline instead of just "inline", because they cannot work at
all if not inlined: the op argument will not be compile-time const in
that case, thus failing to satisfy the "i" constraint.
The signature of the other more specific invtlb wrappers contain unused
arguments right now, but these are not removed right away in order for
the patch to be focused. In the meantime, assertions are added to ensure
no accidental misuse happens before the refactor. (The more specific
wrappers cannot re-use the generic invtlb wrapper, because the ISA
manual says $zero shall be used in case a particular op does not take
the respective argument: re-using the generic wrapper would mean losing
control over the register usage.)
Signed-off-by: WANG Xuerui <git@xen0n.name>
Signed-off-by: Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@loongson.cn>
In addition to less visual clutter, this also makes Clang happy
regarding the const-ness of arguments. In the original approach, all
Clang gets to see is the incoming arguments whose const-ness cannot be
proven without first being inlined; so Clang errors out here while GCC
is fine.
While at it, tweak several printk format strings because the return type
of csr_read64 becomes effectively unsigned long, instead of unsigned
long long.
Signed-off-by: WANG Xuerui <git@xen0n.name>
Signed-off-by: Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@loongson.cn>
The GNU assembler (as of 2.40) mis-treats FCSR operands as GPRs, but
the LLVM IAS does not. Probe for this and refer to FCSRs as "$fcsrNN"
if support is present.
Signed-off-by: WANG Xuerui <git@xen0n.name>
Signed-off-by: Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@loongson.cn>
When the kernel is compiled with LLVM, the register names being handled
during exception fixup building are ABI names instead of bare $rNN
style. Add mapping for the ABI names for LLVM compatibility.
Signed-off-by: WANG Rui <wangrui@loongson.cn>
Signed-off-by: WANG Xuerui <git@xen0n.name>
Signed-off-by: Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@loongson.cn>
Taking the address delta between symbols in different sections is not
supported by the LLVM IAS. Instead, do this in the linker script, so
the same data can be properly referenced in assembly.
Signed-off-by: WANG Rui <wangrui@loongson.cn>
Signed-off-by: WANG Xuerui <git@xen0n.name>
[chenhuacai: Fix build with !CONFIG_EFI_STUB]
Signed-off-by: Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@loongson.cn>
Add guard for the larch_insn_gen_xxx functions to verify whether the
immediate operand is within the acceptable range.
Signed-off-by: WANG Rui <wangrui@loongson.cn>
Signed-off-by: Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@loongson.cn>
Debugfs functions are not supposed to be checked for errors. This
is sort of unusual but it is described in the comments for the
debugfs_create_dir() function. Also debugfs_create_dir() can never
return NULL.
Reviewed-by: WANG Xuerui <git@xen0n.name>
Signed-off-by: Dan Carpenter <dan.carpenter@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@loongson.cn>
ACPI systems set io masters by parsing ACPI MADT, FDT systems have no
MADT so we explicitly set CPU#0 as the io master. Otherwise CPU#0 will
be considered as hotpluggable.
Signed-off-by: Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@loongson.cn>
This modifies our user mode stack expansion code to always take the
mmap_lock for writing before modifying the VM layout.
It's actually something we always technically should have done, but
because we didn't strictly need it, we were being lazy ("opportunistic"
sounds so much better, doesn't it?) about things, and had this hack in
place where we would extend the stack vma in-place without doing the
proper locking.
And it worked fine. We just needed to change vm_start (or, in the case
of grow-up stacks, vm_end) and together with some special ad-hoc locking
using the anon_vma lock and the mm->page_table_lock, it all was fairly
straightforward.
That is, it was all fine until Ruihan Li pointed out that now that the
vma layout uses the maple tree code, we *really* don't just change
vm_start and vm_end any more, and the locking really is broken. Oops.
It's not actually all _that_ horrible to fix this once and for all, and
do proper locking, but it's a bit painful. We have basically three
different cases of stack expansion, and they all work just a bit
differently:
- the common and obvious case is the page fault handling. It's actually
fairly simple and straightforward, except for the fact that we have
something like 24 different versions of it, and you end up in a maze
of twisty little passages, all alike.
- the simplest case is the execve() code that creates a new stack.
There are no real locking concerns because it's all in a private new
VM that hasn't been exposed to anybody, but lockdep still can end up
unhappy if you get it wrong.
- and finally, we have GUP and page pinning, which shouldn't really be
expanding the stack in the first place, but in addition to execve()
we also use it for ptrace(). And debuggers do want to possibly access
memory under the stack pointer and thus need to be able to expand the
stack as a special case.
None of these cases are exactly complicated, but the page fault case in
particular is just repeated slightly differently many many times. And
ia64 in particular has a fairly complicated situation where you can have
both a regular grow-down stack _and_ a special grow-up stack for the
register backing store.
So to make this slightly more manageable, the bulk of this series is to
first create a helper function for the most common page fault case, and
convert all the straightforward architectures to it.
Thus the new 'lock_mm_and_find_vma()' helper function, which ends up
being used by x86, arm, powerpc, mips, riscv, alpha, arc, csky, hexagon,
loongarch, nios2, sh, sparc32, and xtensa. So we not only convert more
than half the architectures, we now have more shared code and avoid some
of those twisty little passages.
