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documented (hopefully adequately) in the respective changelogs. Notable
series include:
- Lucas Stach has provided some page-mapping
cleanup/consolidation/maintainability work in the series "mm/treewide:
Remove pXd_huge() API".
- In the series "Allow migrate on protnone reference with
MPOL_PREFERRED_MANY policy", Donet Tom has optimized mempolicy's
MPOL_PREFERRED_MANY mode, yielding almost doubled performance in one
test.
- In their series "Memory allocation profiling" Kent Overstreet and
Suren Baghdasaryan have contributed a means of determining (via
/proc/allocinfo) whereabouts in the kernel memory is being allocated:
number of calls and amount of memory.
- Matthew Wilcox has provided the series "Various significant MM
patches" which does a number of rather unrelated things, but in largely
similar code sites.
- In his series "mm: page_alloc: freelist migratetype hygiene" Johannes
Weiner has fixed the page allocator's handling of migratetype requests,
with resulting improvements in compaction efficiency.
- In the series "make the hugetlb migration strategy consistent" Baolin
Wang has fixed a hugetlb migration issue, which should improve hugetlb
allocation reliability.
- Liu Shixin has hit an I/O meltdown caused by readahead in a
memory-tight memcg. Addressed in the series "Fix I/O high when memory
almost met memcg limit".
- In the series "mm/filemap: optimize folio adding and splitting" Kairui
Song has optimized pagecache insertion, yielding ~10% performance
improvement in one test.
- Baoquan He has cleaned up and consolidated the early zone
initialization code in the series "mm/mm_init.c: refactor
free_area_init_core()".
- Baoquan has also redone some MM initializatio code in the series
"mm/init: minor clean up and improvement".
- MM helper cleanups from Christoph Hellwig in his series "remove
follow_pfn".
- More cleanups from Matthew Wilcox in the series "Various page->flags
cleanups".
- Vlastimil Babka has contributed maintainability improvements in the
series "memcg_kmem hooks refactoring".
- More folio conversions and cleanups in Matthew Wilcox's series
"Convert huge_zero_page to huge_zero_folio"
"khugepaged folio conversions"
"Remove page_idle and page_young wrappers"
"Use folio APIs in procfs"
"Clean up __folio_put()"
"Some cleanups for memory-failure"
"Remove page_mapping()"
"More folio compat code removal"
- David Hildenbrand chipped in with "fs/proc/task_mmu: convert hugetlb
functions to work on folis".
- Code consolidation and cleanup work related to GUP's handling of
hugetlbs in Peter Xu's series "mm/gup: Unify hugetlb, part 2".
- Rick Edgecombe has developed some fixes to stack guard gaps in the
series "Cover a guard gap corner case".
- Jinjiang Tu has fixed KSM's behaviour after a fork+exec in the series
"mm/ksm: fix ksm exec support for prctl".
- Baolin Wang has implemented NUMA balancing for multi-size THPs. This
is a simple first-cut implementation for now. The series is "support
multi-size THP numa balancing".
- Cleanups to vma handling helper functions from Matthew Wilcox in the
series "Unify vma_address and vma_pgoff_address".
- Some selftests maintenance work from Dev Jain in the series
"selftests/mm: mremap_test: Optimizations and style fixes".
- Improvements to the swapping of multi-size THPs from Ryan Roberts in
the series "Swap-out mTHP without splitting".
- Kefeng Wang has significantly optimized the handling of arm64's
permission page faults in the series
"arch/mm/fault: accelerate pagefault when badaccess"
"mm: remove arch's private VM_FAULT_BADMAP/BADACCESS"
- GUP cleanups from David Hildenbrand in "mm/gup: consistently call it
GUP-fast".
- hugetlb fault code cleanups from Vishal Moola in "Hugetlb fault path to
use struct vm_fault".
- selftests build fixes from John Hubbard in the series "Fix
selftests/mm build without requiring "make headers"".
- Memory tiering fixes/improvements from Ho-Ren (Jack) Chuang in the
series "Improved Memory Tier Creation for CPUless NUMA Nodes". Fixes
the initialization code so that migration between different memory types
works as intended.
- David Hildenbrand has improved follow_pte() and fixed an errant driver
in the series "mm: follow_pte() improvements and acrn follow_pte()
fixes".
- David also did some cleanup work on large folio mapcounts in his
series "mm: mapcount for large folios + page_mapcount() cleanups".
- Folio conversions in KSM in Alex Shi's series "transfer page to folio
in KSM".
- Barry Song has added some sysfs stats for monitoring multi-size THP's
in the series "mm: add per-order mTHP alloc and swpout counters".
- Some zswap cleanups from Yosry Ahmed in the series "zswap same-filled
and limit checking cleanups".
- Matthew Wilcox has been looking at buffer_head code and found the
documentation to be lacking. The series is "Improve buffer head
documentation".
