0bb2fd13b6
179 Commits
| Author | SHA1 | Message | Date | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Michal Hocko
|
86a294a81f |
mm, oom, compaction: prevent from should_compact_retry looping for ever for costly orders
"mm: consider compaction feedback also for costly allocation" has
removed the upper bound for the reclaim/compaction retries based on the
number of reclaimed pages for costly orders. While this is desirable
the patch did miss a mis interaction between reclaim, compaction and the
retry logic. The direct reclaim tries to get zones over min watermark
while compaction backs off and returns COMPACT_SKIPPED when all zones
are below low watermark + 1<<order gap. If we are getting really close
to OOM then __compaction_suitable can keep returning COMPACT_SKIPPED a
high order request (e.g. hugetlb order-9) while the reclaim is not able
to release enough pages to get us over low watermark. The reclaim is
still able to make some progress (usually trashing over few remaining
pages) so we are not able to break out from the loop.
I have seen this happening with the same test described in "mm: consider
compaction feedback also for costly allocation" on a swapless system.
The original problem got resolved by "vmscan: consider classzone_idx in
compaction_ready" but it shows how things might go wrong when we
approach the oom event horizont.
The reason why compaction requires being over low rather than min
watermark is not clear to me. This check was there essentially since
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Michal Hocko
|
c8f7de0bfa |
mm, compaction: distinguish between full and partial COMPACT_COMPLETE
COMPACT_COMPLETE now means that compaction and free scanner met. This is not very useful information if somebody just wants to use this feedback and make any decisions based on that. The current caller might be a poor guy who just happened to scan tiny portion of the zone and that could be the reason no suitable pages were compacted. Make sure we distinguish the full and partial zone walks. Consumers should treat COMPACT_PARTIAL_SKIPPED as a potential success and be optimistic in retrying. The existing users of COMPACT_COMPLETE are conservatively changed to use COMPACT_PARTIAL_SKIPPED as well but some of them should be probably reconsidered and only defer the compaction only for COMPACT_COMPLETE with the new semantic. This patch shouldn't introduce any functional changes. Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Acked-by: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net> Cc: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp> Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@virtuozzo.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Michal Hocko
|
1d4746d395 |
mm, compaction: distinguish COMPACT_DEFERRED from COMPACT_SKIPPED
try_to_compact_pages() can currently return COMPACT_SKIPPED even when the compaction is defered for some zone just because zone DMA is skipped in 99% of cases due to watermark checks. This makes COMPACT_DEFERRED basically unusable for the page allocator as a feedback mechanism. Make sure we distinguish those two states properly and switch their ordering in the enum. This would mean that the COMPACT_SKIPPED will be returned only when all eligible zones are skipped. As a result COMPACT_DEFERRED handling for THP in __alloc_pages_slowpath will be more precise and we would bail out rather than reclaim. Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Acked-by: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net> Cc: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp> Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@virtuozzo.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Michal Hocko
|
c46649deae |
mm, compaction: cover all compaction mode in compact_zone
The compiler is complaining after "mm, compaction: change COMPACT_
constants into enum"
mm/compaction.c: In function `compact_zone':
mm/compaction.c:1350:2: warning: enumeration value `COMPACT_DEFERRED' not handled in switch [-Wswitch]
switch (ret) {
^
mm/compaction.c:1350:2: warning: enumeration value `COMPACT_COMPLETE' not handled in switch [-Wswitch]
mm/compaction.c:1350:2: warning: enumeration value `COMPACT_NO_SUITABLE_PAGE' not handled in switch [-Wswitch]
mm/compaction.c:1350:2: warning: enumeration value `COMPACT_NOT_SUITABLE_ZONE' not handled in switch [-Wswitch]
mm/compaction.c:1350:2: warning: enumeration value `COMPACT_CONTENDED' not handled in switch [-Wswitch]
compaction_suitable is allowed to return only COMPACT_PARTIAL,
COMPACT_SKIPPED and COMPACT_CONTINUE so other cases are simply
impossible. Put a VM_BUG_ON to catch an impossible return value.
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@virtuozzo.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Michal Hocko
|
ea7ab982b6 |
mm, compaction: change COMPACT_ constants into enum
Compaction code is doing weird dances between COMPACT_FOO -> int -> unsigned long But there doesn't seem to be any reason for that. All functions which return/use one of those constants are not expecting any other value so it really makes sense to define an enum for them and make it clear that no other values are expected. This is a pure cleanup and shouldn't introduce any functional changes. Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Acked-by: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net> Cc: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp> Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@virtuozzo.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Mel Gorman
|
93ea9964d1 |
mm, page_alloc: remove field from alloc_context
The classzone_idx can be inferred from preferred_zoneref so remove the unnecessary field and save stack space. Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Jesper Dangaard Brouer <brouer@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Mel Gorman
|
c603844bdc |
mm, page_alloc: convert alloc_flags to unsigned
alloc_flags is a bitmask of flags but it is signed which does not necessarily generate the best code depending on the compiler. Even without an impact, it makes more sense that this be unsigned. Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net> Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Jesper Dangaard Brouer <brouer@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Vlastimil Babka
|
fdd048e12c |
mm, compaction: skip blocks where isolation fails in async direct compaction
The goal of direct compaction is to quickly make a high-order page
available for the pending allocation. Within an aligned block of pages
of desired order, a single allocated page that cannot be isolated for
migration means that the block cannot fully merge to a buddy page that
would satisfy the allocation request. Therefore we can reduce the
allocation stall by skipping the rest of the block immediately on
isolation failure. For async compaction, this also means a higher
chance of succeeding until it detects contention.
We however shouldn't completely sacrifice the second objective of
compaction, which is to reduce overal long-term memory fragmentation.
As a compromise, perform the eager skipping only in direct async
compaction, while sync compaction (including kcompactd) remains
thorough.
Testing was done using stress-highalloc from mmtests, configured for
order-4 GFP_KERNEL allocations:
4.6-rc1 4.6-rc1
before after
Success 1 Min 24.00 ( 0.00%) 27.00 (-12.50%)
Success 1 Mean 30.20 ( 0.00%) 31.60 ( -4.64%)
Success 1 Max 37.00 ( 0.00%) 35.00 ( 5.41%)
Success 2 Min 42.00 ( 0.00%) 32.00 ( 23.81%)
Success 2 Mean 44.00 ( 0.00%) 44.80 ( -1.82%)
Success 2 Max 48.00 ( 0.00%) 52.00 ( -8.33%)
Success 3 Min 91.00 ( 0.00%) 92.00 ( -1.10%)
Success 3 Mean 92.20 ( 0.00%) 92.80 ( -0.65%)
Success 3 Max 94.00 ( 0.00%) 93.00 ( 1.06%)
We can see that success rates are unaffected by the skipping.