And largely due to this common helper function, the full diffstat of
this series ends up deleting more lines than it adds.
That still leaves eight architectures (ia64, m68k, microblaze, openrisc,
parisc, s390, sparc64 and um) that end up doing 'expand_stack()'
manually because they are doing something slightly different from the
normal pattern. Along with the couple of special cases in execve() and
GUP.
So there's a couple of patches that first create 'locked' helper
versions of the stack expansion functions, so that there's a obvious
path forward in the conversion. The execve() case is then actually
pretty simple, and is a nice cleanup from our old "grow-up stackls are
special, because at execve time even they grow down".
The #ifdef CONFIG_STACK_GROWSUP in that code just goes away, because
it's just more straightforward to write out the stack expansion there
manually, instead od having get_user_pages_remote() do it for us in some
situations but not others and have to worry about locking rules for GUP.
And the final step is then to just convert the remaining odd cases to a
new world order where 'expand_stack()' is called with the mmap_lock held
for reading, but where it might drop it and upgrade it to a write, only
to return with it held for reading (in the success case) or with it
completely dropped (in the failure case).
In the process, we remove all the stack expansion from GUP (where
dropping the lock wouldn't be ok without special rules anyway), and add
it in manually to __access_remote_vm() for ptrace().
Thanks to Adrian Glaubitz and Frank Scheiner who tested the ia64 cases.
Everything else here felt pretty straightforward, but the ia64 rules for
stack expansion are really quite odd and very different from everything
else. Also thanks to Vegard Nossum who caught me getting one of those
odd conditions entirely the wrong way around.
Anyway, I think I want to actually move all the stack expansion code to
a whole new file of its own, rather than have it split up between
mm/mmap.c and mm/memory.c, but since this will have to be backported to
the initial maple tree vma introduction anyway, I tried to keep the
patches _fairly_ minimal.
Also, while I don't think it's valid to expand the stack from GUP, the
final patch in here is a "warn if some crazy GUP user wants to try to
expand the stack" patch. That one will be reverted before the final
release, but it's left to catch any odd cases during the merge window
and release candidates.
Reported-by: Ruihan Li <lrh2000@pku.edu.cn>
* branch 'expand-stack':
gup: add warning if some caller would seem to want stack expansion
mm: always expand the stack with the mmap write lock held
execve: expand new process stack manually ahead of time
mm: make find_extend_vma() fail if write lock not held
powerpc/mm: convert coprocessor fault to lock_mm_and_find_vma()
mm/fault: convert remaining simple cases to lock_mm_and_find_vma()
arm/mm: Convert to using lock_mm_and_find_vma()
riscv/mm: Convert to using lock_mm_and_find_vma()
mips/mm: Convert to using lock_mm_and_find_vma()
powerpc/mm: Convert to using lock_mm_and_find_vma()
arm64/mm: Convert to using lock_mm_and_find_vma()
mm: make the page fault mmap locking killable
mm: introduce new 'lock_mm_and_find_vma()' page fault helper
- Introduce cmpxchg128() -- aka. the demise of cmpxchg_double().
The cmpxchg128() family of functions is basically & functionally
the same as cmpxchg_double(), but with a saner interface: instead
of a 6-parameter horror that forced u128 - u64/u64-halves layout
details on the interface and exposed users to complexity,
fragility & bugs, use a natural 3-parameter interface with u128 types.
- Restructure the generated atomic headers, and add
kerneldoc comments for all of the generic atomic{,64,_long}_t
operations. Generated definitions are much cleaner now,
and come with documentation.
- Implement lock_set_cmp_fn() on lockdep, for defining an ordering
when taking multiple locks of the same type. This gets rid of
one use of lockdep_set_novalidate_class() in the bcache code.
- Fix raw_cpu_generic_try_cmpxchg() bug due to an unintended
variable shadowing generating garbage code on Clang on certain
ARM builds.
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
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Merge tag 'locking-core-2023-06-27' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip
Pull locking updates from Ingo Molnar:
- Introduce cmpxchg128() -- aka. the demise of cmpxchg_double()
The cmpxchg128() family of functions is basically & functionally the
same as cmpxchg_double(), but with a saner interface.
Instead of a 6-parameter horror that forced u128 - u64/u64-halves
layout details on the interface and exposed users to complexity,
fragility & bugs, use a natural 3-parameter interface with u128
types.
- Restructure the generated atomic headers, and add kerneldoc comments
for all of the generic atomic{,64,_long}_t operations.
The generated definitions are much cleaner now, and come with
documentation.
- Implement lock_set_cmp_fn() on lockdep, for defining an ordering when
taking multiple locks of the same type.
This gets rid of one use of lockdep_set_novalidate_class() in the
bcache code.
- Fix raw_cpu_generic_try_cmpxchg() bug due to an unintended variable
shadowing generating garbage code on Clang on certain ARM builds.