- Multi-size THPs get more work, this time from Lance Yang. His series
"mm/madvise: enhance lazyfreeing with mTHP in madvise_free" optimizes
the freeing of these things.
- Kemeng Shi has added more userspace-visible writeback instrumentation
in the series "Improve visibility of writeback".
- Kemeng Shi then sent some maintenance work on top in the series "Fix
and cleanups to page-writeback".
- Matthew Wilcox reduces mmap_lock traffic in the anon vma code in the
series "Improve anon_vma scalability for anon VMAs". Intel's test bot
reported an improbable 3x improvement in one test.
- SeongJae Park adds some DAMON feature work in the series
"mm/damon: add a DAMOS filter type for page granularity access recheck"
"selftests/damon: add DAMOS quota goal test"
- Also some maintenance work in the series
"mm/damon/paddr: simplify page level access re-check for pageout"
"mm/damon: misc fixes and improvements"
- David Hildenbrand has disabled some known-to-fail selftests ni the
series "selftests: mm: cow: flag vmsplice() hugetlb tests as XFAIL".
- memcg metadata storage optimizations from Shakeel Butt in "memcg:
reduce memory consumption by memcg stats".
- DAX fixes and maintenance work from Vishal Verma in the series
"dax/bus.c: Fixups for dax-bus locking".
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Merge tag 'mm-stable-2024-05-17-19-19' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm
Pull mm updates from Andrew Morton:
"The usual shower of singleton fixes and minor series all over MM,
documented (hopefully adequately) in the respective changelogs.
Notable series include:
- Lucas Stach has provided some page-mapping cleanup/consolidation/
maintainability work in the series "mm/treewide: Remove pXd_huge()
API".
- In the series "Allow migrate on protnone reference with
MPOL_PREFERRED_MANY policy", Donet Tom has optimized mempolicy's
MPOL_PREFERRED_MANY mode, yielding almost doubled performance in
one test.
- In their series "Memory allocation profiling" Kent Overstreet and
Suren Baghdasaryan have contributed a means of determining (via
/proc/allocinfo) whereabouts in the kernel memory is being
allocated: number of calls and amount of memory.
- Matthew Wilcox has provided the series "Various significant MM
patches" which does a number of rather unrelated things, but in
largely similar code sites.
- In his series "mm: page_alloc: freelist migratetype hygiene"
Johannes Weiner has fixed the page allocator's handling of
migratetype requests, with resulting improvements in compaction
efficiency.
- In the series "make the hugetlb migration strategy consistent"
Baolin Wang has fixed a hugetlb migration issue, which should
improve hugetlb allocation reliability.
- Liu Shixin has hit an I/O meltdown caused by readahead in a
memory-tight memcg. Addressed in the series "Fix I/O high when
memory almost met memcg limit".
- In the series "mm/filemap: optimize folio adding and splitting"
Kairui Song has optimized pagecache insertion, yielding ~10%
performance improvement in one test.
- Baoquan He has cleaned up and consolidated the early zone
initialization code in the series "mm/mm_init.c: refactor
free_area_init_core()".
- Baoquan has also redone some MM initializatio code in the series
"mm/init: minor clean up and improvement".
- MM helper cleanups from Christoph Hellwig in his series "remove
follow_pfn".
- More cleanups from Matthew Wilcox in the series "Various
page->flags cleanups".
- Vlastimil Babka has contributed maintainability improvements in the
series "memcg_kmem hooks refactoring".
- More folio conversions and cleanups in Matthew Wilcox's series:
"Convert huge_zero_page to huge_zero_folio"
"khugepaged folio conversions"
"Remove page_idle and page_young wrappers"
"Use folio APIs in procfs"
"Clean up __folio_put()"
"Some cleanups for memory-failure"
"Remove page_mapping()"
"More folio compat code removal"
- David Hildenbrand chipped in with "fs/proc/task_mmu: convert
hugetlb functions to work on folis".
- Code consolidation and cleanup work related to GUP's handling of
hugetlbs in Peter Xu's series "mm/gup: Unify hugetlb, part 2".
- Rick Edgecombe has developed some fixes to stack guard gaps in the
series "Cover a guard gap corner case".
- Jinjiang Tu has fixed KSM's behaviour after a fork+exec in the
series "mm/ksm: fix ksm exec support for prctl".
- Baolin Wang has implemented NUMA balancing for multi-size THPs.
This is a simple first-cut implementation for now. The series is
"support multi-size THP numa balancing".
- Cleanups to vma handling helper functions from Matthew Wilcox in
the series "Unify vma_address and vma_pgoff_address".
- Some selftests maintenance work from Dev Jain in the series
"selftests/mm: mremap_test: Optimizations and style fixes".
- Improvements to the swapping of multi-size THPs from Ryan Roberts
in the series "Swap-out mTHP without splitting".