4.6-rc1 4.6-rc1
before after
User 2587.42 2566.53
System 482.89 471.20
Elapsed 1395.68 1382.00
Times are not so useful metric for this benchmark as main portion is the
interfering kernel builds, but results do hint at reduced system times.
4.6-rc1 4.6-rc1
before after
Direct pages scanned 163614 159608
Kswapd pages scanned 2070139 2078790
Kswapd pages reclaimed 2061707 2069757
Direct pages reclaimed 163354 159505
Reduced direct reclaim was unintended, but could be explained by more
successful first attempt at (async) direct compaction, which is
attempted before the first reclaim attempt in __alloc_pages_slowpath().
Compaction stalls 33052 39853
Compaction success 12121 19773
Compaction failures 20931 20079
Compaction is indeed more successful, and thus less likely to get
deferred, so there are also more direct compaction stalls.
Page migrate success 3781876 3326819
Page migrate failure 45817 41774
Compaction pages isolated 7868232 6941457
Compaction migrate scanned 168160492 127269354
Compaction migrate prescanned 0 0
Compaction free scanned 2522142582 2326342620
Compaction free direct alloc 0 0
Compaction free dir. all. miss 0 0
Compaction cost 5252 4476
The patch reduces migration scanned pages by 25% thanks to the eager
skipping.
[hughd@google.com: prevent nr_isolated_* from going negative]
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Vlastimil Babka
|
a34753d275 |
mm, compaction: reduce spurious pcplist drains
Compaction drains the local pcplists each time migration scanner moves away from a cc->order aligned block where it isolated pages for migration, so that the pages freed by migrations can merge into higher orders. The detection is currently coarser than it could be. The cc->last_migrated_pfn variable should track the lowest pfn that was isolated for migration. But it is set to the pfn where isolate_migratepages_block() starts scanning, which is typically the first pfn of the pageblock. There, the scanner might fail to isolate several order-aligned blocks, and then isolate COMPACT_CLUSTER_MAX in another block. This would cause the pcplists drain to be performed, although the scanner didn't yet finish the block where it isolated from. This patch thus makes cc->last_migrated_pfn handling more accurate by setting it to the pfn of an actually isolated page in isolate_migratepages_block(). Although practical effects of this patch are likely low, it arguably makes the intent of the code more obvious. Also the next patch will make async direct compaction skip blocks more aggressively, and draining pcplists due to skipped blocks is wasteful. Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Vlastimil Babka
|
06b6640a39 |
mm, compaction: wrap calculating first and last pfn of pageblock
Compaction code has accumulated numerous instances of manual calculations of the first (inclusive) and last (exclusive) pfn of a pageblock (or a smaller block of given order), given a pfn within the pageblock. Wrap these calculations by introducing pageblock_start_pfn(pfn) and pageblock_end_pfn(pfn) macros. [vbabka@suse.cz: fix crash in get_pfnblock_flags_mask() from isolate_freepages():] Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Vlastimil Babka
|
172400c69c |
mm: fix kcompactd hang during memory offlining
Assume memory47 is the last online block left in node1. This will hang:
# echo offline > /sys/devices/system/node/node1/memory47/state
After a couple of minutes, the following pops up in dmesg:
INFO: task bash:957 blocked for more than 120 seconds.
Not tainted 4.6.0-rc6+ #6
"echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/hung_task_timeout_secs" disables this message.
bash D ffff8800b7adbaf8 0 957 951 0x00000000
Call Trace:
schedule+0x35/0x80
schedule_timeout+0x1ac/0x270
wait_for_completion+0xe1/0x120
kthread_stop+0x4f/0x110
kcompactd_stop+0x26/0x40
__offline_pages.constprop.28+0x7e6/0x840
offline_pages+0x11/0x20
memory_block_action+0x73/0x1d0
memory_subsys_offline+0x47/0x60
device_offline+0x86/0xb0
store_mem_state+0xda/0xf0
dev_attr_store+0x18/0x30
sysfs_kf_write+0x37/0x40
kernfs_fop_write+0x11d/0x170
__vfs_write+0x37/0x120
vfs_write+0xa9/0x1a0
SyS_write+0x55/0xc0
entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath+0x1a/0xa4
kcompactd is waiting for kcompactd_max_order > 0 when it's woken up to
actually exit. Check kthread_should_stop() to break out of the wait.
Fixes:
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Hugh Dickins
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14af4a5e9b |
mm, cma: prevent nr_isolated_* counters from going negative
/proc/sys/vm/stat_refresh warns nr_isolated_anon and nr_isolated_file go
increasingly negative under compaction: which would add delay when
should be none, or no delay when should delay. The bug in compaction
was due to a recent mmotm patch, but much older instance of the bug was
also noticed in isolate_migratepages_range() which is used for CMA and
gigantic hugepage allocations.
The bug is caused by putback_movable_pages() in an error path
decrementing the isolated counters without them being previously
incremented by acct_isolated(). Fix isolate_migratepages_range() by
removing the error-path putback, thus reaching acct_isolated() with
migratepages still isolated, and leaving putback to caller like most
other places do.
Fixes:
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Vlastimil Babka
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accf62422b |
mm, kswapd: replace kswapd compaction with waking up kcompactd
Similarly to direct reclaim/compaction, kswapd attempts to combine
reclaim and compaction to attempt making memory allocation of given
order available.
The details differ from direct reclaim e.g. in having high watermark as
a goal. The code involved in kswapd's reclaim/compaction decisions has
evolved to be quite complex.
Testing reveals that it doesn't actually work in at least one scenario,
and closer inspection suggests that it could be greatly simplified
without compromising on the goal (make high-order page available) or
efficiency (don't reclaim too much). The simplification relieas of
doing all compaction in kcompactd, which is simply woken up when high
watermarks are reached by kswapd's reclaim.
The scenario where kswapd compaction doesn't work was found with mmtests
test stress-highalloc configured to attempt order-9 allocations without
direct reclaim, just waking up kswapd. There was no compaction attempt
from kswapd during the whole test. Some added instrumentation shows
what happens:
- balance_pgdat() sets end_zone to Normal, as it's not balanced
- reclaim is attempted on DMA zone, which sets nr_attempted to 99, but
it cannot reclaim anything, so sc.nr_reclaimed is 0
- for zones DMA32 and Normal, kswapd_shrink_zone uses testorder=0, so
it merely checks if high watermarks were reached for base pages.