* tag 'locking-core-2023-06-27' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (43 commits)
locking/atomic: scripts: fix ${atomic}_dec_if_positive() kerneldoc
percpu: Fix self-assignment of __old in raw_cpu_generic_try_cmpxchg()
locking/atomic: treewide: delete arch_atomic_*() kerneldoc
locking/atomic: docs: Add atomic operations to the driver basic API documentation
locking/atomic: scripts: generate kerneldoc comments
docs: scripts: kernel-doc: accept bitwise negation like ~@var
locking/atomic: scripts: simplify raw_atomic*() definitions
locking/atomic: scripts: simplify raw_atomic_long*() definitions
locking/atomic: scripts: split pfx/name/sfx/order
locking/atomic: scripts: restructure fallback ifdeffery
locking/atomic: scripts: build raw_atomic_long*() directly
locking/atomic: treewide: use raw_atomic*_<op>()
locking/atomic: scripts: add trivial raw_atomic*_<op>()
locking/atomic: scripts: factor out order template generation
locking/atomic: scripts: remove leftover "${mult}"
locking/atomic: scripts: remove bogus order parameter
locking/atomic: xtensa: add preprocessor symbols
locking/atomic: x86: add preprocessor symbols
locking/atomic: sparc: add preprocessor symbols
locking/atomic: sh: add preprocessor symbols
...
- Scheduler SMP load-balancer improvements:
- Avoid unnecessary migrations within SMT domains on hybrid systems.
Problem:
On hybrid CPU systems, (processors with a mixture of higher-frequency
SMT cores and lower-frequency non-SMT cores), under the old code
lower-priority CPUs pulled tasks from the higher-priority cores if
more than one SMT sibling was busy - resulting in many unnecessary
task migrations.
Solution:
The new code improves the load balancer to recognize SMT cores with more
than one busy sibling and allows lower-priority CPUs to pull tasks, which
avoids superfluous migrations and lets lower-priority cores inspect all SMT
siblings for the busiest queue.
- Implement the 'runnable boosting' feature in the EAS balancer: consider CPU
contention in frequency, EAS max util & load-balance busiest CPU selection.
This improves CPU utilization for certain workloads, while leaves other key
workloads unchanged.
- Scheduler infrastructure improvements:
- Rewrite the scheduler topology setup code by consolidating it
into the build_sched_topology() helper function and building
it dynamically on the fly.
- Resolve the local_clock() vs. noinstr complications by rewriting
the code: provide separate sched_clock_noinstr() and
local_clock_noinstr() functions to be used in instrumentation code,
and make sure it is all instrumentation-safe.
- Fixes:
- Fix a kthread_park() race with wait_woken()
- Fix misc wait_task_inactive() bugs unearthed by the -rt merge:
- Fix UP PREEMPT bug by unifying the SMP and UP implementations.
- Fix task_struct::saved_state handling.
- Fix various rq clock update bugs, unearthed by turning on the rq clock
debugging code.
- Fix the PSI WINDOW_MIN_US trigger limit, which was easy to trigger by
creating enough cgroups, by removing the warnign and restricting
window size triggers to PSI file write-permission or CAP_SYS_RESOURCE.
- Propagate SMT flags in the topology when removing degenerate domain
- Fix grub_reclaim() calculation bug in the deadline scheduler code
- Avoid resetting the min update period when it is unnecessary, in
psi_trigger_destroy().
- Don't balance a task to its current running CPU in load_balance(),
which was possible on certain NUMA topologies with overlapping
groups.
- Fix the sched-debug printing of rq->nr_uninterruptible
- Cleanups:
- Address various -Wmissing-prototype warnings, as a preparation
to (maybe) enable this warning in the future.
- Remove unused code
- Mark more functions __init
- Fix shadow-variable warnings
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
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Merge tag 'sched-core-2023-06-27' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip
Pull scheduler updates from Ingo Molnar:
"Scheduler SMP load-balancer improvements:
- Avoid unnecessary migrations within SMT domains on hybrid systems.
Problem:
On hybrid CPU systems, (processors with a mixture of
higher-frequency SMT cores and lower-frequency non-SMT cores),
under the old code lower-priority CPUs pulled tasks from the
higher-priority cores if more than one SMT sibling was busy -
resulting in many unnecessary task migrations.
Solution:
The new code improves the load balancer to recognize SMT cores
with more than one busy sibling and allows lower-priority CPUs
to pull tasks, which avoids superfluous migrations and lets
lower-priority cores inspect all SMT siblings for the busiest
queue.
- Implement the 'runnable boosting' feature in the EAS balancer:
consider CPU contention in frequency, EAS max util & load-balance
busiest CPU selection.
This improves CPU utilization for certain workloads, while leaves
other key workloads unchanged.
Scheduler infrastructure improvements:
- Rewrite the scheduler topology setup code by consolidating it into
the build_sched_topology() helper function and building it
dynamically on the fly.
- Resolve the local_clock() vs. noinstr complications by rewriting
the code: provide separate sched_clock_noinstr() and
local_clock_noinstr() functions to be used in instrumentation code,
and make sure it is all instrumentation-safe.
Fixes:
- Fix a kthread_park() race with wait_woken()
- Fix misc wait_task_inactive() bugs unearthed by the -rt merge:
- Fix UP PREEMPT bug by unifying the SMP and UP implementations
- Fix task_struct::saved_state handling
- Fix various rq clock update bugs, unearthed by turning on the rq
clock debugging code.