- Kefeng Wang has significantly optimized the handling of arm64's
permission page faults in the series
"arch/mm/fault: accelerate pagefault when badaccess"
"mm: remove arch's private VM_FAULT_BADMAP/BADACCESS"
- GUP cleanups from David Hildenbrand in "mm/gup: consistently call
it GUP-fast".
- hugetlb fault code cleanups from Vishal Moola in "Hugetlb fault
path to use struct vm_fault".
- selftests build fixes from John Hubbard in the series "Fix
selftests/mm build without requiring "make headers"".
- Memory tiering fixes/improvements from Ho-Ren (Jack) Chuang in the
series "Improved Memory Tier Creation for CPUless NUMA Nodes".
Fixes the initialization code so that migration between different
memory types works as intended.
- David Hildenbrand has improved follow_pte() and fixed an errant
driver in the series "mm: follow_pte() improvements and acrn
follow_pte() fixes".
- David also did some cleanup work on large folio mapcounts in his
series "mm: mapcount for large folios + page_mapcount() cleanups".
- Folio conversions in KSM in Alex Shi's series "transfer page to
folio in KSM".
- Barry Song has added some sysfs stats for monitoring multi-size
THP's in the series "mm: add per-order mTHP alloc and swpout
counters".
- Some zswap cleanups from Yosry Ahmed in the series "zswap
same-filled and limit checking cleanups".
- Matthew Wilcox has been looking at buffer_head code and found the
documentation to be lacking. The series is "Improve buffer head
documentation".
- Multi-size THPs get more work, this time from Lance Yang. His
series "mm/madvise: enhance lazyfreeing with mTHP in madvise_free"
optimizes the freeing of these things.
- Kemeng Shi has added more userspace-visible writeback
instrumentation in the series "Improve visibility of writeback".
- Kemeng Shi then sent some maintenance work on top in the series
"Fix and cleanups to page-writeback".
- Matthew Wilcox reduces mmap_lock traffic in the anon vma code in
the series "Improve anon_vma scalability for anon VMAs". Intel's
test bot reported an improbable 3x improvement in one test.
- SeongJae Park adds some DAMON feature work in the series
"mm/damon: add a DAMOS filter type for page granularity access recheck"
"selftests/damon: add DAMOS quota goal test"
- Also some maintenance work in the series
"mm/damon/paddr: simplify page level access re-check for pageout"
"mm/damon: misc fixes and improvements"
- David Hildenbrand has disabled some known-to-fail selftests ni the
series "selftests: mm: cow: flag vmsplice() hugetlb tests as
XFAIL".
- memcg metadata storage optimizations from Shakeel Butt in "memcg:
reduce memory consumption by memcg stats".
- DAX fixes and maintenance work from Vishal Verma in the series
"dax/bus.c: Fixups for dax-bus locking""
* tag 'mm-stable-2024-05-17-19-19' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm: (426 commits)
memcg, oom: cleanup unused memcg_oom_gfp_mask and memcg_oom_order
selftests/mm: hugetlb_madv_vs_map: avoid test skipping by querying hugepage size at runtime
mm/hugetlb: add missing VM_FAULT_SET_HINDEX in hugetlb_wp
mm/hugetlb: add missing VM_FAULT_SET_HINDEX in hugetlb_fault
selftests: cgroup: add tests to verify the zswap writeback path
mm: memcg: make alloc_mem_cgroup_per_node_info() return bool
mm/damon/core: fix return value from damos_wmark_metric_value
mm: do not update memcg stats for NR_{FILE/SHMEM}_PMDMAPPED
selftests: cgroup: remove redundant enabling of memory controller
Docs/mm/damon/maintainer-profile: allow posting patches based on damon/next tree
Docs/mm/damon/maintainer-profile: change the maintainer's timezone from PST to PT
Docs/mm/damon/design: use a list for supported filters
Docs/admin-guide/mm/damon/usage: fix wrong schemes effective quota update command
Docs/admin-guide/mm/damon/usage: fix wrong example of DAMOS filter matching sysfs file
selftests/damon: classify tests for functionalities and regressions
selftests/damon/_damon_sysfs: use 'is' instead of '==' for 'None'
selftests/damon/_damon_sysfs: find sysfs mount point from /proc/mounts
selftests/damon/_damon_sysfs: check errors from nr_schemes file reads
mm/damon/core: initialize ->esz_bp from damos_quota_init_priv()
selftests/damon: add a test for DAMOS quota goal
...
The commit 63b1898fff ("XArray: Disallow sibling entries of nodes")
modified the xas_descend function in such a way that it was no longer
being compiled as an inline function, because it increased the size of
xas_descend(), and the compiler no longer optimizes it as inline. This
had a negative impact on performance, xas_descend is called frequently to
traverse downwards in the xarray tree, making it a hot function.
Inlining xas_descend has been shown to significantly improve performance
by approximately 4.95% in the iozone write test.