This is true, so no reclaim is attempted. For DMA, testorder=0
wasn't used, as compaction_suitable() returned COMPACT_SKIPPED
- even though the pgdat_needs_compaction flag wasn't set to false, no
compaction happens due to the condition sc.nr_reclaimed >
nr_attempted being false (as 0 < 99)
- priority-- due to nr_reclaimed being 0, repeat until priority reaches
0 pgdat_balanced() is false as only the small zone DMA appears
balanced (curiously in that check, watermark appears OK and
compaction_suitable() returns COMPACT_PARTIAL, because a lower
classzone_idx is used there)
Now, even if it was decided that reclaim shouldn't be attempted on the
DMA zone, the scenario would be the same, as (sc.nr_reclaimed=0 >
nr_attempted=0) is also false. The condition really should use >= as
the comment suggests. Then there is a mismatch in the check for setting
pgdat_needs_compaction to false using low watermark, while the rest uses
high watermark, and who knows what other subtlety. Hopefully this
demonstrates that this is unsustainable.
Luckily we can simplify this a lot. The reclaim/compaction decisions
make sense for direct reclaim scenario, but in kswapd, our primary goal
is to reach high watermark in order-0 pages. Afterwards we can attempt
compaction just once. Unlike direct reclaim, we don't reclaim extra
pages (over the high watermark), the current code already disallows it
for good reasons.
After this patch, we simply wake up kcompactd to process the pgdat,
after we have either succeeded or failed to reach the high watermarks in
kswapd, which goes to sleep. We pass kswapd's order and classzone_idx,
so kcompactd can apply the same criteria to determine which zones are
worth compacting. Note that we use the classzone_idx from
wakeup_kswapd(), not balanced_classzone_idx which can include higher
zones that kswapd tried to balance too, but didn't consider them in
pgdat_balanced().
Since kswapd now cannot create high-order pages itself, we need to
adjust how it determines the zones to be balanced. The key element here
is adding a "highorder" parameter to zone_balanced, which, when set to
false, makes it consider only order-0 watermark instead of the desired
higher order (this was done previously by kswapd_shrink_zone(), but not
elsewhere). This false is passed for example in pgdat_balanced().
Importantly, wakeup_kswapd() uses true to make sure kswapd and thus
kcompactd are woken up for a high-order allocation failure.
The last thing is to decide what to do with pageblock_skip bitmap
handling. Compaction maintains a pageblock_skip bitmap to record
pageblocks where isolation recently failed. This bitmap can be reset by
three ways:
1) direct compaction is restarting after going through the full deferred cycle
2) kswapd goes to sleep, and some other direct compaction has previously
finished scanning the whole zone and set zone->compact_blockskip_flush.
Note that a successful direct compaction clears this flag.
3) compaction was invoked manually via trigger in /proc
The case 2) is somewhat fuzzy to begin with, but after introducing
kcompactd we should update it. The check for direct compaction in 1),
and to set the flush flag in 2) use current_is_kswapd(), which doesn't
work for kcompactd. Thus, this patch adds bool direct_compaction to
compact_control to use in 2). For the case 1) we remove the check
completely - unlike the former kswapd compaction, kcompactd does use the
deferred compaction functionality, so flushing tied to restarting from
deferred compaction makes sense here.
Note that when kswapd goes to sleep, kcompactd is woken up, so it will
see the flushed pageblock_skip bits. This is different from when the
former kswapd compaction observed the bits and I believe it makes more
sense. Kcompactd can afford to be more thorough than a direct
compaction trying to limit allocation latency, or kswapd whose primary
goal is to reclaim.
For testing, I used stress-highalloc configured to do order-9
allocations with GFP_NOWAIT|__GFP_HIGH|__GFP_COMP, so they relied just
on kswapd/kcompactd reclaim/compaction (the interfering kernel builds in
phases 1 and 2 work as usual):
stress-highalloc
4.5-rc1+before 4.5-rc1+after
-nodirect -nodirect
Success 1 Min 1.00 ( 0.00%) 5.00 (-66.67%)
Success 1 Mean 1.40 ( 0.00%) 6.20 (-55.00%)
Success 1 Max 2.00 ( 0.00%) 7.00 (-16.67%)
Success 2 Min 1.00 ( 0.00%) 5.00 (-66.67%)
Success 2 Mean 1.80 ( 0.00%) 6.40 (-52.38%)
Success 2 Max 3.00 ( 0.00%) 7.00 (-16.67%)
Success 3 Min 34.00 ( 0.00%) 62.00 ( 1.59%)
Success 3 Mean 41.80 ( 0.00%) 63.80 ( 1.24%)
Success 3 Max 53.00 ( 0.00%) 65.00 ( 2.99%)
User 3166.67 3181.09
System 1153.37 1158.25
Elapsed 1768.53 1799.37
4.5-rc1+before 4.5-rc1+after
-nodirect -nodirect
Direct pages scanned 32938 32797
Kswapd pages scanned 2183166 2202613
Kswapd pages reclaimed 2152359 2143524
Direct pages reclaimed 32735 32545
Percentage direct scans 1% 1%
THP fault alloc 579 612
THP collapse alloc 304 316
THP splits 0 0
THP fault fallback 793 778
THP collapse fail 11 16
Compaction stalls 1013 1007
Compaction success 92 67
Compaction failures 920 939
Page migrate success 238457 721374
Page migrate failure 23021 23469
Compaction pages isolated 504695 1479924
Compaction migrate scanned 661390 8812554
Compaction free scanned 13476658 84327916
Compaction cost 262 838
After this patch we see improvements in allocation success rate
(especially for phase 3) along with increased compaction activity. The
compaction stalls (direct compaction) in the interfering kernel builds
(probably THP's) also decreased somewhat thanks to kcompactd activity,
yet THP alloc successes improved a bit.
Note that elapsed and user time isn't so useful for this benchmark,
because of the background interference being unpredictable. It's just
to quickly spot some major unexpected differences. System time is
somewhat more useful and that didn't increase.
Also (after adjusting mmtests' ftrace monitor):
Time kswapd awake 2547781 2269241
Time kcompactd awake 0 119253
Time direct compacting 939937 557649
Time kswapd compacting 0 0
Time kcompactd compacting 0 119099
The decrease of overal time spent compacting appears to not match the
increased compaction stats. I suspect the tasks get rescheduled and
since the ftrace monitor doesn't see that, the reported time is wall
time, not CPU time. But arguably direct compactors care about overall
latency anyway, whether busy compacting or waiting for CPU doesn't
matter. And that latency seems to almost halved.
It's also interesting how much time kswapd spent awake just going
through all the priorities and failing to even try compacting, over and
over.