- Fix the PSI WINDOW_MIN_US trigger limit, which was easy to trigger
by creating enough cgroups, by removing the warnign and restricting
window size triggers to PSI file write-permission or
CAP_SYS_RESOURCE.
- Propagate SMT flags in the topology when removing degenerate domain
- Fix grub_reclaim() calculation bug in the deadline scheduler code
- Avoid resetting the min update period when it is unnecessary, in
psi_trigger_destroy().
- Don't balance a task to its current running CPU in load_balance(),
which was possible on certain NUMA topologies with overlapping
groups.
- Fix the sched-debug printing of rq->nr_uninterruptible
Cleanups:
- Address various -Wmissing-prototype warnings, as a preparation to
(maybe) enable this warning in the future.
- Remove unused code
- Mark more functions __init
- Fix shadow-variable warnings"
* tag 'sched-core-2023-06-27' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (50 commits)
sched/core: Avoid multiple calling update_rq_clock() in __cfsb_csd_unthrottle()
sched/core: Avoid double calling update_rq_clock() in __balance_push_cpu_stop()
sched/core: Fixed missing rq clock update before calling set_rq_offline()
sched/deadline: Update GRUB description in the documentation
sched/deadline: Fix bandwidth reclaim equation in GRUB
sched/wait: Fix a kthread_park race with wait_woken()
sched/topology: Mark set_sched_topology() __init
sched/fair: Rename variable cpu_util eff_util
arm64/arch_timer: Fix MMIO byteswap
sched/fair, cpufreq: Introduce 'runnable boosting'
sched/fair: Refactor CPU utilization functions
cpuidle: Use local_clock_noinstr()
sched/clock: Provide local_clock_noinstr()
x86/tsc: Provide sched_clock_noinstr()
clocksource: hyper-v: Provide noinstr sched_clock()
clocksource: hyper-v: Adjust hv_read_tsc_page_tsc() to avoid special casing U64_MAX
x86/vdso: Fix gettimeofday masking
math64: Always inline u128 version of mul_u64_u64_shr()
s390/time: Provide sched_clock_noinstr()
loongarch: Provide noinstr sched_clock_read()
...
- Initialize FPU late.
Right now FPU is initialized very early during boot. There is no real
requirement to do so. The only requirement is to have it done before
alternatives are patched.
That's done in check_bugs() which does way more than what the function
name suggests.
So first rename check_bugs() to arch_cpu_finalize_init() which makes it
clear what this is about.
Move the invocation of arch_cpu_finalize_init() earlier in
start_kernel() as it has to be done before fork_init() which needs to
know the FPU register buffer size.
With those prerequisites the FPU initialization can be moved into
arch_cpu_finalize_init(), which removes it from the early and fragile
part of the x86 bringup.
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Merge tag 'x86-boot-2023-06-26' of ssh://gitolite.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip
Pull x86 boot updates from Thomas Gleixner:
"Initialize FPU late.
Right now FPU is initialized very early during boot. There is no real
requirement to do so. The only requirement is to have it done before
alternatives are patched.
That's done in check_bugs() which does way more than what the function
name suggests.
So first rename check_bugs() to arch_cpu_finalize_init() which makes
it clear what this is about.
Move the invocation of arch_cpu_finalize_init() earlier in
start_kernel() as it has to be done before fork_init() which needs to
know the FPU register buffer size.
With those prerequisites the FPU initialization can be moved into
arch_cpu_finalize_init(), which removes it from the early and fragile
part of the x86 bringup"
* tag 'x86-boot-2023-06-26' of ssh://gitolite.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
x86/mem_encrypt: Unbreak the AMD_MEM_ENCRYPT=n build
x86/fpu: Move FPU initialization into arch_cpu_finalize_init()
x86/fpu: Mark init functions __init
x86/fpu: Remove cpuinfo argument from init functions
x86/init: Initialize signal frame size late
init, x86: Move mem_encrypt_init() into arch_cpu_finalize_init()
init: Invoke arch_cpu_finalize_init() earlier
init: Remove check_bugs() leftovers
um/cpu: Switch to arch_cpu_finalize_init()
sparc/cpu: Switch to arch_cpu_finalize_init()
sh/cpu: Switch to arch_cpu_finalize_init()
mips/cpu: Switch to arch_cpu_finalize_init()
m68k/cpu: Switch to arch_cpu_finalize_init()
loongarch/cpu: Switch to arch_cpu_finalize_init()
ia64/cpu: Switch to arch_cpu_finalize_init()
ARM: cpu: Switch to arch_cpu_finalize_init()
x86/cpu: Switch to arch_cpu_finalize_init()
init: Provide arch_cpu_finalize_init()
This does the simple pattern conversion of alpha, arc, csky, hexagon,
loongarch, nios2, sh, sparc32, and xtensa to the lock_mm_and_find_vma()
helper. They all have the regular fault handling pattern without odd
special cases.
The remaining architectures all have something that keeps us from a
straightforward conversion: ia64 and parisc have stacks that can grow
both up as well as down (and ia64 has special address region checks).