Machine: Intel(R) Xeon(R) Gold 6240 CPU @ 2.60GHz
#iozone i 0 -i 1 -s 64g -r 16m -f /test/tmptest
Before this patch:
kB reclen write rewrite read reread
67108864 16384 2230080 3637689 6315197 5496027
After this patch:
kB reclen write rewrite read reread
67108864 16384 2340360 3666175 6272401 5460782
Percentage change:
4.95% 0.78% -0.68% -0.64%
This patch introduces inlining to the xas_descend function. While this
change increases the size of lib/xarray.o, the performance gains in
critical workloads make this an acceptable trade-off.
Size comparison before and after patch:
.text .data .bss file
0x3502 0 0 lib/xarray.o.before
0x3602 0 0 lib/xarray.o.after
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20240416061628.3768901-1-leo.lilong@huawei.com
Signed-off-by: Long Li <leo.lilong@huawei.com>
Cc: Hou Tao <houtao1@huawei.com>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: yangerkun <yangerkun@huawei.com>
Cc: Zhang Yi <yi.zhang@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
If we created a new node to replace an entry which had search marks set,
we were setting the search mark on every entry in that node. That works
fine when we're splitting to order 0, but when splitting to a larger
order, we must not set the search marks on the sibling entries.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20240501153120.4094530-1-willy@infradead.org
Fixes: c010d47f10 ("mm: thp: split huge page to any lower order pages")
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Reported-by: Luis Chamberlain <mcgrof@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/ZjFGCOYk3FK_zVy3@bombadil.infradead.org
Tested-by: Luis Chamberlain <mcgrof@kernel.org>
Cc: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
It can be used after xas_load to check the order of loaded entries.
Compared to xa_get_order, it saves an XA_STATE and avoid a rewalk.
Added new test for xas_get_order, to make the test work, we have to export
xas_get_order with EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL.
Also fix a sparse warning by checking the slot value with xa_entry instead
of accessing it directly, as suggested by Matthew Wilcox.
[kasong@tencent.com: simplify comment, sparse warning fix, per Matthew Wilcox]
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20240416071722.45997-4-ryncsn@gmail.com
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20240415171857.19244-4-ryncsn@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Kairui Song <kasong@tencent.com>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Adds a new line to the docstrings of functions wrapping __xa_alloc() and
__xa_alloc_cyclic(), informing about the necessity of flag XA_FLAGS_ALLOC
being set previously.
The documentation so far says that functions wrapping __xa_alloc() and
__xa_alloc_cyclic() are supposed to return either -ENOMEM or -EBUSY in
case of an error. If the xarray has been initialized without the flag
XA_FLAGS_ALLOC, however, they fail with a different, undocumented error
code.
As hinted at in Documentation/core-api/xarray.rst, wrappers around these
functions should only be invoked when the flag has been set. The
functions' documentation should reflect that as well.
Signed-off-by: Philipp Stanner <pstanner@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
It is possible for xa_load() to observe a sibling entry pointing to
another sibling entry. An example:
Thread A: Thread B:
xa_store_range(xa, entry, 188, 191, gfp);
xa_load(xa, 191);
entry = xa_entry(xa, node, 63);
[entry is a sibling of 188]
xa_store_range(xa, entry, 184, 191, gfp);
if (xa_is_sibling(entry))
offset = xa_to_sibling(entry);
entry = xa_entry(xas->xa, node, offset);
[entry is now a sibling of 184]
It is sufficient to go around this loop until we hit a non-sibling entry.
Sibling entries always point earlier in the node, so we are guaranteed
to terminate this search.
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Fixes: 6b24ca4a1a ("mm: Use multi-index entries in the page cache")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
The xarray.c file contains the only call to radix_tree_node_rcu_free(),
and it comes with its own extern declaration for it. This means the
function definition causes a missing-prototype warning:
lib/radix-tree.c:288:6: error: no previous prototype for 'radix_tree_node_rcu_free' [-Werror=missing-prototypes]
Instead, move the declaration for this function to a new header that can
be included by both, and do the same for the radix_tree_node_cachep
variable that has the same underlying problem but does not cause a warning
with gcc.
[zhangpeng.00@bytedance.com: fix building radix tree test suite]
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230521095450.21332-1-zhangpeng.00@bytedance.com
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230516194212.548910-1-arnd@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Signed-off-by: Peng Zhang <zhangpeng.00@bytedance.com>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
If xas_split_alloc() fails to allocate the necessary nodes to complete the
xarray entry split, it sets the xa_state to -ENOMEM, which xas_nomem()
then interprets as "Please allocate more memory", not as "Please free
any unnecessary memory" (which was the intended outcome). It's confusing
to use xas_nomem() to free memory in this context, so call xas_destroy()
instead.
Reported-by: syzbot+9e27a75a8c24f3fe75c1@syzkaller.appspotmail.com
Fixes: 6b24ca4a1a ("mm: Use multi-index entries in the page cache")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
There is a race between xas_split() and xas_load() which can result in
the wrong page being returned, and thus data corruption. Fortunately,
it's hard to hit (syzbot took three months to find it) and often guarded
with VM_BUG_ON().