We can also configure stress-highalloc to perform both direct
reclaim/compaction and wakeup kswapd/kcompactd, by using
GFP_KERNEL|__GFP_HIGH|__GFP_COMP:
stress-highalloc
4.5-rc1+before 4.5-rc1+after
-direct -direct
Success 1 Min 4.00 ( 0.00%) 9.00 (-50.00%)
Success 1 Mean 8.00 ( 0.00%) 10.00 (-19.05%)
Success 1 Max 12.00 ( 0.00%) 11.00 ( 15.38%)
Success 2 Min 4.00 ( 0.00%) 9.00 (-50.00%)
Success 2 Mean 8.20 ( 0.00%) 10.00 (-16.28%)
Success 2 Max 13.00 ( 0.00%) 11.00 ( 8.33%)
Success 3 Min 75.00 ( 0.00%) 74.00 ( 1.33%)
Success 3 Mean 75.60 ( 0.00%) 75.20 ( 0.53%)
Success 3 Max 77.00 ( 0.00%) 76.00 ( 0.00%)
User 3344.73 3246.04
System 1194.24 1172.29
Elapsed 1838.04 1836.76
4.5-rc1+before 4.5-rc1+after
-direct -direct
Direct pages scanned 125146 120966
Kswapd pages scanned 2119757 2135012
Kswapd pages reclaimed 2073183 2108388
Direct pages reclaimed 124909 120577
Percentage direct scans 5% 5%
THP fault alloc 599 652
THP collapse alloc 323 354
THP splits 0 0
THP fault fallback 806 793
THP collapse fail 17 16
Compaction stalls 2457 2025
Compaction success 906 518
Compaction failures 1551 1507
Page migrate success 2031423 2360608
Page migrate failure 32845 40852
Compaction pages isolated
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Vlastimil Babka
|
698b1b3064 |
mm, compaction: introduce kcompactd
Memory compaction can be currently performed in several contexts: - kswapd balancing a zone after a high-order allocation failure - direct compaction to satisfy a high-order allocation, including THP page fault attemps - khugepaged trying to collapse a hugepage - manually from /proc The purpose of compaction is two-fold. The obvious purpose is to satisfy a (pending or future) high-order allocation, and is easy to evaluate. The other purpose is to keep overal memory fragmentation low and help the anti-fragmentation mechanism. The success wrt the latter purpose is more The current situation wrt the purposes has a few drawbacks: - compaction is invoked only when a high-order page or hugepage is not available (or manually). This might be too late for the purposes of keeping memory fragmentation low. - direct compaction increases latency of allocations. Again, it would be better if compaction was performed asynchronously to keep fragmentation low, before the allocation itself comes. - (a special case of the previous) the cost of compaction during THP page faults can easily offset the benefits of THP. - kswapd compaction appears to be complex, fragile and not working in some scenarios. It could also end up compacting for a high-order allocation request when it should be reclaiming memory for a later order-0 request. To improve the situation, we should be able to benefit from an equivalent of kswapd, but for compaction - i.e. a background thread which responds to fragmentation and the need for high-order allocations (including hugepages) somewhat proactively. One possibility is to extend the responsibilities of kswapd, which could however complicate its design too much. It should be better to let kswapd handle reclaim, as order-0 allocations are often more critical than high-order ones. Another possibility is to extend khugepaged, but this kthread is a single instance and tied to THP configs. This patch goes with the option of a new set of per-node kthreads called kcompactd, and lays the foundations, without introducing any new tunables. The lifecycle mimics kswapd kthreads, including the memory hotplug hooks. For compaction, kcompactd uses the standard compaction_suitable() and ompact_finished() criteria and the deferred compaction functionality. Unlike direct compaction, it uses only sync compaction, as there's no allocation latency to minimize. This patch doesn't yet add a call to wakeup_kcompactd. The kswapd compact/reclaim loop for high-order pages will be replaced by waking up kcompactd in the next patch with the description of what's wrong with the old approach. Waking up of the kcompactd threads is also tied to kswapd activity and follows these rules: - we don't want to affect any fastpaths, so wake up kcompactd only from the slowpath, as it's done for kswapd - if kswapd is doing reclaim, it's more important than compaction, so don't invoke kcompactd until kswapd goes to sleep - the target order used for kswapd is passed to kcompactd Future possible future uses for kcompactd include the ability to wake up kcompactd on demand in special situations, such as when hugepages are not available (currently not done due to __GFP_NO_KSWAPD) or when a fragmentation event (i.e. __rmqueue_fallback()) occurs. It's also possible to perform periodic compaction with kcompactd. [arnd@arndb.de: fix build errors with kcompactd] [paul.gortmaker@windriver.com: don't use modular references for non modular code] Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Signed-off-by: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Joonsoo Kim
|
7cf91a98e6 |
mm/compaction: speed up pageblock_pfn_to_page() when zone is contiguous
There is a performance drop report due to hugepage allocation and in there half of cpu time are spent on pageblock_pfn_to_page() in compaction [1]. In that workload, compaction is triggered to make hugepage but most of pageblocks are un-available for compaction due to pageblock type and skip bit so compaction usually fails. Most costly operations in this case is to find valid pageblock while scanning whole zone range. To check if pageblock is valid to compact, valid pfn within pageblock is required and we can obtain it by calling pageblock_pfn_to_page(). This function checks whether pageblock is in a single zone and return valid pfn if possible. Problem is that we need to check it every time before scanning pageblock even if we re-visit it and this turns out to be very expensive in this workload. Although we have no way to skip this pageblock check in the system where hole exists at arbitrary position, we can use cached value for zone continuity and just do pfn_to_page() in the system where hole doesn't exist. This optimization considerably speeds up in above workload. Before vs After Max: 1096 MB/s vs 1325 MB/s Min: 635 MB/s 1015 MB/s Avg: 899 MB/s 1194 MB/s Avg is improved by roughly 30% [2]. [1]: http://www.spinics.net/lists/linux-mm/msg97378.html [2]: https://lkml.org/lkml/2015/12/9/23 [akpm@linux-foundation.org: don't forget to restore zone->contiguous on error path, per Vlastimil] Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Reported-by: Aaron Lu <aaron.lu@intel.com> Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Tested-by: Aaron Lu <aaron.lu@intel.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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|
Joonsoo Kim
|
e1409c325f |
mm/compaction: pass only pageblock aligned range to pageblock_pfn_to_page
pageblock_pfn_to_page() is used to check there is valid pfn and all pages in the pageblock is in a single zone. If there is a hole in the pageblock, passing arbitrary position to pageblock_pfn_to_page() could cause to skip whole pageblock scanning, instead of just skipping the hole page. For deterministic behaviour, it's better to always pass pageblock aligned range to pageblock_pfn_to_page(). It will also help further optimization on pageblock_pfn_to_page() in the following patch. Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Aaron Lu <aaron.lu@intel.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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|
Joonsoo Kim
|
623446e4dc |
mm/compaction: fix invalid free_pfn and compact_cached_free_pfn