And m68k, microblaze, openrisc, sparc64, and um end up having extra
rules about only expanding the stack down a limited amount below the
user space stack pointer. That is something that x86 used to do too
(long long ago), and it probably could just be skipped, but it still
makes the conversion less than trivial.
Note that this conversion was done manually and with the exception of
alpha without any build testing, because I have a fairly limited cross-
building environment. The cases are all simple, and I went through the
changes several times, but...
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Now we specify the minimal version of GCC as 5.1 and Clang/LLVM as 11.0.0
in Documentation/process/changes.rst, __CHAR_BIT__ and __SIZEOF_LONG__ are
usable, it is probably fine to unify the definition of __BITS_PER_LONG as
(__CHAR_BIT__ * __SIZEOF_LONG__) in asm-generic uapi bitsperlong.h.
In order to keep safe and avoid regression, only unify uapi bitsperlong.h
for some archs such as arm64, riscv and loongarch which are using newer
toolchains that have the definitions of __CHAR_BIT__ and __SIZEOF_LONG__.
Suggested-by: Xi Ruoyao <xry111@xry111.site>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/d3e255e4746de44c9903c4433616d44ffcf18d1b.camel@xry111.site/
Suggested-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-arch/a3a4f48a-07d4-4ed9-bc53-5d383428bdd2@app.fastmail.com/
Signed-off-by: Tiezhu Yang <yangtiezhu@loongson.cn>
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
The previous patch ("function_graph: Support recording and printing
the return value of function") has laid the groundwork for the for
the funcgraph-retval, and this modification makes it available on
the LoongArch platform.
We introduce a new structure called fgraph_ret_regs for the LoongArch
platform to hold return registers and the frame pointer. We then fill
its content in the return_to_handler and pass its address to the
function ftrace_return_to_handler to record the return value.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/c5462255e435fab363895c2d7433bc0f5a140411.1680954589.git.pengdonglin@sangfor.com.cn
Reviewed-by: Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@loongson.cn>
Signed-off-by: Donglin Peng <pengdonglin@sangfor.com.cn>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (Google) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
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Backmerge tag 'v6.4-rc7' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux into drm-next
Linux 6.4-rc7
Need this to pull in the msm work.
Signed-off-by: Dave Airlie <airlied@redhat.com>
The debugfs_create_dir() returns ERR_PTR in case of an error and the
correct way of checking it is using the IS_ERR_OR_NULL inline function
rather than the simple null comparision. This patch fixes the issue.
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Suggested-By: Ivan Orlov <ivan.orlov0322@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Immad Mir <mirimmad17@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@loongson.cn>
The hardware monitoring points for instruction fetching and load/store
operations need to align 4 bytes and 1/2/4/8 bytes respectively.
Reported-by: Colin King <colin.i.king@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Qing Zhang <zhangqing@loongson.cn>
Signed-off-by: Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@loongson.cn>
LoongArch PMCFG has 10bit event id rather than 8 bit, so fix it.
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Jun Yi <yijun@loongson.cn>
Signed-off-by: Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@loongson.cn>
The "write_fcsr()" macro uses wrong the positions for val and dest in
asm. Fix it!
Reported-by: Miao HAO <haomiao19@mails.ucas.ac.cn>
Signed-off-by: Qi Hu <huqi@loongson.cn>
Signed-off-by: Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@loongson.cn>
When we split a pmd into ptes, pmd_present() and pmd_trans_huge() should
return true, otherwise it would be treated as a swap pmd.
This is the same as arm64 does in commit b65399f6111b ("arm64/mm: Change
THP helpers to comply with generic MM semantics"), we also add a new bit
named _PAGE_PRESENT_INVALID for LoongArch.
Signed-off-by: Hongchen Zhang <zhanghongchen@loongson.cn>
Signed-off-by: Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@loongson.cn>
With the intent to provide local_clock_noinstr(), a variant of
local_clock() that's safe to be called from noinstr code (with the
assumption that any such code will already be non-preemptible),
prepare for things by providing a noinstr sched_clock_read() function.
Specifically, preempt_enable_*() calls out to schedule(), which upsets
noinstr validation efforts.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Tested-by: Michael Kelley <mikelley@microsoft.com> # Hyper-V
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230519102715.502547082@infradead.org
Currently several architectures have kerneldoc comments for
arch_atomic_*(), which is unhelpful as these live in a shared namespace
where they clash, and the arch_atomic_*() ops are now an implementation
detail of the raw_atomic_*() ops, which no-one should use those
directly.
Delete the kerneldoc comments for arch_atomic_*(), along with
pseudo-kerneldoc comments which are in the correct style but are missing
the leading '/**' necessary to be true kerneldoc comments.
There should be no functional change as a result of this patch.
Signed-off-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230605070124.3741859-28-mark.rutland@arm.com
Most architectures define the atomic/atomic64 xchg and cmpxchg
operations in terms of arch_xchg and arch_cmpxchg respectfully.
Add fallbacks for these cases and remove the trivial cases from arch
code. On some architectures the existing definitions are kept as these
are used to build other arch_atomic*() operations.