The anatomy of this race is:
thread A thread B
order-9 page is stored at index 0x200
lookup of page at index 0x274
page split starts
load of sibling entry at offset 9
stores nodes at offsets 8-15
load of entry at offset 8
The entry at offset 8 turns out to be a node, and so we descend into it,
and load the page at index 0x234 instead of 0x274. This is hard to fix
on the split side; we could replace the entire node that contains the
order-9 page instead of replacing the eight entries. Fixing it on
the lookup side is easier; just disallow sibling entries that point
to nodes. This cannot ever be a useful thing as the descent would not
know the correct offset to use within the new node.
The test suite continues to pass, but I have not added a new test for
this bug.
Reported-by: syzbot+cf4cf13056f85dec2c40@syzkaller.appspotmail.com
Tested-by: syzbot+cf4cf13056f85dec2c40@syzkaller.appspotmail.com
Fixes: 6b24ca4a1a ("mm: Use multi-index entries in the page cache")
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
- Documentation update
- Fix test-suite build after move of bitmap.h
- Fix xas_create_range() when a large entry is already present
- Fix xas_split() of a shadow entry
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Merge tag 'xarray-5.18' of git://git.infradead.org/users/willy/xarray
Pull XArray updates from Matthew Wilcox:
- Documentation update
- Fix test-suite build after move of bitmap.h
- Fix xas_create_range() when a large entry is already present
- Fix xas_split() of a shadow entry
* tag 'xarray-5.18' of git://git.infradead.org/users/willy/xarray:
XArray: Update the LRU list in xas_split()
XArray: Fix xas_create_range() when multi-order entry present
XArray: Include bitmap.h from xarray.h
XArray: Document the locking requirement for the xa_state
When splitting a value entry, we may need to add the new nodes to the LRU
list and remove the parent node from the LRU list. The WARN_ON checks
in shadow_lru_isolate() catch this oversight. This bug was latent
until we stopped splitting folios in shrink_page_list() with commit
820c4e2e6f ("mm/vmscan: Free non-shmem folios without splitting them").
That allows the creation of large shadow entries, and subsequently when
trying to page in a small page, we will split the large shadow entry
in __filemap_add_folio().
Fixes: 8fc75643c5 ("XArray: add xas_split")
Reported-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
If there is already an entry present that is of order >= XA_CHUNK_SHIFT
when we call xas_create_range(), xas_create_range() will misinterpret
that entry as a node and dereference xa_node->parent, generally leading
to a crash that looks something like this:
general protection fault, probably for non-canonical address 0xdffffc0000000001:
0000 [#1] PREEMPT SMP KASAN
KASAN: null-ptr-deref in range [0x0000000000000008-0x000000000000000f]
CPU: 0 PID: 32 Comm: khugepaged Not tainted 5.17.0-rc8-syzkaller-00003-g56e337f2cf13 #0
RIP: 0010:xa_parent_locked include/linux/xarray.h:1207 [inline]
RIP: 0010:xas_create_range+0x2d9/0x6e0 lib/xarray.c:725
It's deterministically reproducable once you know what the problem is,
but producing it in a live kernel requires khugepaged to hit a race.
While the problem has been present since xas_create_range() was
introduced, I'm not aware of a way to hit it before the page cache was
converted to use multi-index entries.
Fixes: 6b24ca4a1a ("mm: Use multi-index entries in the page cache")
Reported-by: syzbot+0d2b0bf32ca5cfd09f2e@syzkaller.appspotmail.com
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
The workingset will add the xa_node to the shadow_nodes list. So the
allocation of xa_node should be done by kmem_cache_alloc_lru(). Using
xas_set_lru() to pass the list_lru which we want to insert xa_node into to
set up the xa_node reclaim context correctly.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220228122126.37293-9-songmuchun@bytedance.com
Signed-off-by: Muchun Song <songmuchun@bytedance.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Roman Gushchin <roman.gushchin@linux.dev>
Cc: Alex Shi <alexs@kernel.org>
Cc: Anna Schumaker <Anna.Schumaker@Netapp.com>
Cc: Chao Yu <chao@kernel.org>
Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>
Cc: Fam Zheng <fam.zheng@bytedance.com>
Cc: Jaegeuk Kim <jaegeuk@kernel.org>
Cc: Kari Argillander <kari.argillander@gmail.com>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Qi Zheng <zhengqi.arch@bytedance.com>
Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Cc: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: Trond Myklebust <trond.myklebust@hammerspace.com>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Wei Yang <richard.weiyang@gmail.com>
Cc: Xiongchun Duan <duanxiongchun@bytedance.com>
Cc: Yang Shi <shy828301@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Add a new helper function to help iterate over multi-index entries.
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: William Kucharski <william.kucharski@oracle.com>
Splitting an order-4 entry into order-2 entries would leave the array
containing pointers to 000040008000c000 instead of 000044448888cccc.
