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There are two separate issues that can lead to corrupted free space
trees.
1. The free space tree bitmaps had an endianness issue on big-endian
systems which is fixed by an earlier patch in this series.
2. btrfs-progs before v4.7.3 modified filesystems without updating the
free space tree.
To catch both of these issues at once, we need to force the free space
tree to be rebuilt. To do so, add a FREE_SPACE_TREE_VALID compat_ro bit.
If the bit isn't set, we know that it was either produced by a broken
big-endian kernel or may have been corrupted by btrfs-progs.
This also provides us with a way to add rudimentary read-write support
for the free space tree to btrfs-progs: it can just clear this bit and
have the kernel rebuild the free space tree.
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # 4.5+
Tested-by: Holger Hoffstätte <holger@applied-asynchrony.com>
Tested-by: Chandan Rajendra <chandan@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Omar Sandoval <osandov@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com>
Add a new fallocate mode flag that explicitly unshares blocks on
filesystems that support such features. The new flag can only
be used with an allocate-mode fallocate call.
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
Introduce XFLAGs for the new XFS CoW extent size hint, and actually
plumb the CoW extent size hint into the fsxattr structure.
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Add a new INIT flag, FUSE_POSIX_ACL, for negotiating ACL support with
userspace. When it is set in the INIT response, ACL support will be
enabled. ACL support also implies "default_permissions".
When ACL support is enabled, the kernel will cache and have responsibility
for enforcing ACLs. ACL xattrs will be passed to userspace, which is
responsible for updating the ACLs in the filesystem, keeping the file mode
in sync, and inheritance of default ACLs when new filesystem nodes are
created.
Signed-off-by: Seth Forshee <seth.forshee@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Miklos Szeredi <mszeredi@redhat.com>
Only userspace filesystem can do the killing of suid/sgid without races.
So introduce an INIT flag and negotiate support for this.
Signed-off-by: Miklos Szeredi <mszeredi@redhat.com>
Apart from the cleanups done by Morimoto-san this has very much been a
driver focused release with very little generic change:
- A big factoring out of the simple-card code to allow it to be shared
more with the rcar generic card from Kuninori Morimoto.
- Removal of some operations duplicated on the CODEC level, again by
Kuninori Morimoto.
- Lots more machine support for x86 systems.
- New drivers for Nuvoton NAU88C10, Realtek RT5660 and RT5663.
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Merge tag 'asoc-v4.9' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/broonie/sound into for-next
ASoC: Updates for v4.9
Apart from the cleanups done by Morimoto-san this has very much been a
driver focused release with very little generic change:
- A big factoring out of the simple-card code to allow it to be shared
more with the rcar generic card from Kuninori Morimoto.
- Removal of some operations duplicated on the CODEC level, again by
Kuninori Morimoto.
- Lots more machine support for x86 systems.
- New drivers for Nuvoton NAU88C10, Realtek RT5660 and RT5663.
Provide a function that reports NAN DE function termination. The function
may be terminated due to one of the following reasons: user request,
ttl expiration or failure.
If the NAN instance is tied to the owner, the notification will be
sent to the socket that started the NAN interface only
Signed-off-by: Andrei Otcheretianski <andrei.otcheretianski@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Emmanuel Grumbach <emmanuel.grumbach@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Luca Coelho <luciano.coelho@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Johannes Berg <johannes.berg@intel.com>
Provide a function the driver can call to report a match.
This will send the event to the user space.
If the NAN instance is tied to the owner, the notifications will be
sent to the socket that started the NAN interface only.
Signed-off-by: Andrei Otcheretianski <andrei.otcheretianski@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Emmanuel Grumbach <emmanuel.grumbach@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Luca Coelho <luciano.coelho@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Johannes Berg <johannes.berg@intel.com>
Some NAN configuration paramaters may change during the operation of
the NAN device. For example, a user may want to update master preference
value when the device gets plugged/unplugged to the power.
Add API that allows to do so.
Signed-off-by: Andrei Otcheretianski <andrei.otcheretianski@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Emmanuel Grumbach <emmanuel.grumbach@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Luca Coelho <luciano.coelho@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Johannes Berg <johannes.berg@intel.com>
A NAN function can be either publish, subscribe or follow
up. Make all the necessary verifications and just pass the
request to the driver.
Allow the user space application that starts NAN to
forbid any other socket to add or remove functions.
Signed-off-by: Andrei Otcheretianski <andrei.otcheretianski@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Emmanuel Grumbach <emmanuel.grumbach@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Ayala Beker <ayala.beker@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Luca Coelho <luciano.coelho@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Johannes Berg <johannes.berg@intel.com>
This allows user space to start/stop NAN interface.
A NAN interface is like P2P device in a few aspects: it
doesn't have a netdev associated to it.
Add the new interface type and prevent operations that
can't be executed on NAN interface like scan.