Signed-off-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230605070124.3741859-5-mark.rutland@arm.com
Update the names of the fb_mem*() helpers to be consistent with their
regular counterparts. Hence, fb_memset() now becomes fb_memset_io(),
fb_memcpy_fromfb() now becomes fb_memcpy_fromio() and fb_memcpy_tofb()
becomes fb_memcpy_toio(). No functional changes.
v6:
* update new file fb_io_fops.c
Signed-off-by: Thomas Zimmermann <tzimmermann@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Reviewed-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
Reviewed-by: Sui Jingfeng <suijingfeng@loongson.cn>
Link: https://patchwork.freedesktop.org/patch/msgid/20230512102444.5438-8-tzimmermann@suse.de
Implement framebuffer I/O helpers, such as fb_read*() and fb_write*(),
in the architecture's <asm/fb.h> header file or the generic one.
The common case has been the use of regular I/O functions, such as
__raw_readb() or memset_io(). A few architectures used plain system-
memory reads and writes. Sparc used helpers for its SBus.
The architectures that used special cases provide the same code in
their __raw_*() I/O helpers. So the patch replaces this code with the
__raw_*() functions and moves it to <asm-generic/fb.h> for all
architectures.
v8:
* remove garbage after commit-message tags
v6:
* fix fb_readq()/fb_writeq() on 64-bit mips (kernel test robot)
v5:
* include <linux/io.h> in <asm-generic/fb>; fix s390 build
v4:
* ia64, loongarch, sparc64: add fb_mem*() to arch headers
to keep current semantics (Arnd)
v3:
* implement all architectures with generic helpers
* support reordering and native byte order (Geert, Arnd)
Signed-off-by: Thomas Zimmermann <tzimmermann@suse.de>
Tested-by: Sui Jingfeng <suijingfeng@loongson.cn>
Reviewed-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Link: https://patchwork.freedesktop.org/patch/msgid/20230512102444.5438-7-tzimmermann@suse.de
- Introduce local{,64}_try_cmpxchg() - a slightly more optimal
primitive, which will be used in perf events ring-buffer code.
- Simplify/modify rwsems on PREEMPT_RT, to address writer starvation.
- Misc cleanups/fixes.
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
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Merge tag 'locking-core-2023-05-05' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip
Pull locking updates from Ingo Molnar:
- Introduce local{,64}_try_cmpxchg() - a slightly more optimal
primitive, which will be used in perf events ring-buffer code
- Simplify/modify rwsems on PREEMPT_RT, to address writer starvation
- Misc cleanups/fixes
* tag 'locking-core-2023-05-05' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
locking/atomic: Correct (cmp)xchg() instrumentation
locking/x86: Define arch_try_cmpxchg_local()
locking/arch: Wire up local_try_cmpxchg()
locking/generic: Wire up local{,64}_try_cmpxchg()
locking/atomic: Add generic try_cmpxchg{,64}_local() support
locking/rwbase: Mitigate indefinite writer starvation
locking/arch: Rename all internal __xchg() names to __arch_xchg()
1, Better backtraces for humanization;
2, Relay BCE exceptions to userland as SIGSEGV;
3, Provide kernel fpu functions;
4, Optimize memory ops (memset/memcpy/memmove);
5, Optimize checksum and crc32(c) calculation;
6, Add ARCH_HAS_FORTIFY_SOURCE selection;
7, Add function error injection support;
8, Add ftrace with direct call support;
9, Add basic perf tools support.
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Merge tag 'loongarch-6.4' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/chenhuacai/linux-loongson
Pull LoongArch updates from Huacai Chen:
- Better backtraces for humanization
- Relay BCE exceptions to userland as SIGSEGV
- Provide kernel fpu functions
- Optimize memory ops (memset/memcpy/memmove)
- Optimize checksum and crc32(c) calculation
- Add ARCH_HAS_FORTIFY_SOURCE selection
- Add function error injection support
- Add ftrace with direct call support
- Add basic perf tools support
* tag 'loongarch-6.4' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/chenhuacai/linux-loongson: (24 commits)
tools/perf: Add basic support for LoongArch
LoongArch: ftrace: Add direct call trampoline samples support
LoongArch: ftrace: Add direct call support
LoongArch: ftrace: Implement ftrace_find_callable_addr() to simplify code
LoongArch: ftrace: Fix build error if DYNAMIC_FTRACE_WITH_REGS is not set
LoongArch: ftrace: Abstract DYNAMIC_FTRACE_WITH_ARGS accesses
LoongArch: Add support for function error injection
LoongArch: Add ARCH_HAS_FORTIFY_SOURCE selection
LoongArch: crypto: Add crc32 and crc32c hw acceleration
LoongArch: Add checksum optimization for 64-bit system
LoongArch: Optimize memory ops (memset/memcpy/memmove)
LoongArch: Provide kernel fpu functions
LoongArch: Relay BCE exceptions to userland as SIGSEGV with si_code=SEGV_BNDERR
LoongArch: Tweak the BADV and CPUCFG.PRID lines in show_regs()
LoongArch: Humanize the ESTAT line when showing registers
LoongArch: Humanize the ECFG line when showing registers
LoongArch: Humanize the EUEN line when showing registers
LoongArch: Humanize the PRMD line when showing registers
LoongArch: Humanize the CRMD line when showing registers
LoongArch: Fix format of CSR lines during show_regs()
...