This is a one-character fix, but enhance the test suite to check this
case.
Reported-by: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com>
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
I wrote the documentation backwards; the new order of the entry is stored
in the xas and the caller passes the old entry.
Reported-by: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com>
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
- Fix the test suite after introduction of the local_lock
- Fix a bug in the IDA spotted by Coverity
- Change the API that allows the workingset code to delete a node
- Fix xas_reload() when dealing with entries that occupy multiple indices
- Add a few more tests to the test suite
- Fix an unsigned int being shifted into an unsigned long
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Merge tag 'xarray-5.9' of git://git.infradead.org/users/willy/xarray
Pull XArray updates from Matthew Wilcox:
- Fix the test suite after introduction of the local_lock
- Fix a bug in the IDA spotted by Coverity
- Change the API that allows the workingset code to delete a node
- Fix xas_reload() when dealing with entries that occupy multiple
indices
- Add a few more tests to the test suite
- Fix an unsigned int being shifted into an unsigned long
* tag 'xarray-5.9' of git://git.infradead.org/users/willy/xarray:
XArray: Fix xas_create_range for ranges above 4 billion
radix-tree: fix the comment of radix_tree_next_slot()
XArray: Fix xas_reload for multi-index entries
XArray: Add private interface for workingset node deletion
XArray: Fix xas_for_each_conflict documentation
XArray: Test marked multiorder iterations
XArray: Test two more things about xa_cmpxchg
ida: Free allocated bitmap in error path
radix tree test suite: Fix compilation
In order to use multi-index entries for huge pages in the page cache, we
need to be able to split a multi-index entry (eg if a file is truncated in
the middle of a huge page entry). This version does not support splitting
more than one level of the tree at a time. This is an acceptable
limitation for the page cache as we do not expect to support order-12
pages in the near future.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: export xas_split_alloc() to modules]
[willy@infradead.org: fix xarray split]
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200910175450.GV6583@casper.infradead.org
[willy@infradead.org: fix xarray]
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20201001233943.GW20115@casper.infradead.org
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: "Kirill A . Shutemov" <kirill@shutemov.name>
Cc: Qian Cai <cai@lca.pw>
Cc: Song Liu <songliubraving@fb.com>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200903183029.14930-3-willy@infradead.org
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Patch series "Fix read-only THP for non-tmpfs filesystems".
As described more verbosely in the [3/3] changelog, we can inadvertently
put an order-0 page in the page cache which occupies 512 consecutive
entries. Users are running into this if they enable the
READ_ONLY_THP_FOR_FS config option; see
https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=206569 and Qian Cai has also
reported it here:
https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20200616013309.GB815@lca.pw/
This is a rather intrusive way of fixing the problem, but has the
advantage that I've actually been testing it with the THP patches, which
means that it sees far more use than it does upstream -- indeed, Song has
been entirely unable to reproduce it. It also has the advantage that it
removes a few patches from my gargantuan backlog of THP patches.
This patch (of 3):
This function returns the order of the entry at the index. We need this
because there isn't space in the shadow entry to encode its order.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: export xa_get_order to modules]
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: "Kirill A . Shutemov" <kirill@shutemov.name>
Cc: Qian Cai <cai@lca.pw>
Cc: Song Liu <songliubraving@fb.com>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200903183029.14930-1-willy@infradead.org
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200903183029.14930-2-willy@infradead.org
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The 'sibs' variable would be shifted as a 32-bit integer, so if 'shift'
is more than 32, this is undefined behaviour. In practice, this doesn't
happen because the page cache is the only user and nobody uses 16TB pages.
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Move the tricky bits of dealing with the XArray from the workingset
code to the XArray. Make it clear in the documentation that this is a
private interface, and only export it for the benefit of the test suite.
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
xas_for_each_marked() is using entry == NULL as a termination condition
of the iteration. When xas_for_each_marked() is used protected only by
RCU, this can however race with xas_store(xas, NULL) in the following
way:
TASK1 TASK2
page_cache_delete() find_get_pages_range_tag()
xas_for_each_marked()
xas_find_marked()
off = xas_find_chunk()
xas_store(&xas, NULL)
xas_init_marks(&xas);
...
rcu_assign_pointer(*slot, NULL);
entry = xa_entry(off);
And thus xas_for_each_marked() terminates prematurely possibly leading
to missed entries in the iteration (translating to missing writeback of
some pages or a similar problem).
If we find a NULL entry that has been marked, skip it (unless we're trying
to allocate an entry).
Reported-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
CC: stable@vger.kernel.org
Fixes: ef8e5717db ("page cache: Convert delete_batch to XArray")
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
If CONFIG_XARRAY_MULTI is disabled, then xas_sibling() must be false.
Reported-by: JaeJoon Jung <rgbi3307@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Inspired by the recent Coverity report, I looked for other places where
the offset wasn't being converted to an unsigned long before being
shifted, and I found one in xas_pause() when the entry being paused is
of order >32.
