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Define a new PageTable bit in the page_type and use it to mark pages in
use as page tables. This can be helpful when debugging crashdumps or
analysing memory fragmentation. Add a KPF flag to report these pages to
userspace and update page-types.c to interpret that flag.
Note that only pages currently accounted as NR_PAGETABLES are tracked as
PageTable; this does not include pgd/p4d/pud/pmd pages. Those will be the
subject of a later patch.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180518194519.3820-4-willy@infradead.org
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <mawilcox@microsoft.com>
Acked-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Jérôme Glisse <jglisse@redhat.com>
Cc: Lai Jiangshan <jiangshanlai@gmail.com>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Cc: Andrey Ryabinin <aryabinin@virtuozzo.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
page-types currently hardcodes /proc/kpageflags as the file to parse.
This works when using the tool to examine the state of pageflags on the
same system, but does not allow storing a snapshot of pageflags at a
given time to debug issues nor on a different system.
This allows the user to specify a saved version of kpageflags with a new
page-types -F option.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: add "filename" to fix usage() string]
[rientjes@google.com: fix layout]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/alpine.DEB.2.10.1801301840050.140969@chino.kir.corp.google.com
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/alpine.DEB.2.10.1801301458180.153857@chino.kir.corp.google.com
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Konstantin Khlebnikov <koct9i@gmail.com>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
I found that page-types is very slow and my testing shows many timeout
errors. Here's an example with a simple program allocating 1000 thps.
$ time ./page-types -p $(pgrep -f test_alloc)
...
real 0m17.201s
user 0m16.889s
sys 0m0.312s
Most of time is spent in memset(). Currently memset() clears over whole
buffer for every walk_pfn() call, which is inefficient when walk_pfn()
is called from walk_vma(), because in that case walk_pfn() is called for
each pfn. So this patch limits the zero initialization only for the
first element.
$ time ./page-types.patched -p $(pgrep -f test_alloc)
...
real 0m0.182s
user 0m0.046s
sys 0m0.135s
Fixes: 954e95584579 ("tools/vm/page-types.c: add memory cgroup dumping and filtering")
Signed-off-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Suggested-by: Konstantin Khlebnikov <koct9i@gmail.com>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@virtuozzo.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This adds two command line keys:
-c|--cgroup path|@inode Walk only pages owned by this memory cgroup
-C|--list-cgroup Show memory cgroup inodes
[vdavydov@virtuozzo.com: opt_cgroup should be uint64_t. Fix conflicts with "tools/vm/page-types.c: support swap entry"]
Signed-off-by: Konstantin Khlebnikov <koct9i@gmail.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Reviewed-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@virtuozzo.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
/proc/pid/pagemap (pte_to_pagemap_entry() internally) already reports
about swap entry, so let's make the in-kernel utility aware of it.
Signed-off-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com>
Cc: Konstantin Khlebnikov <koct9i@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
PageIdle is exported in include/uapi/linux/kernel-page-flags.h, so let's
make page-types.c tool handle it.
Signed-off-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Reviewed-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@virtuozzo.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
There were some changes in how this debugfs mounting helper is
implemented/exported and we forgot to check if there were other users
besides perf, fix it.
Need to do a make -C tools/ everytime we do changes to
tools/{lib,include} and other places where we're moving things from
tools/perf/ to be used by other tools/ living code.
Fixed:
$ make -C tools/vm
make: Entering directory '/home/git/linux/tools/vm'
make -C ../lib/api
make[1]: Entering directory '/home/git/linux/tools/lib/api'
CC fd/array.o
LD fd/libapi-in.o
CC fs/fs.o
CC fs/tracing_path.o
LD fs/libapi-in.o
CC cpu.o
LD libapi-in.o
AR libapi.a
make[1]: Leaving directory '/home/git/linux/tools/lib/api'
gcc -Wall -Wextra -I../lib/ -o page-types page-types.c ../lib/api/libapi.a
make: Leaving directory '/home/git/linux/tools/vm'
$
Reported-by: Vinson Lee <vlee@twopensource.com>
Tested-by: Vinson Lee <vlee@twopensource.com>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Matt Fleming <matt@codeblueprint.co.uk>
Cc: Raphael Beamonte <raphael.beamonte@gmail.com>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Fixes: 60a1133a5b ("tools lib api fs: Remove debugfs, tracefs and findfs objects")
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
This patch sets bit 56 in pagemap if this page is mapped only once. It
allows to detect exclusively used pages without exposing PFN:
present file exclusive state
0 0 0 non-present
1 1 0 file page mapped somewhere else
1 1 1 file page mapped only here
1 0 0 anon non-CoWed page (shared with parent/child)
1 0 1 anon CoWed page (or never forked)
CoWed pages in (MAP_FILE | MAP_PRIVATE) areas are anon in this context.
MMap-exclusive bit doesn't reflect potential page-sharing via swapcache:
page could be mapped once but has several swap-ptes which point to it.