free_pfn and compact_cached_free_pfn are the pointer that remember restart position of freepage scanner. When they are reset or invalid, we set them to zone_end_pfn because freepage scanner works in reverse direction. But, because zone range is defined as [zone_start_pfn, zone_end_pfn), zone_end_pfn is invalid to access. Therefore, we should not store it to free_pfn and compact_cached_free_pfn. Instead, we need to store zone_end_pfn - 1 to them. There is one more thing we should consider. Freepage scanner scan reversely by pageblock unit. If free_pfn and compact_cached_free_pfn are set to middle of pageblock, it regards that sitiation as that it already scans front part of pageblock so we lose opportunity to scan there. To fix-up, this patch do round_down() to guarantee that reset position will be pageblock aligned. Note that thanks to the current pageblock_pfn_to_page() implementation, actual access to zone_end_pfn doesn't happen until now. But, following patch will change pageblock_pfn_to_page() so this patch is needed from now on. Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Aaron Lu <aaron.lu@intel.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Joonsoo Kim
|
7546934570 |
mm/compaction.c: __compact_pgdat() code cleanuup
This patch uses is_via_compact_memory() to distinguish compaction from sysfs or sysctl. And, this patch also reduces indentation on compaction_defer_reset() by filtering these cases first before checking watermark. There is no functional change. Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Acked-by: Yaowei Bai <baiyaowei@cmss.chinamobile.com> Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Yaowei Bai
|
fec4eb2c8d |
mm/compaction: improve comment for compact_memory tunable knob handler
sysctl_compaction_handler() is the handler function for compact_memory tunable knob under /proc/sys/vm, add the missing knob name to make this more accurate in comment. No functional change. Signed-off-by: Yaowei Bai <baiyaowei@cmss.chinamobile.com> Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Acked-by: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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|
Vlastimil Babka
|
2d1e10412c |
mm, compaction: distinguish contended status in tracepoints
Compaction returns prematurely with COMPACT_PARTIAL when contended or has fatal signal pending. This is ok for the callers, but might be misleading in the traces, as the usual reason to return COMPACT_PARTIAL is that we think the allocation should succeed. After this patch we distinguish the premature ending condition in the mm_compaction_finished and mm_compaction_end tracepoints. The contended status covers the following reasons: - lock contention or need_resched() detected in async compaction - fatal signal pending - too many pages isolated in the zone (only for async compaction) Further distinguishing the exact reason seems unnecessary for now. Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Vlastimil Babka
|
fa6c7b46aa |
mm, compaction: export tracepoints status strings to userspace
Some compaction tracepoints convert the integer return values to strings using the compaction_status_string array. This works for in-kernel printing, but not userspace trace printing of raw captured trace such as via trace-cmd report. This patch converts the private array to appropriate tracepoint macros that result in proper userspace support. trace-cmd output before: transhuge-stres-4235 [000] 453.149280: mm_compaction_finished: node=0 zone=ffffffff81815d7a order=9 ret= after: transhuge-stres-4235 [000] 453.149280: mm_compaction_finished: node=0 zone=ffffffff81815d7a order=9 ret=partial Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Reviewed-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Yaowei Bai
|
21c527a3cb |
mm/compaction.c: add an is_via_compact_memory() helper
Introduce is_via_compact_memory() helper indicating compacting via /proc/sys/vm/compact_memory to improve readability. To catch this situation in __compaction_suitable, use order as parameter directly instead of using struct compact_control. This patch has no functional changes. Signed-off-by: Yaowei Bai <bywxiaobai@163.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net> Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Joonsoo Kim
|
1a16718cf7 |
mm/compaction: correct to flush migrated pages if pageblock skip happens
We cache isolate_start_pfn before entering isolate_migratepages(). If pageblock is skipped in isolate_migratepages() due to whatever reason, cc->migrate_pfn can be far from isolate_start_pfn hence we flush pages that were freed. For example, the following scenario can be possible: - assume order-9 compaction, pageblock order is 9 - start_isolate_pfn is 0x200 - isolate_migratepages() - skip a number of pageblocks - start to isolate from pfn 0x600 - cc->migrate_pfn = 0x620 - return - last_migrated_pfn is set to 0x200 - check flushing condition - current_block_start is set to 0x600 - last_migrated_pfn < current_block_start then do useless flush This wrong flush would not help the performance and success rate so this patch tries to fix it. One simple way to know the exact position where we start to isolate migratable pages is that we cache it in isolate_migratepages() before entering actual isolation. This patch implements that and fixes the problem. Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Vlastimil Babka
|
9fcd6d2e05 |
mm, compaction: skip compound pages by order in free scanner
The compaction free scanner is looking for PageBuddy() pages and skipping all others. For large compound pages such as THP or hugetlbfs, we can save a lot of iterations if we skip them at once using their compound_order(). This is generally unsafe and we can read a bogus value of order due to a race, but if we are careful, the only danger is skipping too much. When tested with stress-highalloc from mmtests on 4GB system with 1GB hugetlbfs pages, the vmstat compact_free_scanned count decreased by at least 15%. Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Acked-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Acked-by: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com> Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Vlastimil Babka
|
29c0dde830 |
mm, compaction: always skip all compound pages by order in migrate scanner
The compaction migrate scanner tries to skip THP pages by their order,
to reduce number of iterations for pages it cannot isolate. The check
is only done if PageLRU() is true, which means it applies to THP pages,
but not e.g. hugetlbfs pages or any other non-LRU compound pages, which
we have to iterate by base pages.
This limitation comes from the assumption that it's only safe to read
compound_order() when we have the zone's lru_lock and THP cannot be
split under us. But the only danger (after filtering out order values
that are not below MAX_ORDER, to prevent overflows) is that we skip too
much or too little after reading a bogus compound_order() due to a rare
race. This is the same reasoning as patch
|
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Vlastimil Babka
|
02333641e2 |
mm, compaction: encapsulate resetting cached scanner positions
Reseting the cached compaction scanner positions is now open-coded in __reset_isolation_suitable() and compact_finished(). Encapsulate the functionality in a new function reset_cached_positions(). Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Acked-by: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com> Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Vlastimil Babka
|
f5f61a320b |
mm, compaction: simplify handling restart position in free pages scanner
Handling the position where compaction free scanner should restart
(stored in cc->free_pfn) got more complex with commit
|
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Vlastimil Babka
|
f2849aa09d |
mm, compaction: more robust check for scanners meeting
Assorted compaction cleanups and optimizations. The interesting patches
are 4 and 5. In 4, skipping of compound pages in single iteration is
improved for migration scanner, so it works also for !PageLRU compound
pages such as hugetlbfs, slab etc. Patch 5 introduces this kind of
skipping in the free scanner. The trick is that we can read
compound_order() without any protection, if we are careful to filter out
values larger than MAX_ORDER. The only danger is that we skip too much.
The same trick was already used for reading the freepage order in the
migrate scanner.