Fixes: b803b42823 ("xarray: Add XArray iterators")
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Coverity pointed out that xas_sibling() was shifting xa_offset without
promoting it to an unsigned long first, so the shift could cause an
overflow and we'd get the wrong answer. The fix is obvious, and the
new test-case provokes UBSAN to report an error:
runtime error: shift exponent 60 is too large for 32-bit type 'int'
Fixes: 19c30f4dd0 ("XArray: Fix xa_find_after with multi-index entries")
Reported-by: Bjorn Helgaas <bhelgaas@google.com>
Reported-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
If you call xas_find() with the initial index > max, it should have
returned NULL but was returning the entry at index.
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
If the entry is of an order which is a multiple of XA_CHUNK_SIZE,
the current detection of sibling entries does not work. Factor out
an xas_sibling() function to make xa_find_after() a little more
understandable, and write a new implementation that doesn't suffer from
the same bug.
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
If there is an entry at ULONG_MAX, xa_for_each() will overflow the
'index + 1' in xa_find_after() and wrap around to 0. Catch this case
and terminate the loop by returning NULL.
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
If we were unlucky enough to call xas_pause() when the index was at
ULONG_MAX (or a multi-slot entry which ends at ULONG_MAX), we would
wrap the index back around to 0 and restart the iteration from the
beginning. Use the XAS_BOUNDS state to indicate that we should just
stop the iteration.
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
If there is only a single entry at 0, the first time we call xas_next(),
we return the entry. Unfortunately, all subsequent times we call
xas_next(), we also return the entry at 0 instead of noticing that the
xa_index is now greater than zero. This broke find_get_pages_contig().
Fixes: 64d3e9a9e0 ("xarray: Step through an XArray")
Reported-by: Kent Overstreet <kent.overstreet@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Since a283348629 ("page cache: Finish XArray conversion"), on most
major Linux distributions, the page cache doesn't correctly transition
when the hot data set is changing, and leaves the new pages thrashing
indefinitely instead of kicking out the cold ones.
On a freshly booted, freshly ssh'd into virtual machine with 1G RAM
running stock Arch Linux:
[root@ham ~]# ./reclaimtest.sh
+ dd of=workingset-a bs=1M count=0 seek=600
+ cat workingset-a
+ cat workingset-a
+ cat workingset-a
+ cat workingset-a
+ cat workingset-a
+ cat workingset-a
+ cat workingset-a
+ cat workingset-a
+ ./mincore workingset-a
153600/153600 workingset-a
+ dd of=workingset-b bs=1M count=0 seek=600
+ cat workingset-b
+ cat workingset-b
+ cat workingset-b
+ cat workingset-b
+ ./mincore workingset-a workingset-b
104029/153600 workingset-a
120086/153600 workingset-b
+ cat workingset-b
+ cat workingset-b
+ cat workingset-b
+ cat workingset-b
+ ./mincore workingset-a workingset-b
104029/153600 workingset-a
120268/153600 workingset-b
workingset-b is a 600M file on a 1G host that is otherwise entirely
idle. No matter how often it's being accessed, it won't get cached.
While investigating, I noticed that the non-resident information gets
aggressively reclaimed - /proc/vmstat::workingset_nodereclaim. This is
a problem because a workingset transition like this relies on the
non-resident information tracked in the page cache tree of evicted
file ranges: when the cache faults are refaults of recently evicted
cache, we challenge the existing active set, and that allows a new
workingset to establish itself.
Tracing the shrinker that maintains this memory revealed that all page
cache tree nodes were allocated to the root cgroup. This is a problem,
because 1) the shrinker sizes the amount of non-resident information
it keeps to the size of the cgroup's other memory and 2) on most major
Linux distributions, only kernel threads live in the root cgroup and
everything else gets put into services or session groups:
[root@ham ~]# cat /proc/self/cgroup
0::/user.slice/user-0.slice/session-c1.scope
As a result, we basically maintain no non-resident information for the
workloads running on the system, thus breaking the caching algorithm.
Looking through the code, I found the culprit in the above-mentioned
patch: when switching from the radix tree to xarray, it dropped the
__GFP_ACCOUNT flag from the tree node allocations - the flag that
makes sure the allocated memory gets charged to and tracked by the
cgroup of the calling process - in this case, the one doing the fault.
To fix this, allow xarray users to specify per-tree flag that makes
xarray allocate nodes using __GFP_ACCOUNT. Then restore the page cache
tree annotation to request such cgroup tracking for the cache nodes.