Define several attributes that may be configured by user space
when starting NAN functionality (master preference and dual
band operation)
Signed-off-by: Andrei Otcheretianski <andrei.otcheretianski@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Emmanuel Grumbach <emmanuel.grumbach@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Luca Coelho <luciano.coelho@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Johannes Berg <johannes.berg@intel.com>
This implements:
https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7559
Backoff is performed according to RFC3315 section 14:
https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3315#section-14
We allow setting /proc/sys/net/ipv6/conf/*/router_solicitations
to a negative value meaning an unlimited number of retransmits,
and we make this the new default (inline with the RFC).
We also add a new setting:
/proc/sys/net/ipv6/conf/*/router_solicitation_max_interval
defaulting to 1 hour (per RFC recommendation).
Signed-off-by: Maciej Żenczykowski <maze@google.com>
Acked-by: Erik Kline <ek@google.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
This patch adds a simple device driver to expose the iBT interface on
Aspeed SOCs (AST2400 and AST2500) as a character device. Such SOCs are
commonly used as BMCs (BaseBoard Management Controllers) and this
driver implements the BMC side of the BT interface.
The BT (Block Transfer) interface is used to perform in-band IPMI
communication between a host and its BMC. Entire messages are buffered
before sending a notification to the other end, host or BMC, that
there is data to be read. Usually, the host emits requests and the BMC
responses but the specification provides a mean for the BMC to send
SMS Attention (BMC-to-Host attention or System Management Software
attention) messages.
For this purpose, the driver introduces a specific ioctl on the
device: 'BT_BMC_IOCTL_SMS_ATN' that can be used by the system running
on the BMC to signal the host of such an event.
The device name defaults to '/dev/ipmi-bt-host'
Signed-off-by: Alistair Popple <alistair@popple.id.au>
Signed-off-by: Jeremy Kerr <jk@ozlabs.org>
Signed-off-by: Joel Stanley <joel@jms.id.au>
[clg: - checkpatch fixes
- added a devicetree binding documentation
- replace 'bt_host' by 'bt_bmc' to reflect that the driver is
the BMC side of the IPMI BT interface
- renamed the device to 'ipmi-bt-host'
- introduced a temporary buffer to copy_{to,from}_user
- used platform_get_irq()
- moved the driver under drivers/char/ipmi/ but kept it as a misc
device
- changed the compatible cell to "aspeed,ast2400-bt-bmc"
]
Signed-off-by: Cédric Le Goater <clg@kaod.org>
Acked-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
[clg: - checkpatch --strict fixes
- removed the use of devm_iounmap, devm_kfree in cleanup paths
- introduced an atomic-t to limit opens to 1
- introduced a mutex to protect write/read operations]
Acked-by: Rob Herring <robh@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Cédric Le Goater <clg@kaod.org>
Signed-off-by: Corey Minyard <cminyard@mvista.com>
Add to the audit feature bitmap to indicate availability of the
extension of the exclude filter to include PID, UID, AUID, GID, SUBJ_*.
RFE: add additional fields for use in audit filter exclude rules
https://github.com/linux-audit/audit-kernel/issues/5
Signed-off-by: Richard Guy Briggs <rgb@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul Moore <paul@paul-moore.com>
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Merge tag 'v4.8-rc8' into drm-next
Linux 4.8-rc8
There was a lot of fallout in the imx/amdgpu/i915 drivers, so backmerge
it now to avoid troubles.
* tag 'v4.8-rc8': (1442 commits)
Linux 4.8-rc8
fault_in_multipages_readable() throws set-but-unused error
mm: check VMA flags to avoid invalid PROT_NONE NUMA balancing
radix tree: fix sibling entry handling in radix_tree_descend()
radix tree test suite: Test radix_tree_replace_slot() for multiorder entries
fix memory leaks in tracing_buffers_splice_read()
tracing: Move mutex to protect against resetting of seq data
MIPS: Fix delay slot emulation count in debugfs
MIPS: SMP: Fix possibility of deadlock when bringing CPUs online
mm: delete unnecessary and unsafe init_tlb_ubc()
huge tmpfs: fix Committed_AS leak
shmem: fix tmpfs to handle the huge= option properly
blk-mq: skip unmapped queues in blk_mq_alloc_request_hctx
MIPS: Fix pre-r6 emulation FPU initialisation
arm64: kgdb: handle read-only text / modules
arm64: Call numa_store_cpu_info() earlier.
locking/hung_task: Fix typo in CONFIG_DETECT_HUNG_TASK help text
nvme-rdma: only clear queue flags after successful connect
i2c: qup: skip qup_i2c_suspend if the device is already runtime suspended
perf/core: Limit matching exclusive events to one PMU
...
Export the base definitions and the xattr representation of POSIX ACLs
to user space.
Signed-off-by: Andreas Gruenbacher <agruenba@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
A bit smaller pull-req this time around. Some continued DT binding
cleanup to get the corresponding dts bits merged upstream (through
other trees). And explicit fence-fd support for submit ioctl.