Application could detect that by swap bit in pagemap entry and touch that
pte via /proc/pid/mem to get real information.
See http://lkml.kernel.org/r/CAEVpBa+_RyACkhODZrRvQLs80iy0sqpdrd0AaP_-tgnX3Y9yNQ@mail.gmail.com
Requested by Mark Williamson.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix spello]
Signed-off-by: Konstantin Khlebnikov <khlebnikov@yandex-team.ru>
Reviewed-by: Mark Williamson <mwilliamson@undo-software.com>
Tested-by: Mark Williamson <mwilliamson@undo-software.com>
Reviewed-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This patch removes page-shift bits (scheduled to remove since 3.11) and
completes migration to the new bit layout. Also it cleans messy macro.
Signed-off-by: Konstantin Khlebnikov <khlebnikov@yandex-team.ru>
Reviewed-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Mark Williamson <mwilliamson@undo-software.com>
Tested-by: Mark Williamson <mwilliamson@undo-software.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Add KPF_ZERO_PAGE flag for zero_page, so that userspace processes can
detect zero_page in /proc/kpageflags, and then do memory analysis more
accurately.
Signed-off-by: Yalin Wang <yalin.wang@sonymobile.com>
Acked-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill@shutemov.name>
Cc: Konstantin Khlebnikov <koct9i@gmail.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Always mark pages with PageBalloon even if balloon compaction is disabled
and expose this mark in /proc/kpageflags as KPF_BALLOON.
Also this patch adds three counters into /proc/vmstat: "balloon_inflate",
"balloon_deflate" and "balloon_migrate". They accumulate balloon
activity. Current size of balloon is (balloon_inflate - balloon_deflate)
pages.
All generic balloon code now gathered under option CONFIG_MEMORY_BALLOON.
It should be selected by ballooning driver which wants use this feature.
Currently virtio-balloon is the only user.
Signed-off-by: Konstantin Khlebnikov <k.khlebnikov@samsung.com>
Cc: Rafael Aquini <aquini@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrey Ryabinin <ryabinin.a.a@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Recently added page-cache dumping is known to be a little bit racy.
But after race with truncate it just dies due to unhandled SIGBUS
when it tries to poke pages beyond the new end of file.
This patch adds handler for SIGBUS which skips the rest of the file.
Signed-off-by: Konstantin Khlebnikov <koct9i@gmail.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
After this patch 'page-types' can walk over a file's mappings and
analyze populated page cache pages mostly without disturbing its state.
It maps chunk of file, marks VMA as MADV_RANDOM to turn off readahead,
pokes VMA via mincore() to determine cached pages, triggers page-fault
only for them, and finally gathers information via pagemap/kpageflags.
Before unmap it marks VMA as MADV_SEQUENTIAL for ignoring reference
bits.
usage: page-types -f <path>
If <path> is directory it will analyse all files in all subdirectories.
Symlinks are not followed as well as mount points. Hardlinks aren't
handled, they'll be dumped as many times as they are found. Recursive
walk brings all dentries into dcache and populates page cache of
block-devices aka 'Buffers'.
Probably it's worth to add ioctl for dumping file page cache as array of
PFNs as a replacement for this hackish juggling with
mmap/madvise/mincore/pagemap. Also recursive walk could be replaced
with dumping cached inodes via some ioctl or debugfs interface followed
by openning them via open_by_handle_at, this would fix hardlinks
handling and unneeded population of dcache and buffers. This interface
might be used as data source for constructing readahead plans and for
background optimizations of actively used files.
collateral changes:
+ fix 64-bit LFS: define _FILE_OFFSET_BITS instead of _LARGEFILE64_SOURCE
+ replace lseek + read with single pread
+ make show_page_range() reusable after flush
usage example:
~/src/linux/tools/vm$ sudo ./page-types -L -f page-types
foffset offset flags
page-types Inode: 2229277 Size: 89065 (22 pages)
Modify: Tue Feb 25 12:00:59 2014 (162 seconds ago)
Access: Tue Feb 25 12:01:00 2014 (161 seconds ago)
0 3cbf3b __RU_lA____M________________________
1 38946a __RU_lA____M________________________
2 1a3cec __RU_lA____M________________________
3 1a8321 __RU_lA____M________________________
4 3af7cc __RU_lA____M________________________
5 1ed532 __RU_lA_____________________________
6 2e436a __RU_lA_____________________________
7 29a35e ___U_lA_____________________________
8 2de86e ___U_lA_____________________________
9 3bdfb4 ___U_lA_____________________________
10 3cd8a3 ___U_lA_____________________________
11 2afa50 ___U_lA_____________________________
12 2534c2 ___U_lA_____________________________
13 1b7a40 ___U_lA_____________________________
14 17b0be ___U_lA_____________________________
15 392b0c ___U_lA_____________________________
16 3ba46a __RU_lA_____________________________
17 397dc8 ___U_lA_____________________________
18 1f2a36 ___U_lA_____________________________
19 21fd30 __RU_lA_____________________________
20 2c35ba __RU_l______________________________
21 20f181 __RU_l______________________________
flags page-count MB symbolic-flags long-symbolic-flags
0x000000000000002c 2 0 __RU_l______________________________ referenced,uptodate,lru
0x0000000000000068 11 0 ___U_lA_____________________________ uptodate,lru,active