The ftrace samples need per-architecture trampoline implementations to
save and restore argument registers around the calls to my_direct_func*
and to restore polluted registers (e.g: ra).
Signed-off-by: Qing Zhang <zhangqing@loongson.cn>
Signed-off-by: Youling Tang <tangyouling@loongson.cn>
Signed-off-by: Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@loongson.cn>
Select the HAVE_DYNAMIC_FTRACE_WITH_DIRECT_CALLS to provide the
register_ftrace_direct[_multi] interfaces allowing users to register
the customed trampoline (direct_caller) as the mcount for one or more
target functions. And modify_ftrace_direct[_multi] are also provided
for modifying direct_caller.
There are a few cases to distinguish:
- If a direct call ops is the only one tracing a function AND the direct
called trampoline is within the reach of a 'bl' instruction
-> the ftrace patchsite jumps to the trampoline
- Else
-> the ftrace patchsite jumps to the ftrace_regs_caller trampoline points
to ftrace_list_ops so it iterates over all registered ftrace ops,
including the direct call ops and calls its call_direct_funcs handler
which stores the direct called trampoline's address in the ftrace_regs
and the ftrace_regs_caller trampoline will return to that address
instead of returning to the traced function
Signed-off-by: Qing Zhang <zhangqing@loongson.cn>
Signed-off-by: Youling Tang <tangyouling@loongson.cn>
Signed-off-by: Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@loongson.cn>
In the module processing functions, the same logic can be reused by
implementing ftrace_find_callable_addr().
Signed-off-by: Youling Tang <tangyouling@loongson.cn>
Signed-off-by: Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@loongson.cn>
We can see the following build error if CONFIG_DYNAMIC_FTRACE_WITH_REGS
is not set on LoongArch:
arch/loongarch/kernel/ftrace_dyn.c: In function ‘ftrace_make_call’:
arch/loongarch/kernel/ftrace_dyn.c:167:23: error: implicit declaration of function ‘__get_mod’
167 | ret = __get_mod(&mod, pc);
| ^~~~~~~~~
arch/loongarch/kernel/ftrace_dyn.c:171:24: error: implicit declaration of function ‘get_plt_addr’
171 | addr = get_plt_addr(mod, addr);
| ^~~~~~~~~~~~
The reason is that the __get_mod() and get_plt_addr() may be called in
ftrace_make_{call,nop}.
Signed-off-by: Youling Tang <tangyouling@loongson.cn>
Signed-off-by: Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@loongson.cn>
Add new ftrace_regs_{get,set}_*() helpers which can be used to manipulate
ftrace_regs. When CONFIG_HAVE_DYNAMIC_FTRACE_WITH_ARGS=y, these can always
be used on any ftrace_regs, and when CONFIG_HAVE_DYNAMIC_FTRACE_WITH_ARGS
=n these can be used when regs are available.
Signed-off-by: Qing Zhang <zhangqing@loongson.cn>
Signed-off-by: Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@loongson.cn>
Inspired by the commit 42d038c4fb00f ("arm64: Add support for function
error injection") and the commit ee55ff803b383 ("riscv: Add support for
function error injection"), this patch supports function error injection
for LoongArch.
Mainly implement two functions:
(1) regs_set_return_value() which is used to overwrite the return value,
(2) override_function_with_return() which is used to override the probed
function returning and jump to its caller.
Here is a simple test under CONFIG_FUNCTION_ERROR_INJECTION and
CONFIG_FAIL_FUNCTION:
# echo sys_clone > /sys/kernel/debug/fail_function/inject
# echo 100 > /sys/kernel/debug/fail_function/probability
# dmesg
bash: fork: Invalid argument
# dmesg
...
FAULT_INJECTION: forcing a failure.
name fail_function, interval 1, probability 100, space 0, times 1
...
Call Trace:
[<90000000002238f4>] show_stack+0x5c/0x180
[<90000000012e384c>] dump_stack_lvl+0x60/0x88
[<9000000000b1879c>] should_fail_ex+0x1b0/0x1f4
[<900000000032ead4>] fei_kprobe_handler+0x28/0x6c
[<9000000000230970>] kprobe_breakpoint_handler+0xf0/0x118
[<90000000012e3e60>] do_bp+0x2c4/0x358
[<9000000002241924>] exception_handlers+0x1924/0x10000
[<900000000023b7d0>] sys_clone+0x0/0x4
[<90000000012e4744>] do_syscall+0x7c/0x94
[<9000000000221e44>] handle_syscall+0xc4/0x160
Tested-by: Hengqi Chen <hengqi.chen@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Masami Hiramatsu (Google) <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Tiezhu Yang <yangtiezhu@loongson.cn>
Signed-off-by: Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@loongson.cn>
FORTIFY_SOURCE could detect various overflows at compile and run time.
ARCH_HAS_FORTIFY_SOURCE means that the architecture can be built and run
with CONFIG_FORTIFY_SOURCE. So select it in LoongArch.
See more about this feature from commit 6974f0c4555e285 ("include/linux/
string.h: add the option of fortified string.h functions").
Signed-off-by: Qing Zhang <zhangqing@loongson.cn>
Signed-off-by: Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@loongson.cn>
With a blatant copy of some MIPS bits we introduce the crc32 and crc32c
hw accelerated module to LoongArch.
LoongArch has provided these instructions to calculate crc32 and crc32c:
* crc.w.b.w crcc.w.b.w
* crc.w.h.w crcc.w.h.w
* crc.w.w.w crcc.w.w.w
* crc.w.d.w crcc.w.d.w
So we can make use of these instructions to improve the performance of
calculation for crc32(c) checksums.
As can be seen from the following test results, crc32(c) instructions
can improve the performance by 58%.
Software implemention Hardware acceleration
Buffer size time cost (seconds) time cost (seconds) Accel.
100 KB 0.000845 0.000534 59.1%
1 MB 0.007758 0.004836 59.4%
10 MB 0.076593 0.047682 59.4%
100 MB 0.756734 0.479126 58.5%
1000 MB 7.563841 4.778266 58.5%
Signed-off-by: Min Zhou <zhoumin@loongson.cn>
Signed-off-by: Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@loongson.cn>
LoongArch platform is 64-bit system, which supports 8-bytes memory
accessing, but generic checksum functions use 4-byte memory access.
So add 8-bytes memory access optimization for checksum functions on
LoongArch. And the code comes from arm64 system.
When network hw checksum is disabled, iperf performance improves about
10% with this patch.
Signed-off-by: Bibo Mao <maobibo@loongson.cn>
Signed-off-by: Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@loongson.cn>
Provide kernel_fpu_begin()/kernel_fpu_end() to allow the kernel itself
to use fpu. They can be used by some other kernel components, e.g., the
AMDGPU graphic driver for DCN.
Reported-by: WANG Xuerui <kernel@xen0n.name>
Tested-by: WANG Xuerui <kernel@xen0n.name>
Signed-off-by: Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@loongson.cn>
SEGV_BNDERR was introduced initially for supporting the Intel MPX, but
fell into disuse after the MPX support was removed. The LoongArch
bounds-checking instructions behave very differently than MPX, but
overall the interface is still kind of suitable for conveying the
information to userland when bounds-checking assertions trigger, so we
wouldn't have to invent more UAPI. Specifically, when the BCE triggers,
a SEGV_BNDERR is sent to userland, with si_addr set to the out-of-bounds
address or value (in asrt{gt,le}'s case), and one of si_lower or
si_upper set to the configured bound depending on the faulting
instruction. The other bound is set to either 0 or ULONG_MAX to resemble
a range with both lower and upper bounds.
Note that it is possible to have si_addr == si_lower in case of a
failing asrtgt or {ld,st}gt, because those instructions test for strict
greater-than relationship. This should not pose a problem for userland,
though, because the faulting PC is available for the application to
associate back to the exact instruction for figuring out the
expectation.
Example exception context generated by a faulting `asrtgt.d t0, t1`
(assert t0 > t1 or BCE) with t0=100 and t1=200:
> pc 00005555558206a4 ra 00007ffff2d854fc tp 00007ffff2f2f180 sp 00007ffffbf9fb80
> a0 0000000000000002 a1 00007ffffbf9fce8 a2 00007ffffbf9fd00 a3 00007ffff2ed4558
> a4 0000000000000000 a5 00007ffff2f044c8 a6 00007ffffbf9fce0 a7 fffffffffffff000
> t0 0000000000000064 t1 00000000000000c8 t2 00007ffffbfa2d5e t3 00007ffff2f12aa0
> t4 00007ffff2ed6158 t5 00007ffff2ed6158 t6 000000000000002e t7 0000000003d8f538
> t8 0000000000000005 u0 0000000000000000 s9 0000000000000000 s0 00007ffffbf9fce8
> s1 0000000000000002 s2 0000000000000000 s3 00007ffff2f2c038 s4 0000555555820610
> s5 00007ffff2ed5000 s6 0000555555827e38 s7 00007ffffbf9fd00 s8 0000555555827e38
> ra: 00007ffff2d854fc
> ERA: 00005555558206a4
> CRMD: 000000b0 (PLV0 -IE -DA +PG DACF=CC DACM=CC -WE)
> PRMD: 00000007 (PPLV3 +PIE -PWE)
> EUEN: 00000000 (-FPE -SXE -ASXE -BTE)
> ECFG: 0007181c (LIE=2-4,11-12 VS=7)
> ESTAT: 000a0000 [BCE] (IS= ECode=10 EsubCode=0)
> PRID: 0014c010 (Loongson-64bit, Loongson-3A5000)
Signed-off-by: WANG Xuerui <git@xen0n.name>
Signed-off-by: Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@loongson.cn>
Use ISA manual names for BADV and CPUCFG.PRID lines in show_regs(), for
stylistic consistency with the other lines already touched.
While at it, also include current CPU's full name in show_regs() output.
It may be more helpful for developers looking at the resulting dumps,
because multiple distinct CPU models may share the same PRID. Not having
this info available may hide problems only found on some but not all of
the models sharing one specific PRID.
Signed-off-by: WANG Xuerui <git@xen0n.name>
Signed-off-by: Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@loongson.cn>