* 'msm-next' of git://people.freedesktop.org/~robclark/linux:
drm/msm: bump kernel api version for explicit fencing
drm/msm: submit support for out-fences
drm/msm: move fence allocation out of msm_gpu_submit()
drm/msm: submit support for in-fences
drm/msm: extend the submit ioctl to pass in flags
drm/msm/mdp5: Set rotation property initial value to DRM_ROTATE_0 insted of 0
drm/msm/hdmi: don't print error when adding i2c adapter fails
drm/msm/mdp4: mark symbols static where possible
drm/msm: Remove call to reservation_object_test_signaled_rcu before wait
drm/msm/hdmi: Clean up HDMI gpio DT bindings
drm/msm/mdp4: Fix issue with LCDC/LVDS port parsing
- more core cleanup patches to prep drm_file to be used for
kernel-internal contexts (David Herrmann)
- more split-up+docs for drm_crtc.c
- lots of small fixes and polish all over
* tag 'topic/drm-misc-2016-09-25' of git://anongit.freedesktop.org/drm-intel: (37 commits)
drm: bridge: analogix/dp: mark symbols static where possible
drm/bochs: mark bochs_connector_get_modes() static
drm/bridge: analogix_dp: Improve panel on time
drm/bridge: analogix_dp: Don't read EDID if panel present
drm/bridge: analogix_dp: Remove duplicated code
Revert "drm/i2c: tda998x: don't register the connector"
drm: Fix plane type uabi breakage
dma-buf/sync_file: free fences array in num_fences is 1
drm/i2c: tda998x: don't register the connector
drm: Don't swallow error codes in drm_dev_alloc()
drm: Distinguish no name from ENOMEM in set_unique()
drm: Remove dirty property from docs
drm/doc: Document color space handling
drm: Extract drm_color_mgmt.[hc]
drm/doc: Polish plane composition property docs
drm: Conslidate blending properties in drm_blend.[hc]
drm/doc: Polish for drm_plane.[hc]
drm: Extract drm_plane.[hc]
drm/tilcdc: Add atomic and crtc headers to crtc.c
drm: Fix typo in encoder docs
...
The Altera 16550 soft IP UART requires 2 additional registers for
TX FIFO threshold support. These 2 registers enable the TX FIFO
Low Watermark and set the TX FIFO Low Watermark.
Set the TX FIFO threshold to the FIFO size - tx_loadsz.
Signed-off-by: Thor Thayer <tthayer@opensource.altera.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
The previous commit added support for specifying the beacon rate
for AP mode. Add features checks to this, and extend it to also
support the rate configuration for mesh networks. For IBSS it's
not as simple due to joining etc., so that's not yet supported.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Berg <johannes.berg@intel.com>
Conflicts:
net/netfilter/core.c
net/netfilter/nf_tables_netdev.c
Resolve two conflicts before pull request for David's net-next tree:
1) Between c73c24849011 ("netfilter: nf_tables_netdev: remove redundant
ip_hdr assignment") from the net tree and commit ddc8b6027ad0
("netfilter: introduce nft_set_pktinfo_{ipv4, ipv6}_validate()").
2) Between e8bffe0cf964 ("net: Add _nf_(un)register_hooks symbols") and
Aaron Conole's patches to replace list_head with single linked list.
Signed-off-by: Pablo Neira Ayuso <pablo@netfilter.org>
NFTA_LOG_FLAGS attribute is already supported, but the related
NF_LOG_XXX flags are not exposed to the userspace. So we cannot
explicitly enable log flags to log uid, tcp sequence, ip options
and so on, i.e. such rule "nft add rule filter output log uid"
is not supported yet.
So move NF_LOG_XXX macro definitions to the uapi/../nf_log.h. In
order to keep consistent with other modules, change NF_LOG_MASK to
refer to all supported log flags. On the other hand, add a new
NF_LOG_DEFAULT_MASK to refer to the original default log flags.
Finally, if user specify the unsupported log flags or NFTA_LOG_GROUP
and NFTA_LOG_FLAGS are set at the same time, report EINVAL to the
userspace.
Signed-off-by: Liping Zhang <liping.zhang@spreadtrum.com>
Signed-off-by: Pablo Neira Ayuso <pablo@netfilter.org>
Inverse ranges != [a,b] are not currently possible because rules are
composites of && operations, and we need to express this:
data < a || data > b
This patch adds a new range expression. Positive ranges can be already
through two cmp expressions:
cmp(sreg, data, >=)
cmp(sreg, data, <=)
This new range expression provides an alternative way to express this.
Signed-off-by: Pablo Neira Ayuso <pablo@netfilter.org>
In commit bf1d1c9b6179 ("ALSA: tlv: add DECLARE_TLV_DB_RANGE()"), the new
macro was added so that "dB range information can be specified without
having to count the items manually for TLV_DB_RANGE_HEAD()". In short,
TLV_DB_RANGE_HEAD macro was obsoleted.
In commit 46e860f76804 ("ALSA: rename TLV-related macros so that they're
friendly to user applications"), TLV-related macros are exposed for
applications in user land to get content of data structured by
Type/Length/Value shape. The commit managed to expose TLV-related macros
as many as possible, while obsoleted TLV_DB_RANGE_HEAD() was included to
the list of exposed macros.
This situation brings some confusions to application developers because
they might think all exposed macros have their own purpose and useful for
applications.