To demonstrate improvements of Patches 4 and 5 I've run stress-highalloc
from mmtests, set to simulate THP allocations (including __GFP_COMP) on
a 4GB system where 1GB was occupied by hugetlbfs pages. I'll include
just the relevant stats:
Patch 3 Patch 4 Patch 5
Compaction stalls 7523 7529 7515
Compaction success 323 304 322
Compaction failures 7200 7224 7192
Page migrate success 247778 264395 240737
Page migrate failure 15358 33184 21621
Compaction pages isolated 906928 980192 909983
Compaction migrate scanned 2005277 1692805 1498800
Compaction free scanned 13255284 11539986 9011276
Compaction cost 288 305 277
With 5 iterations per patch, the results are still noisy, but we can see
that Patch 4 does reduce migrate_scanned by 15% thanks to skipping the
hugetlbfs pages at once. Interestingly, free_scanned is also reduced
and I have no idea why. Patch 5 further reduces free_scanned as
expected, by 15%. Other stats are unaffected modulo noise.
[1] https://lkml.org/lkml/2015/1/19/158
This patch (of 5):
Compaction should finish when the migration and free scanner meet, i.e.
they reach the same pageblock. Currently however, the test in
compact_finished() simply just compares the exact pfns, which may yield
a false negative when the free scanner position is in the middle of a
pageblock and the migration scanner reaches the begining of the same
pageblock.
This hasn't been a problem until commit
|
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Andrew Morton
|
018e9a49a5 |
mm/compaction.c: fix "suitable_migration_target() unused" warning
mm/compaction.c:250:13: warning: 'suitable_migration_target' defined but not used [-Wunused-function] Reported-by: Fengguang Wu <fengguang.wu@gmail.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Gioh Kim
|
195b0c6080 |
mm/compaction: reset compaction scanner positions
When the compaction is activated via /proc/sys/vm/compact_memory it would better scan the whole zone. And some platforms, for instance ARM, have the start_pfn of a zone at zero. Therefore the first try to compact via /proc doesn't work. It needs to reset the compaction scanner position first. Signed-off-by: Gioh Kim <gioh.kim@lge.com> Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Eric B Munson
|
5bbe3547aa |
mm: allow compaction of unevictable pages
Currently, pages which are marked as unevictable are protected from compaction, but not from other types of migration. The POSIX real time extension explicitly states that mlock() will prevent a major page fault, but the spirit of this is that mlock() should give a process the ability to control sources of latency, including minor page faults. However, the mlock manpage only explicitly says that a locked page will not be written to swap and this can cause some confusion. The compaction code today does not give a developer who wants to avoid swap but wants to have large contiguous areas available any method to achieve this state. This patch introduces a sysctl for controlling compaction behavior with respect to the unevictable lru. Users who demand no page faults after a page is present can set compact_unevictable_allowed to 0 and users who need the large contiguous areas can enable compaction on locked memory by leaving the default value of 1. To illustrate this problem I wrote a quick test program that mmaps a large number of 1MB files filled with random data. These maps are created locked and read only. Then every other mmap is unmapped and I attempt to allocate huge pages to the static huge page pool. When the compact_unevictable_allowed sysctl is 0, I cannot allocate hugepages after fragmenting memory. When the value is set to 1, allocations succeed. Signed-off-by: Eric B Munson <emunson@akamai.com> Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz> Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Joonsoo Kim
|
2149cdaef6 |
mm/compaction: enhance compaction finish condition
Compaction has anti fragmentation algorithm. It is that freepage should be more than pageblock order to finish the compaction if we don't find any freepage in requested migratetype buddy list. This is for mitigating fragmentation, but, there is a lack of migratetype consideration and it is too excessive compared to page allocator's anti fragmentation algorithm. Not considering migratetype would cause premature finish of compaction. For example, if allocation request is for unmovable migratetype, freepage with CMA migratetype doesn't help that allocation and compaction should not be stopped. But, current logic regards this situation as compaction is no longer needed, so finish the compaction. Secondly, condition is too excessive compared to page allocator's logic. We can steal freepage from other migratetype and change pageblock migratetype on more relaxed conditions in page allocator. This is designed to prevent fragmentation and we can use it here. Imposing hard constraint only to the compaction doesn't help much in this case since page allocator would cause fragmentation again. To solve these problems, this patch borrows anti fragmentation logic from page allocator. It will reduce premature compaction finish in some cases and reduce excessive compaction work. stress-highalloc test in mmtests with non movable order 7 allocation shows considerable increase of compaction success rate. Compaction success rate (Compaction success * 100 / Compaction stalls, %) 31.82 : 42.20 I tested it on non-reboot 5 runs stress-highalloc benchmark and found that there is no more degradation on allocation success rate than before. That roughly means that this patch doesn't result in more fragmentations. Vlastimil suggests additional idea that we only test for fallbacks when migration scanner has scanned a whole pageblock. It looked good for fragmentation because chance of stealing increase due to making more free pages in certain pageblock. So, I tested it, but, it results in decreased compaction success rate, roughly 38.00. I guess the reason that if system is low memory condition, watermark check could be failed due to not enough order 0 free page and so, sometimes, we can't reach a fallback check although migrate_pfn is aligned to pageblock_nr_pages. I can insert code to cope with this situation but it makes code more complicated so I don't include his idea at this patch. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix CONFIG_CMA=n build] Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Andrey Ryabinin
|
b8c73fc249 |
mm: page_alloc: add kasan hooks on alloc and free paths
Add kernel address sanitizer hooks to mark allocated page's addresses as accessible in corresponding shadow region. Mark freed pages as inaccessible. Signed-off-by: Andrey Ryabinin <a.ryabinin@samsung.com> Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com> Cc: Konstantin Serebryany <kcc@google.com> Cc: Dmitry Chernenkov <dmitryc@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrey Konovalov <adech.fo@gmail.com> Cc: Yuri Gribov <tetra2005@gmail.com> Cc: Konstantin Khlebnikov <koct9i@gmail.com> Cc: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin@oracle.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com> Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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|
Hugh Dickins
|
ff59909a07 |
mm: fix negative nr_isolated counts
The vmstat interfaces are good at hiding negative counts (at least when
CONFIG_SMP); but if you peer behind the curtain, you find that
nr_isolated_anon and nr_isolated_file soon go negative, and grow ever
more negative: so they can absorb larger and larger numbers of isolated
pages, yet still appear to be zero.
I'm happy to avoid a congestion_wait() when too_many_isolated() myself;
but I guess it's there for a good reason, in which case we ought to get
too_many_isolated() working again.
The imbalance comes from isolate_migratepages()'s ISOLATE_ABORT case:
putback_movable_pages() decrements the NR_ISOLATED counts, but we forgot
to call acct_isolated() to increment them.
It is possible that the bug whcih this patch fixes could cause OOM kills
when the system still has a lot of reclaimable page cache.