0x000000000000006c 4 0 __RU_lA_____________________________ referenced,uptodate,lru,active
0x000000000000086c 5 0 __RU_lA____M________________________ referenced,uptodate,lru,active,mmap
total 22 0
~/src/linux/tools/vm$ sudo ./page-types -f /
flags page-count MB symbolic-flags long-symbolic-flags
0x0000000000000028 21761 85 ___U_l______________________________ uptodate,lru
0x000000000000002c 127279 497 __RU_l______________________________ referenced,uptodate,lru
0x0000000000000068 74160 289 ___U_lA_____________________________ uptodate,lru,active
0x000000000000006c 84469 329 __RU_lA_____________________________ referenced,uptodate,lru,active
0x000000000000007c 1 0 __RUDlA_____________________________ referenced,uptodate,dirty,lru,active
0x0000000000000228 370 1 ___U_l___I__________________________ uptodate,lru,reclaim
0x0000000000000828 49 0 ___U_l_____M________________________ uptodate,lru,mmap
0x000000000000082c 126 0 __RU_l_____M________________________ referenced,uptodate,lru,mmap
0x0000000000000868 137 0 ___U_lA____M________________________ uptodate,lru,active,mmap
0x000000000000086c 12890 50 __RU_lA____M________________________ referenced,uptodate,lru,active,mmap
total 321242 1254
Signed-off-by: Konstantin Khlebnikov <koct9i@gmail.com>
Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Cc: Fengguang Wu <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Move debugfs.* to api/fs/. We have a common tools/lib/api/ place where
the Makefile lives and then we place the headers in subdirs.
For example, all the fs-related stuff goes to tools/lib/api/fs/ from
which we get libapikfs.a (acme got almost the naming he wanted :-)) and
we link it into the tools which need it - in this case perf and
tools/vm/page-types.
acme:
"Looking at the implementation, I think some tools can even link
directly to the .o files, avoiding the .a file altogether.
But that is just an optimization/finer granularity tools/lib/
cherrypicking that toolers can make use of."
Fixup documentation cleaning target while at it.
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com>
Cc: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Robert Richter <rric@kernel.org>
Cc: Stanislav Fomichev <stfomichev@yandex-team.ru>
Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1386605664-24041-2-git-send-email-bp@alien8.de
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Soft dirty bit allows us to track which pages are written since the last
clear_ref (by "echo 4 > /proc/pid/clear_refs".) This is useful for
userspace applications to know their memory footprints.
Note that the kernel exposes this flag via bit[55] of /proc/pid/pagemap,
and the semantics is not a default one (scheduled to be the default in the
near future.) However, it shifts to the new semantics at the first
clear_ref, and the users of soft dirty bit always do it before utilizing
the bit, so that's not a big deal. Users must avoid relying on the bit in
page-types before the first clear_ref.
Signed-off-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
Cc: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
page-flags.c had some older version of debugfs_mount copied from perf so
convert it to using the version in the tools library.
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1361374353-30385-8-git-send-email-bp@alien8.de
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Fix tools/vm/page-types.c to use the UAPI variant of linux/kernel-page-flags.h
lest the following error appear:
In file included from page-types.c:38:0:
../../include/linux/kernel-page-flags.h:4:42: fatal error:
uapi/linux/kernel-page-flags.h: No such file or directory
Reported-by: Daniel Hazelton <dshadowwolf@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Fengguang Wu <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Tested-by: Daniel Hazelton <dshadowwolf@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Acked-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Acked-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com>
Compiling page-type.c with a recent compiler produces many warnings,
mostly related to signed/unsigned comparisons. This patch cleans up most
of them.
One remaining warning is about an unused parameter. The <compiler.h> file
doesn't define a __unused macro (or the like) yet. This can be addressed
later.
Signed-off-by: Ulrich Drepper <drepper@gmail.com>
Acked-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Fengguang Wu <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Programs using /proc/kpageflags need to know about the various flags. The
<linux/kernel-page-flags.h> provides them and the comments in the file
indicate that it is supposed to be used by user-level code. But the file
is not installed.
Install the headers and mark the unstable flags as out-of-bounds. The
page-type tool is also adjusted to not duplicate the definitions
Signed-off-by: Ulrich Drepper <drepper@gmail.com>
Acked-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Fengguang Wu <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
tools/ is the better place for vm tools which are used by many people.
Moving them to tools also make them open to more users instead of hide in
Documentation folder.
This patch moves page-types.c to tools/vm/page-types.c. Also add a
Makefile in tools/vm and fix two coding style problems: a) change const
arrary to 'const char * const', b) change a space to tab for indent.
Signed-off-by: Dave Young <dyoung@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