For the reason, this commit moves TLV_DB_RANGE_HEAD macro from UAPI header
to a header for kernel land, again. The above commit is done within the
same development period for kernel 4.9, thus not published yet. This
commit might certainly brings no confusions to user land.
Reference: commit bf1d1c9b6179 ("ALSA: tlv: add DECLARE_TLV_DB_RANGE()")
Reference: commit 46e860f76804 ("ALSA: rename TLV-related macros so that they're friendly to user applications")
Signed-off-by: Takashi Sakamoto <o-takashi@sakamocchi.jp>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
Create a new revision for the hashlimit iptables extension module. Rev 2
will support higher pps of upto 1 million, Version 1 supports only 10k.
To support this we have to increase the size of the variables avg and
burst in hashlimit_cfg to 64-bit. Create two new structs hashlimit_cfg2
and xt_hashlimit_mtinfo2 and also create newer versions of all the
functions for match, checkentry and destroy.
Some of the functions like hashlimit_mt, hashlimit_mt_check etc are very
similar in both rev1 and rev2 with only minor changes, so I have split
those functions and moved all the common code to a *_common function.
Signed-off-by: Vishwanath Pai <vpai@akamai.com>
Signed-off-by: Joshua Hunt <johunt@akamai.com>
Signed-off-by: Pablo Neira Ayuso <pablo@netfilter.org>
Steffen Klassert says:
====================
pull request (net-next): ipsec-next 2016-09-23
Only two patches this time:
1) Fix a comment reference to struct xfrm_replay_state_esn.
From Richard Guy Briggs.
2) Convert xfrm_state_lookup to rcu, we don't need the
xfrm_state_lock anymore in the input path.
From Florian Westphal.
Please pull or let me know if there are problems.
====================
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Introduce new rtnl UAPI that exposes a list of vlans per VF, giving
the ability for user-space application to specify it for the VF, as an
option to support 802.1ad.
We adjusted IP Link tool to support this option.
For future use cases, the new UAPI supports multiple vlans. For now we
limit the list size to a single vlan in kernel.
Add IFLA_VF_VLAN_LIST in addition to IFLA_VF_VLAN to keep backward
compatibility with older versions of IP Link tool.
Add a vlan protocol parameter to the ndo_set_vf_vlan callback.
We kept 802.1Q as the drivers' default vlan protocol.
Suitable ip link tool command examples:
Set vf vlan protocol 802.1ad:
ip link set eth0 vf 1 vlan 100 proto 802.1ad
Set vf to VST (802.1Q) mode:
ip link set eth0 vf 1 vlan 100 proto 802.1Q
Or by omitting the new parameter
ip link set eth0 vf 1 vlan 100
Signed-off-by: Moshe Shemesh <moshe@mellanox.com>
Signed-off-by: Tariq Toukan <tariqt@mellanox.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Add a small helper that complements 36bbef52c7eb ("bpf: direct packet
write and access for helpers for clsact progs") for invalidating the
current skb->hash after mangling on headers via direct packet write.
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Acked-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
It looks like the following patch can make FQ very precise, even in VM
or stressed hosts. It matters at high pacing rates.
We take into account the difference between the time that was programmed
when last packet was sent, and current time (a drift of tens of usecs is
often observed)
Add an EWMA of the unthrottle latency to help diagnostics.
This latency is the difference between current time and oldest packet in
delayed RB-tree. This accounts for the high resolution timer latency,
but can be different under stress, as fq_check_throttled() can be
opportunistically be called from a dequeue() called after an enqueue()
for a different flow.
Tested:
// Start a 10Gbit flow
$ netperf --google-pacing-rate 1250000000 -H lpaa24 -l 10000 -- -K bbr &
Before patch :
$ sar -n DEV 10 5 | grep eth0 | grep Average
Average: eth0 17106.04 756876.84 1102.75 1119049.02 0.00 0.00 0.52
After patch :
$ sar -n DEV 10 5 | grep eth0 | grep Average
Average: eth0 17867.00 800245.90 1151.77 1183172.12 0.00 0.00 0.52
A new iproute2 tc can output the 'unthrottle latency' :
$ tc -s qd sh dev eth0 | grep latency
0 gc, 0 highprio, 32490767 throttled, 2382 ns latency
Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Currently, the user can specify the queue numbers by _QUEUE_NUM and
_QUEUE_TOTAL attributes, this is enough in most situations.
But acctually, it is not very flexible, for example:
tcp dport 80 mapped to queue0
tcp dport 81 mapped to queue1
tcp dport 82 mapped to queue2
In order to do this thing, we must add 3 nft rules, and more
mapping meant more rules ...
So take one register to select the queue number, then we can add one
simple rule to mapping queues, maybe like this:
queue num tcp dport map { 80:0, 81:1, 82:2 ... }
Florian Westphal also proposed wider usage scenarios:
queue num jhash ip saddr . ip daddr mod ...
queue num meta cpu ...
queue num meta mark ...
The last point is how to load a queue number from sreg, although we can
use *(u16*)®s->data[reg] to load the queue number, just like nat expr
to load its l4port do.
But we will cooperate with hash expr, meta cpu, meta mark expr and so on.
They all store the result to u32 type, so cast it to u16 pointer and
dereference it will generate wrong result in the big endian system.
So just keep it simple, we treat queue number as u32 type, although u16
type is already enough.
Suggested-by: Pablo Neira Ayuso <pablo@netfilter.org>
Signed-off-by: Liping Zhang <liping.zhang@spreadtrum.com>
Signed-off-by: Pablo Neira Ayuso <pablo@netfilter.org>
Pid and user namepaces are hierarchical. There is no way to discover
parent-child relationships.
In a future we will use this interface to dump and restore nested
namespaces.
Acked-by: Serge Hallyn <serge@hallyn.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrei Vagin <avagin@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Each namespace has an owning user namespace and now there is not way
to discover these relationships.
Understending namespaces relationships allows to answer the question:
what capability does process X have to perform operations on a resource
governed by namespace Y?
After a long discussion, Eric W. Biederman proposed to use ioctl-s for
this purpose.
The NS_GET_USERNS ioctl returns a file descriptor to an owning user
namespace.
It returns EPERM if a target namespace is outside of a current user
namespace.
v2: rename parent to relative
v3: Add a missing mntput when returning -EAGAIN --EWB
Acked-by: Serge Hallyn <serge@hallyn.com>
Link: https://lkml.org/lkml/2016/7/6/158
Signed-off-by: Andrei Vagin <avagin@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Add support of an offset value for incremental counter and random. With
this option the sysadmin is able to start the counter to a certain value
and then apply the generated number.
Example:
meta mark set numgen inc mod 2 offset 100
This will generate marks with the serie 100, 101, 100, 101, ...
Suggested-by: Pablo Neira Ayuso <pablo@netfilter.org>
Signed-off-by: Laura Garcia Liebana <nevola@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Pablo Neira Ayuso <pablo@netfilter.org>
TCA_VLAN_ACT_MODIFY allows one to change an existing tag.
It accepts same attributes as TCA_VLAN_ACT_PUSH (protocol, id,
priority).
If packet is vlan tagged, then the tag gets overwritten according to
user specified attributes.
For example, this allows user to replace a tag's vid while preserving
its priority bits (as opposed to "action vlan pop pipe action vlan push").
Signed-off-by: Shmulik Ladkani <shmulik.ladkani@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Jamal Hadi Salim <jhs@mojatatu.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Add cls_bpf support for the TCA_CLS_FLAGS_SKIP_HW flag.
Unlike U32 and flower cls_bpf already has some netlink
flags defined. Create a new attribute to be able to use
the same flag values as the above.
Unlike U32 and flower reject unknown flags.
Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <jakub.kicinski@netronome.com>
Acked-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
This commit implements a new TCP congestion control algorithm: BBR
(Bottleneck Bandwidth and RTT). A detailed description of BBR will be
published in ACM Queue, Vol. 14 No. 5, September-October 2016, as
"BBR: Congestion-Based Congestion Control".
BBR has significantly increased throughput and reduced latency for
connections on Google's internal backbone networks and google.com and
YouTube Web servers.
BBR requires only changes on the sender side, not in the network or
the receiver side. Thus it can be incrementally deployed on today's
Internet, or in datacenters.
The Internet has predominantly used loss-based congestion control
(largely Reno or CUBIC) since the 1980s, relying on packet loss as the
signal to slow down. While this worked well for many years, loss-based
congestion control is unfortunately out-dated in today's networks. On
today's Internet, loss-based congestion control causes the infamous
bufferbloat problem, often causing seconds of needless queuing delay,
since it fills the bloated buffers in many last-mile links. On today's
high-speed long-haul links using commodity switches with shallow
buffers, loss-based congestion control has abysmal throughput because
it over-reacts to losses caused by transient traffic bursts.
In 1981 Kleinrock and Gale showed that the optimal operating point for
a network maximizes delivered bandwidth while minimizing delay and
loss, not only for single connections but for the network as a
whole. Finding that optimal operating point has been elusive, since
any single network measurement is ambiguous: network measurements are
the result of both bandwidth and propagation delay, and those two
cannot be measured simultaneously.
While it is impossible to disambiguate any single bandwidth or RTT
measurement, a connection's behavior over time tells a clearer
story. BBR uses a measurement strategy designed to resolve this
ambiguity. It combines these measurements with a robust servo loop
using recent control systems advances to implement a distributed
congestion control algorithm that reacts to actual congestion, not
packet loss or transient queue delay, and is designed to converge with
high probability to a point near the optimal operating point.
In a nutshell, BBR creates an explicit model of the network pipe by
sequentially probing the bottleneck bandwidth and RTT. On the arrival
of each ACK, BBR derives the current delivery rate of the last round
trip, and feeds it through a windowed max-filter to estimate the
bottleneck bandwidth. Conversely it uses a windowed min-filter to
estimate the round trip propagation delay. The max-filtered bandwidth
and min-filtered RTT estimates form BBR's model of the network pipe.
Using its model, BBR sets control parameters to govern sending
behavior. The primary control is the pacing rate: BBR applies a gain
multiplier to transmit faster or slower than the observed bottleneck
bandwidth. The conventional congestion window (cwnd) is now the
secondary control; the cwnd is set to a small multiple of the
estimated BDP (bandwidth-delay product) in order to allow full
utilization and bandwidth probing while bounding the potential amount
of queue at the bottleneck.
When a BBR connection starts, it enters STARTUP mode and applies a
high gain to perform an exponential search to quickly probe the
bottleneck bandwidth (doubling its sending rate each round trip, like
slow start). However, instead of continuing until it fills up the
buffer (i.e. a loss), or until delay or ACK spacing reaches some
threshold (like Hystart), it uses its model of the pipe to estimate
when that pipe is full: it estimates the pipe is full when it notices
the estimated bandwidth has stopped growing. At that point it exits
STARTUP and enters DRAIN mode, where it reduces its pacing rate to
drain the queue it estimates it has created.
Then BBR enters steady state. In steady state, PROBE_BW mode cycles
between first pacing faster to probe for more bandwidth, then pacing
slower to drain any queue that created if no more bandwidth was
available, and then cruising at the estimated bandwidth to utilize the
pipe without creating excess queue. Occasionally, on an as-needed
basis, it sends significantly slower to probe for RTT (PROBE_RTT
mode).
BBR has been fully deployed on Google's wide-area backbone networks
and we're experimenting with BBR on Google.com and YouTube on a global
scale. Replacing CUBIC with BBR has resulted in significant
improvements in network latency and application (RPC, browser, and
video) metrics. For more details please refer to our upcoming ACM
Queue publication.
Example performance results, to illustrate the difference between BBR
and CUBIC:
Resilience to random loss (e.g. from shallow buffers):
Consider a netperf TCP_STREAM test lasting 30 secs on an emulated
path with a 10Gbps bottleneck, 100ms RTT, and 1% packet loss
rate. CUBIC gets 3.27 Mbps, and BBR gets 9150 Mbps (2798x higher).
Low latency with the bloated buffers common in today's last-mile links:
Consider a netperf TCP_STREAM test lasting 120 secs on an emulated
path with a 10Mbps bottleneck, 40ms RTT, and 1000-packet bottleneck
buffer. Both fully utilize the bottleneck bandwidth, but BBR
achieves this with a median RTT 25x lower (43 ms instead of 1.09
secs).
Our long-term goal is to improve the congestion control algorithms
used on the Internet. We are hopeful that BBR can help advance the
efforts toward this goal, and motivate the community to do further
research.
Test results, performance evaluations, feedback, and BBR-related
discussions are very welcome in the public e-mail list for BBR:
https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/bbr-dev
NOTE: BBR *must* be used with the fq qdisc ("man tc-fq") with pacing
enabled, since pacing is integral to the BBR design and
implementation. BBR without pacing would not function properly, and
may incur unnecessary high packet loss rates.
Signed-off-by: Van Jacobson <vanj@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Neal Cardwell <ncardwell@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Yuchung Cheng <ycheng@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Nandita Dukkipati <nanditad@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Soheil Hassas Yeganeh <soheil@google.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
This commit export two new fields in struct tcp_info:
tcpi_delivery_rate: The most recent goodput, as measured by
tcp_rate_gen(). If the socket is limited by the sending
application (e.g., no data to send), it reports the highest
measurement instead of the most recent. The unit is bytes per
second (like other rate fields in tcp_info).
tcpi_delivery_rate_app_limited: A boolean indicating if the goodput
was measured when the socket's throughput was limited by the
sending application.
This delivery rate information can be useful for applications that
want to know the current throughput the TCP connection is seeing,
e.g. adaptive bitrate video streaming. It can also be very useful for
debugging or troubleshooting.
Signed-off-by: Van Jacobson <vanj@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Neal Cardwell <ncardwell@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Yuchung Cheng <ycheng@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Nandita Dukkipati <nanditad@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Soheil Hassas Yeganeh <soheil@google.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
This commit adds to the fq module a low_rate_threshold parameter to
insert a delay after all packets if the socket requests a pacing rate
below the threshold.
This helps achieve more precise control of the sending rate with
low-rate paths, especially policers. The basic issue is that if a
congestion control module detects a policer at a certain rate, it may
want fq to be able to shape to that policed rate. That way the sender
can avoid policer drops by having the packets arrive at the policer at
or just under the policed rate.
The default threshold of 550Kbps was chosen analytically so that for
policers or links at 500Kbps or 512Kbps fq would very likely invoke
this mechanism, even if the pacing rate was briefly slightly above the
available bandwidth. This value was then empirically validated with
two years of production testing on YouTube video servers.
Signed-off-by: Van Jacobson <vanj@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Neal Cardwell <ncardwell@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Yuchung Cheng <ycheng@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Nandita Dukkipati <nanditad@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Soheil Hassas Yeganeh <soheil@google.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
This work implements direct packet access for helpers and direct packet
write in a similar fashion as already available for XDP types via commits
4acf6c0b84c9 ("bpf: enable direct packet data write for xdp progs") and
6841de8b0d03 ("bpf: allow helpers access the packet directly"), and as a
complementary feature to the already available direct packet read for tc
(cls/act) programs.
For enabling this, we need to introduce two helpers, bpf_skb_pull_data()
and bpf_csum_update(). The first is generally needed for both, read and
write, because they would otherwise only be limited to the current linear
skb head. Usually, when the data_end test fails, programs just bail out,
or, in the direct read case, use bpf_skb_load_bytes() as an alternative
to overcome this limitation. If such data sits in non-linear parts, we
can just pull them in once with the new helper, retest and eventually
access them.
At the same time, this also makes sure the skb is uncloned, which is, of
course, a necessary condition for direct write. As this needs to be an
invariant for the write part only, the verifier detects writes and adds
a prologue that is calling bpf_skb_pull_data() to effectively unclone the
skb from the very beginning in case it is indeed cloned. The heuristic
makes use of a similar trick that was done in 233577a22089 ("net: filter:
constify detection of pkt_type_offset"). This comes at zero cost for other
programs that do not use the direct write feature. Should a program use
this feature only sparsely and has read access for the most parts with,
for example, drop return codes, then such write action can be delegated
to a tail called program for mitigating this cost of potential uncloning
to a late point in time where it would have been paid similarly with the
bpf_skb_store_bytes() as well. Advantage of direct write is that the
writes are inlined whereas the helper cannot make any length assumptions
and thus needs to generate a call to memcpy() also for small sizes, as well
as cost of helper call itself with sanity checks are avoided. Plus, when
direct read is already used, we don't need to cache or perform rechecks
on the data boundaries (due to verifier invalidating previous checks for
helpers that change skb->data), so more complex programs using rewrites
can benefit from switching to direct read plus write.
For direct packet access to helpers, we save the otherwise needed copy into
a temp struct sitting on stack memory when use-case allows. Both facilities
are enabled via may_access_direct_pkt_data() in verifier. For now, we limit
this to map helpers and csum_diff, and can successively enable other helpers
where we find it makes sense. Helpers that definitely cannot be allowed for
this are those part of bpf_helper_changes_skb_data() since they can change
underlying data, and those that write into memory as this could happen for
packet typed args when still cloned. bpf_csum_update() helper accommodates
for the fact that we need to fixup checksum_complete when using direct write
instead of bpf_skb_store_bytes(), meaning the programs can use available
helpers like bpf_csum_diff(), and implement csum_add(), csum_sub(),
csum_block_add(), csum_block_sub() equivalents in eBPF together with the
new helper. A usage example will be provided for iproute2's examples/bpf/
directory.
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Acked-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
The ioctl name and description on the documentation block don't
match the ioctl being defined. This was probably overlooked while
renaming the ioctls during the sync file destaging. This patch
provides a more accurate description of what the ioctl actually does.
Signed-off-by: Emilio López <emilio.lopez@collabora.co.uk>
Reviewed-by: Gustavo Padovan <gustavo.padovan@collabora.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: Sumit Semwal <sumit.semwal@linaro.org>
Link: http://patchwork.freedesktop.org/patch/msgid/20160919042120.6280-1-emilio.lopez@collabora.co.uk
Sample use case of how this is encoded:
user space via tuntap (or a connected VM/Machine/container)
encodes the tcindex TLV.
Sample use case of decoding:
IFE action decodes it and the skb->tc_index is then used to classify.
So something like this for encoded ICMP packets:
.. first decode then reclassify... skb->tcindex will be set
sudo $TC filter add dev $ETH parent ffff: prio 2 protocol 0xbeef \
u32 match u32 0 0 flowid 1:1 \
action ife decode reclassify
...next match the decode icmp packet...
sudo $TC filter add dev $ETH parent ffff: prio 4 protocol ip \
u32 match ip protocol 1 0xff flowid 1:1 \
action continue
... last classify it using the tcindex classifier and do someaction..
sudo $TC filter add dev $ETH parent ffff: prio 5 protocol ip \
handle 0x11 tcindex classid 1:1 \
action blah..
Signed-off-by: Jamal Hadi Salim <jhs@mojatatu.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
We must do it this way, because e.g. POD X3 won't play any sound unless
the host listens on the bulk EP, so we cannot export it only via libusb.
The driver currently doesn't use the bulk EP messages in other way,
in future it could e.g. sense/modify volume(s).
Signed-off-by: Andrej Krutak <dev@andree.sk>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
- refactor the sseu code (Imre)
- refine guc dmesg output (Dave Gordon)
- more vgpu work
- more skl wm fixes (Lyude)
- refactor dpll code in prep for upfront link training (Jim Bride et al)
- consolidate all platform feature checks into intel_device_info (Carlos Santa)
- refactor elsp/execlist submission as prep for re-submission after hang
recovery and eventually scheduling (Chris Wilson)
- allow synchronous gpu reset handling, to remove tricky/impossible/fragile
error recovery code (Chris Wilson)
- prep work for nonblocking (execlist) submission, using fences to track
depencies and drive elsp submission (Chris Wilson)
- partial error recover/resubmission of non-guilty batches after hangs (Chris Wilson)
- full dma-buf implicit fencing support (Chris Wilson)
- dp link training fixes (Jim, Dhinkaran, Navare, ...)
- obey dp branch device pixel rate/bpc/clock limits (Mika Kahola), needed for
many vga dongles
- bunch of small cleanups and polish all over, as usual
[airlied: printing macros collided]
* tag 'drm-intel-next-2016-09-19' of git://anongit.freedesktop.org/drm-intel: (163 commits)
drm/i915: Update DRIVER_DATE to 20160919
drm: Fix DisplayPort branch device ID kernel-doc
drm/i915: use NULL for NULL pointers
drm/i915: do not use 'false' as a NULL pointer
drm/i915: make intel_dp_compute_bpp static
drm: Add DP branch device info on debugfs
drm/i915: Update bits per component for display info
drm/i915: Check pixel rate for DP to VGA dongle
drm/i915: Read DP branch device SW revision
drm/i915: Read DP branch device HW revision
drm/i915: Cleanup DisplayPort AUX channel initialization
drm: Read DP branch device id
drm: Helper to read max bits per component
drm: Helper to read max clock rate
drm: Drop VGA from bpc definitions
drm: Add missing DP downstream port types
drm/i915: Add ddb size field to device info structure
drm/i915/guc: general tidying up (submission)
drm/i915/guc: general tidying up (loader)
drm/i915: clarify PMINTRMSK/pm_intr_keep usage
...
More radeon and amdgpu changes for 4.9. Highlights:
- Initial SI support for amdgpu (controlled by a Kconfig option)
- misc ttm cleanups
- runtimepm fixes
- S3/S4 fixes
- power improvements
- lots of code cleanups and optimizations
* 'drm-next-4.9' of git://people.freedesktop.org/~agd5f/linux: (151 commits)
drm/ttm: remove cpu_address member from ttm_tt
drm/radeon/radeon_device: remove unused function
drm/amdgpu: clean function declarations in amdgpu_ttm.c up
drm/amdgpu: use the new ring ib and dma frame size callbacks (v2)
drm/amdgpu/vce3: add ring callbacks for ib and dma frame size
drm/amdgpu/vce2: add ring callbacks for ib and dma frame size
drm/amdgpu/vce: add common ring callbacks for ib and dma frame size
drm/amdgpu/uvd6: add ring callbacks for ib and dma frame size
drm/amdgpu/uvd5: add ring callbacks for ib and dma frame size
drm/amdgpu/uvd4.2: add ring callbacks for ib and dma frame size
drm/amdgpu/sdma3: add ring callbacks for ib and dma frame size
drm/amdgpu/sdma2.4: add ring callbacks for ib and dma frame size
drm/amdgpu/cik_sdma: add ring callbacks for ib and dma frame size
drm/amdgpu/si_dma: add ring callbacks for ib and dma frame size
drm/amdgpu/gfx8: add ring callbacks for ib and dma frame size
drm/amdgpu/gfx7: add ring callbacks for ib and dma frame size
drm/amdgpu/gfx6: add ring callbacks for ib and dma frame size
drm/amdgpu/ring: add an interface to get dma frame and ib size
drm/amdgpu/sdma3: drop unused functions
drm/amdgpu/gfx6: drop gds_switch callback
...
Adding others generic flags, which could be used by many
components like GS1662.
Signed-off-by: Charles-Antoine Couret <charles-antoine.couret@nexvision.fr>
Signed-off-by: Hans Verkuil <hans.verkuil@cisco.com>
Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@s-opensource.com>
In a typical IPvlan L3 setup where master is in default-ns and
each slave is into different (slave) ns. In this setup egress
packet processing for traffic originating from slave-ns will
hit all NF_HOOKs in slave-ns as well as default-ns. However same
is not true for ingress processing. All these NF_HOOKs are
hit only in the slave-ns skipping them in the default-ns.
IPvlan in L3 mode is restrictive and if admins want to deploy
iptables rules in default-ns, this asymmetric data path makes it
impossible to do so.
This patch makes use of the l3_rcv() (added as part of l3mdev
enhancements) to perform input route lookup on RX packets without
changing the skb->dev and then uses nf_hook at NF_INET_LOCAL_IN
to change the skb->dev just before handing over skb to L4.
Signed-off-by: Mahesh Bandewar <maheshb@google.com>
CC: David Ahern <dsa@cumulusnetworks.com>
Reviewed-by: David Ahern <dsa@cumulusnetworks.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Add a nested attribute of offload stats to if_stats_msg
named IFLA_STATS_LINK_OFFLOAD_XSTATS.
Under it, add SW stats, meaning stats only per packets that went via
slowpath to the cpu, named IFLA_OFFLOAD_XSTATS_CPU_HIT.
Signed-off-by: Nogah Frankel <nogahf@mellanox.com>
Signed-off-by: Jiri Pirko <jiri@mellanox.com>
Acked-by: Nikolay Aleksandrov <nikolay@cumulusnetworks.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