Fixes:
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Joonsoo Kim
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932ff6bbbd |
mm/compaction: stop the isolation when we isolate enough freepage
Currently, freepage isolation in one pageblock doesn't consider how many freepages we isolate. When I traced flow of compaction, compaction sometimes isolates more than 256 freepages to migrate just 32 pages. In this patch, freepage isolation is stopped at the point that we have more isolated freepage than isolated page for migration. This results in slowing down free page scanner and make compaction success rate higher. stress-highalloc test in mmtests with non movable order 7 allocation shows increase of compaction success rate. Compaction success rate (Compaction success * 100 / Compaction stalls, %) 27.13 : 31.82 pfn where both scanners meets on compaction complete (separate test due to enormous tracepoint buffer) (zone_start=4096, zone_end=1048576) 586034 : 654378 In fact, I didn't fully understand why this patch results in such good result. There was a guess that not used freepages are released to pcp list and on next compaction trial we won't isolate them again so compaction success rate would decrease. To prevent this effect, I tested with adding pcp drain code on release_freepages(), but, it has no good effect. Anyway, this patch reduces waste time to isolate unneeded freepages so seems reasonable. Vlastimil said: : I briefly tried it on top of the pivot-changing series and with order-9 : allocations it reduced free page scanned counter by almost 10%. No effect : on success rates (maybe because pivot changing already took care of the : scanners meeting problem) but the scanning reduction is good on its own. : : It also explains why |
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Joonsoo Kim
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372549c2a3 |
mm/compaction: fix wrong order check in compact_finished()
What we want to check here is whether there is highorder freepage in buddy
list of other migratetype in order to steal it without fragmentation.
But, current code just checks cc->order which means allocation request
order. So, this is wrong.
Without this fix, non-movable synchronous compaction below pageblock order
would not stopped until compaction is complete, because migratetype of
most pageblocks are movable and high order freepage made by compaction is
usually on movable type buddy list.
There is some report related to this bug. See below link.
http://www.spinics.net/lists/linux-mm/msg81666.html
Although the issued system still has load spike comes from compaction,
this makes that system completely stable and responsive according to his
report.
stress-highalloc test in mmtests with non movable order 7 allocation
doesn't show any notable difference in allocation success rate, but, it
shows more compaction success rate.
Compaction success rate (Compaction success * 100 / Compaction stalls, %)
18.47 : 28.94
Fixes:
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Joonsoo Kim
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24e2716f63 |
mm/compaction: add tracepoint to observe behaviour of compaction defer
Compaction deferring logic is heavy hammer that block the way to the compaction. It doesn't consider overall system state, so it could prevent user from doing compaction falsely. In other words, even if system has enough range of memory to compact, compaction would be skipped due to compaction deferring logic. This patch add new tracepoint to understand work of deferring logic. This will also help to check compaction success and fail. Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Joonsoo Kim
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837d026d56 |
mm/compaction: more trace to understand when/why compaction start/finish
It is not well analyzed that when/why compaction start/finish or not. With these new tracepoints, we can know much more about start/finish reason of compaction. I can find following bug with these tracepoint. http://www.spinics.net/lists/linux-mm/msg81582.html Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Joonsoo Kim
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e34d85f0e3 |
mm/compaction: print current range where compaction work
It'd be useful to know current range where compaction work for detailed analysis. With it, we can know pageblock where we actually scan and isolate, and, how much pages we try in that pageblock and can guess why it doesn't become freepage with pageblock order roughly. Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Joonsoo Kim
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16c4a097a0 |
mm/compaction: enhance tracepoint output for compaction begin/end
We now have tracepoint for begin event of compaction and it prints start position of both scanners, but, tracepoint for end event of compaction doesn't print finish position of both scanners. It'd be also useful to know finish position of both scanners so this patch add it. It will help to find odd behavior or problem on compaction internal logic. And mode is added to both begin/end tracepoint output, since according to mode, compaction behavior is quite different. And lastly, status format is changed to string rather than status number for readability. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix sparse warning] Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Dan Carpenter <dan.carpenter@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Vlastimil Babka
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1a6d53a105 |
mm: reduce try_to_compact_pages parameters
Expand the usage of the struct alloc_context introduced in the previous patch also for calling try_to_compact_pages(), to reduce the number of its parameters. Since the function is in different compilation unit, we need to move alloc_context definition in the shared mm/internal.h header. With this change we get simpler code and small savings of code size and stack usage: add/remove: 0/0 grow/shrink: 0/1 up/down: 0/-27 (-27) function old new delta __alloc_pages_direct_compact 283 256 -27 add/remove: 0/0 grow/shrink: 0/1 up/down: 0/-13 (-13) function old new delta try_to_compact_pages 582 569 -13 Stack usage of __alloc_pages_direct_compact goes from 24 to none (per scripts/checkstack.pl). Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: "Aneesh Kumar K.V" <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Vlastimil Babka
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fdaf7f5c40 |
mm, compaction: more focused lru and pcplists draining
The goal of memory compaction is to create high-order freepages through page migration. Page migration however puts pages on the per-cpu lru_add cache, which is later flushed to per-cpu pcplists, and only after pcplists are drained the pages can actually merge. This can happen due to the per-cpu caches becoming full through further freeing, or explicitly. During direct compaction, it is useful to do the draining explicitly so that pages merge as soon as possible and compaction can detect success immediately and keep the latency impact at minimum. However the current implementation is far from ideal. Draining is done only in __alloc_pages_direct_compact(), after all zones were already compacted, and the decisions to continue or stop compaction in individual zones was done without the last batch of migrations being merged. It is also missing the draining of lru_add cache before the pcplists. This patch moves the draining for direct compaction into compact_zone(). It adds the missing lru_cache draining and uses the newly introduced single zone pcplists draining to reduce overhead and avoid impact on unrelated zones. Draining is only performed when it can actually lead to merging of a page of desired order (passed by cc->order). This means it is only done when migration occurred in the previously scanned cc->order aligned block(s) and the migration scanner is now pointing to the next cc->order aligned block. The patch has been tested with stress-highalloc benchmark from mmtests. Although overal allocation success rates of the benchmark were not affected, the number of detected compaction successes has doubled. This suggests that allocations were previously successful due to implicit merging caused by background activity, making a later allocation attempt succeed immediately, but not attributing the success to compaction. Since stress-highalloc always tries to allocate almost the whole memory, it cannot show the improvement in its reported success rate metric. However after this patch, compaction should detect success and terminate earlier, reducing the direct compaction latencies in a real scenario. Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com> Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Vlastimil Babka
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6bace090a2 |
mm, compaction: always update cached scanner positions
Compaction caches the migration and free scanner positions between
compaction invocations, so that the whole zone gets eventually scanned and
there is no bias towards the initial scanner positions at the
beginning/end of the zone.