With this patch applied, the page cache correctly converges on new
workingsets again after just a few iterations:
[root@ham ~]# ./reclaimtest.sh
+ dd of=workingset-a bs=1M count=0 seek=600
+ cat workingset-a
+ cat workingset-a
+ cat workingset-a
+ cat workingset-a
+ cat workingset-a
+ cat workingset-a
+ cat workingset-a
+ cat workingset-a
+ ./mincore workingset-a
153600/153600 workingset-a
+ dd of=workingset-b bs=1M count=0 seek=600
+ cat workingset-b
+ ./mincore workingset-a workingset-b
124607/153600 workingset-a
87876/153600 workingset-b
+ cat workingset-b
+ ./mincore workingset-a workingset-b
81313/153600 workingset-a
133321/153600 workingset-b
+ cat workingset-b
+ ./mincore workingset-a workingset-b
63036/153600 workingset-a
153600/153600 workingset-b
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # 4.20+
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Reviewed-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
If we reserve index 0, the next entry to be stored there might be 2-byte
aligned. That means we have to create the root xa_node at the time of
reserving the initial entry.
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
xas_store() was interpreting the entry it found in the array as a node
entry if the bottom two bits had value 2. That's only true if either
the entry is in the root node or in a non-leaf node.
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Jason feels this is clearer, and it saves a function and an exported
symbol.
Suggested-by: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@ziepe.ca>
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
xa_cmpxchg() was a little too magic in turning ZERO entries into NULL,
and would leave the entry set to the ZERO entry instead of releasing
it for future use. After careful review of existing users of
xa_cmpxchg(), change the semantics so that it does not translate either
incoming argument from NULL into ZERO entries.
Add several tests to the test-suite to make sure this problem doesn't
come back.
Reported-by: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@ziepe.ca>
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
This differs slightly from the IDR equivalent in five ways.
1. It can allocate up to UINT_MAX instead of being limited to INT_MAX,
like xa_alloc(). Also like xa_alloc(), it will write to the 'id'
pointer before placing the entry in the XArray.
2. The 'next' cursor is allocated separately from the XArray instead
of being part of the IDR. This saves memory for all the users which
do not use the cyclic allocation API and suits some users better.
3. It returns -EBUSY instead of -ENOSPC.
4. It will attempt to wrap back to the minimum value on memory allocation
failure as well as on an -EBUSY error, assuming that a user would
rather allocate a small ID than suffer an ID allocation failure.
5. It reports whether it has wrapped, which is important to some users.
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
It was too easy to forget to initialise the start index. Add an
xa_limit data structure which can be used to pass min & max, and
define a couple of special values for common cases. Also add some
more tests cribbed from the IDR test suite. Change the return value
from -ENOSPC to -EBUSY to match xa_insert().
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
A lot of places want to allocate IDs starting at 1 instead of 0.
While the xa_alloc() API supports this, it's not very efficient if lots
of IDs are allocated, due to having to walk down to the bottom of the
tree to see if ID 1 is available, then all the way over to the next
non-allocated ID. This method marks ID 0 as being occupied which wastes
one slot in the XArray, but preserves xa_empty() as working.
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Userspace translates EEXIST to "File exists" which isn't a very good
error message for the problem. "Device or resource busy" is a better
indication of what went wrong.
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
xa_erase does not allocate memory and doesn't have a gfp parameter.
Update the descriptions of all four variants to be more useful.
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
xa_insert() should treat reserved entries as occupied, not as available.
Also, it should treat requests to insert a NULL pointer as a request
to reserve the slot. Add xa_insert_bh() and xa_insert_irq() for
completeness.
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
On m68k, statically allocated pointers may only be two-byte aligned.
This clashes with the XArray's method for tagging internal pointers.
Permit storing these pointers in single slots (ie not in multislots).
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
A regular xa_init_flags() put all dynamically-initialised XArrays into
the same locking class. That leads to lockdep believing that taking
one XArray lock while holding another is a deadlock. It's possible to
work around some of these situations with separate locking classes for
irq/bh/regular XArrays, and SINGLE_DEPTH_NESTING, but that's ugly, and
it doesn't work for all situations (where we have completely unrelated
XArrays).
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Specifying a starting ID greater than the maximum ID isn't something
attempted very often, but it should fail. It was succeeding due to
xas_find_marked() returning the wrong error state, so add tests for
both xa_alloc() and xas_find_marked().
Fixes: b803b42823 ("xarray: Add XArray iterators")
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
The explicit '64' should have been BITS_PER_LONG, but while looking at
this code I realised I meant to use __ffs(), not ilog2().
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
For allocating XArrays, it makes sense to distinguish beteen erasing an
entry and storing NULL. Storing NULL keeps the index allocated with a
NULL pointer associated with it while xa_erase() frees the index. Some
existing IDR users rely on this ability.
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Saves around 115 bytes on a tinyconfig build and reduces the amount
of code duplication in the XArray implementation.
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Make xa_erase() take the spinlock and then call __xa_erase(), but make
it out of line since it's such a common function.
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
xa_cmpxchg() was one of the largest functions in the xarray
implementation. By turning it into a wrapper and having the callers
take the lock (like several other functions), we save 160 bytes on a
tinyconfig build and reduce the duplication in xarray.c.
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