The cached positions are continuously updated as scanners progress and the
updating stops as soon as a page is successfully isolated. The reasoning
behind this is that a pageblock where isolation succeeded is likely to
succeed again in near future and it should be worth revisiting it.
However, the downside is that potentially many pages are rescanned without
successful isolation. At worst, there might be a page where isolation
from LRU succeeds but migration fails (potentially always). So upon
encountering this page, cached position would always stop being updated
for no good reason. It might have been useful to let such page be
rescanned with sync compaction after async one failed, but this is now
handled by caching scanner position for async and sync mode separately
since commit
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Vlastimil Babka
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f866979539 |
mm, compaction: defer only on COMPACT_COMPLETE
Deferred compaction is employed to avoid compacting zone where sync direct compaction has recently failed. As such, it makes sense to only defer when a full zone was scanned, which is when compact_zone returns with COMPACT_COMPLETE. It's less useful to defer when compact_zone returns with apparent success (COMPACT_PARTIAL), followed by a watermark check failure, which can happen due to parallel allocation activity. It also does not make much sense to defer compaction which was completely skipped (COMPACT_SKIP) for being unsuitable in the first place. This patch therefore makes deferred compaction trigger only when COMPACT_COMPLETE is returned from compact_zone(). Results of stress-highalloc becnmark show the difference is within measurement error, so the issue is rather cosmetic. Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com> Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Vlastimil Babka
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97d47a65be |
mm, compaction: simplify deferred compaction
Since commit
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Vlastimil Babka
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ebff398017 |
mm, compaction: pass classzone_idx and alloc_flags to watermark checking
Compaction relies on zone watermark checks for decisions such as if it's worth to start compacting in compaction_suitable() or whether compaction should stop in compact_finished(). The watermark checks take classzone_idx and alloc_flags parameters, which are related to the memory allocation request. But from the context of compaction they are currently passed as 0, including the direct compaction which is invoked to satisfy the allocation request, and could therefore know the proper values. The lack of proper values can lead to mismatch between decisions taken during compaction and decisions related to the allocation request. Lack of proper classzone_idx value means that lowmem_reserve is not taken into account. This has manifested (during recent changes to deferred compaction) when DMA zone was used as fallback for preferred Normal zone. compaction_suitable() without proper classzone_idx would think that the watermarks are already satisfied, but watermark check in get_page_from_freelist() would fail. Because of this problem, deferring compaction has extra complexity that can be removed in the following patch. The issue (not confirmed in practice) with missing alloc_flags is opposite in nature. For allocations that include ALLOC_HIGH, ALLOC_HIGHER or ALLOC_CMA in alloc_flags (the last includes all MOVABLE allocations on CMA-enabled systems) the watermark checking in compaction with 0 passed will be stricter than in get_page_from_freelist(). In these cases compaction might be running for a longer time than is really needed. Another issue compaction_suitable() is that the check for "does the zone need compaction at all?" comes only after the check "does the zone have enough free free pages to succeed compaction". The latter considers extra pages for migration and can therefore in some situations fail and return COMPACT_SKIPPED, although the high-order allocation would succeed and we should return COMPACT_PARTIAL. This patch fixes these problems by adding alloc_flags and classzone_idx to struct compact_control and related functions involved in direct compaction and watermark checking. Where possible, all other callers of compaction_suitable() pass proper values where those are known. This is currently limited to classzone_idx, which is sometimes known in kswapd context. However, the direct reclaim callers should_continue_reclaim() and compaction_ready() do not currently know the proper values, so the coordination between reclaim and compaction may still not be as accurate as it could. This can be fixed later, if it's shown to be an issue. Additionaly the checks in compact_suitable() are reordered to address the second issue described above. The effect of this patch should be slightly better high-order allocation success rates and/or less compaction overhead, depending on the type of allocations and presence of CMA. It allows simplifying deferred compaction code in a followup patch. When testing with stress-highalloc, there was some slight improvement (which might be just due to variance) in success rates of non-THP-like allocations. Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com> Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Vlastimil Babka
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1d5bfe1ffb |
mm, compaction: prevent infinite loop in compact_zone
Several people have reported occasionally seeing processes stuck in compact_zone(), even triggering soft lockups, in 3.18-rc2+. Testing a revert of commit |
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Joonsoo Kim
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5842001630 |
mm/compaction: skip the range until proper target pageblock is met
Commit
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Joonsoo Kim
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6ea41c0c0a |
mm/compaction.c: avoid premature range skip in isolate_migratepages_range
Commit
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Konstantin Khlebnikov
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d6d86c0a7f |
mm/balloon_compaction: redesign ballooned pages management
Sasha Levin reported KASAN splash inside isolate_migratepages_range(). Problem is in the function __is_movable_balloon_page() which tests AS_BALLOON_MAP in page->mapping->flags. This function has no protection against anonymous pages. As result it tried to check address space flags inside struct anon_vma. Further investigation shows more problems in current implementation: * Special branch in __unmap_and_move() never works: balloon_page_movable() checks page flags and page_count. In __unmap_and_move() page is locked, reference counter is elevated, thus balloon_page_movable() always fails. As a result execution goes to the normal migration path. virtballoon_migratepage() returns MIGRATEPAGE_BALLOON_SUCCESS instead of MIGRATEPAGE_SUCCESS, move_to_new_page() thinks this is an error code and assigns newpage->mapping to NULL. Newly migrated page lose connectivity with balloon an all ability for further migration. * lru_lock erroneously required in isolate_migratepages_range() for isolation ballooned page. This function releases lru_lock periodically, this makes migration mostly impossible for some pages. * balloon_page_dequeue have a tight race with balloon_page_isolate: balloon_page_isolate could be executed in parallel with dequeue between picking page from list and locking page_lock. Race is rare because they use trylock_page() for locking. This patch fixes all of them. Instead of fake mapping with special flag this patch uses special state of page->_mapcount: PAGE_BALLOON_MAPCOUNT_VALUE = -256. Buddy allocator uses PAGE_BUDDY_MAPCOUNT_VALUE = -128 for similar purpose. Storing mark directly in struct page makes everything safer and easier. PagePrivate is used to mark pages present in page list (i.e. not isolated, like PageLRU for normal pages). It replaces special rules for reference counter and makes balloon migration similar to migration of normal pages. This flag is protected by page_lock together with link to the balloon device. Signed-off-by: Konstantin Khlebnikov <k.khlebnikov@samsung.com> Reported-by: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin@oracle.com> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/p/53E6CEAA.9020105@oracle.com Cc: Rafael Aquini <aquini@redhat.com> Cc: Andrey Ryabinin <ryabinin.a.a@gmail.com> Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> [3.8+] Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |