590 Commits

Author SHA1 Message Date
H. Peter Anvin
de65d816aa Merge remote-tracking branch 'origin/x86/boot' into x86/mm2
Coming patches to x86/mm2 require the changes and advanced baseline in
x86/boot.

Resolved Conflicts:
	arch/x86/kernel/setup.c
	mm/nobootmem.c

Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>
2013-01-29 15:10:15 -08:00
H. Peter Anvin
7b5c4a65cc Linux 3.8-rc5
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Merge tag 'v3.8-rc5' into x86/mm

The __pa() fixup series that follows touches KVM code that is not
present in the existing branch based on v3.7-rc5, so merge in the
current upstream from Linus.

Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>
2013-01-25 16:31:21 -08:00
H. Peter Anvin
e43b3cec71 x86/Sandy Bridge: Sandy Bridge workaround depends on CONFIG_PCI
early_pci_allowed() and read_pci_config_16() are only available if
CONFIG_PCI is defined.

Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
2013-01-13 20:58:57 -08:00
H. Peter Anvin
ab3cd8670e x86/Sandy Bridge: mark arrays in __init functions as __initconst
Mark static arrays as __initconst so they get removed when the init
sections are flushed.

Reported-by: Mathias Krause <minipli@googlemail.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/75F4BEE6-CB0E-4426-B40B-697451677738@googlemail.com
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>
2013-01-13 20:36:39 -08:00
Jesse Barnes
a9acc5365d x86/Sandy Bridge: reserve pages when integrated graphics is present
SNB graphics devices have a bug that prevent them from accessing certain
memory ranges, namely anything below 1M and in the pages listed in the
table.  So reserve those at boot if set detect a SNB gfx device on the
CPU to avoid GPU hangs.

Stephane Marchesin had a similar patch to the page allocator awhile
back, but rather than reserving pages up front, it leaked them at
allocation time.

[ hpa: made a number of stylistic changes, marked arrays as static
  const, and made less verbose; use "memblock=debug" for full
  verbosity. ]

Signed-off-by: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>
2013-01-11 14:26:38 -08:00
Linus Torvalds
18dd0bf22b Merge branch 'x86-acpi-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip
Pull x86 ACPI update from Peter Anvin:
 "This is a patchset which didn't make the last merge window.  It adds a
  debugging capability to feed ACPI tables via the initramfs.

  On a grander scope, it formalizes using the initramfs protocol for
  feeding arbitrary blobs which need to be accessed early to the kernel:
  they are fed first in the initramfs blob (lots of bootloaders can
  concatenate this at boot time, others can use a single file) in an
  uncompressed cpio archive using filenames starting with "kernel/".

  The ACPI maintainers requested that this patchset be fed via the x86
  tree rather than the ACPI tree as the footprint in the general x86
  code is much bigger than in the ACPI code proper."

* 'x86-acpi-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  X86 ACPI: Use #ifdef not #if for CONFIG_X86 check
  ACPI: Fix build when disabled
  ACPI: Document ACPI table overriding via initrd
  ACPI: Create acpi_table_taint() function to avoid code duplication
  ACPI: Implement physical address table override
  ACPI: Store valid ACPI tables passed via early initrd in reserved memblock areas
  x86, acpi: Introduce x86 arch specific arch_reserve_mem_area() for e820 handling
  lib: Add early cpio decoder
2012-12-14 10:03:23 -08:00
Matthew Garrett
f9a37be0f0 x86: Use PCI setup data
EFI can provide PCI ROMs out of band via boot services, which may not be
available after boot. Add support for using the data handed off to us by
the boot stub or bootloader.

[bhelgaas: added Seth's boot_params section mismatch fix]
[bhelgaas: drop "boot_params.hdr.version < 0x0209" test]
Signed-off-by: Matthew Garrett <mjg@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Bjorn Helgaas <bhelgaas@google.com>
Tested-by: Seth Forshee <seth.forshee@canonical.com>
2012-12-05 14:38:26 -07:00
Yinghai Lu
c074eaac2a x86, mm: kill numa_64.h
Signed-off-by: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1353123563-3103-44-git-send-email-yinghai@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>
2012-11-17 11:59:47 -08:00
Yinghai Lu
148b20989e x86, mm: Move init_gbpages() out of setup.c
Put it in mm/init.c, and call it from probe_page_mask().
init_mem_mapping is calling probe_page_mask at first.
So calling sequence is not changed.

Signed-off-by: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1353123563-3103-32-git-send-email-yinghai@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>
2012-11-17 11:59:37 -08:00
Yinghai Lu
9985b4c6fa x86, mm: Move min_pfn_mapped back to mm/init.c
Also change it to static.

Signed-off-by: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1353123563-3103-26-git-send-email-yinghai@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>
2012-11-17 11:59:24 -08:00
Yinghai Lu
8d57470d8f x86, mm: setup page table in top-down
Get pgt_buf early from BRK, and use it to map PMD_SIZE from top at first.
Then use mapped pages to map more ranges below, and keep looping until
all pages get mapped.

alloc_low_page will use page from BRK at first, after that buffer is used
up, will use memblock to find and reserve pages for page table usage.

Introduce min_pfn_mapped to make sure find new pages from mapped ranges,
that will be updated when lower pages get mapped.

Also add step_size to make sure that don't try to map too big range with
limited mapped pages initially, and increase the step_size when we have
more mapped pages on hand.

We don't need to call pagetable_reserve anymore, reserve work is done
in alloc_low_page() directly.

At last we can get rid of calculation and find early pgt related code.

-v2: update to after fix_xen change,
     also use MACRO for initial pgt_buf size and add comments with it.
-v3: skip big reserved range in memblock.reserved near end.
-v4: don't need fix_xen change now.
-v5: add changelog about moving about reserving pagetable to alloc_low_page.

Suggested-by: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Signed-off-by: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1353123563-3103-22-git-send-email-yinghai@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>
2012-11-17 11:59:19 -08:00
Yinghai Lu
74f27655dd x86, mm: relocate initrd under all mem for 64bit
instead of under 4g.

For 64bit, we can use any mapped mem instead of low mem.

Signed-off-by: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1353123563-3103-17-git-send-email-yinghai@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>
2012-11-17 11:59:15 -08:00
Jacob Shin
66520ebc2d x86, mm: Only direct map addresses that are marked as E820_RAM
Currently direct mappings are created for [ 0 to max_low_pfn<<PAGE_SHIFT )
and [ 4GB to max_pfn<<PAGE_SHIFT ), which may include regions that are not
backed by actual DRAM. This is fine for holes under 4GB which are covered
by fixed and variable range MTRRs to be UC. However, we run into trouble
on higher memory addresses which cannot be covered by MTRRs.

Our system with 1TB of RAM has an e820 that looks like this:

 BIOS-e820: [mem 0x0000000000000000-0x00000000000983ff] usable
 BIOS-e820: [mem 0x0000000000098400-0x000000000009ffff] reserved
 BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000000d0000-0x00000000000fffff] reserved
 BIOS-e820: [mem 0x0000000000100000-0x00000000c7ebffff] usable
 BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000c7ec0000-0x00000000c7ed7fff] ACPI data
 BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000c7ed8000-0x00000000c7ed9fff] ACPI NVS
 BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000c7eda000-0x00000000c7ffffff] reserved
 BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000fec00000-0x00000000fec0ffff] reserved
 BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000fee00000-0x00000000fee00fff] reserved
 BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000fff00000-0x00000000ffffffff] reserved
 BIOS-e820: [mem 0x0000000100000000-0x000000e037ffffff] usable
 BIOS-e820: [mem 0x000000e038000000-0x000000fcffffffff] reserved
 BIOS-e820: [mem 0x0000010000000000-0x0000011ffeffffff] usable

and so direct mappings are created for huge memory hole between
0x000000e038000000 to 0x0000010000000000. Even though the kernel never
generates memory accesses in that region, since the page tables mark
them incorrectly as being WB, our (AMD) processor ends up causing a MCE
while doing some memory bookkeeping/optimizations around that area.

This patch iterates through e820 and only direct maps ranges that are
marked as E820_RAM, and keeps track of those pfn ranges. Depending on
the alignment of E820 ranges, this may possibly result in using smaller
size (i.e. 4K instead of 2M or 1G) page tables.

-v2: move changes from setup.c to mm/init.c, also use for_each_mem_pfn_range
	instead.  - Yinghai Lu
-v3: add calculate_all_table_space_size() to get correct needed page table
	size. - Yinghai Lu
-v4: fix add_pfn_range_mapped() to get correct max_low_pfn_mapped when
     mem map does have hole under 4g that is found by Konard on xen
     domU with 8g ram. - Yinghai

Signed-off-by: Jacob Shin <jacob.shin@amd.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1353123563-3103-16-git-send-email-yinghai@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>
2012-11-17 11:59:14 -08:00
Yinghai Lu
e8c57d4051 x86, mm: use pfn_range_is_mapped() with reserve_initrd
We are going to map ram only, so under max_low_pfn_mapped,
between 4g and max_pfn_mapped does not mean mapped at all.

Use pfn_range_is_mapped() to find out if range is mapped for initrd.

That could happen bootloader put initrd in range but user could
use memmap to carve some of range out.

Also during copying need to use early_memmap to map original initrd
for accessing.

Signed-off-by: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1353123563-3103-15-git-send-email-yinghai@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>
2012-11-17 11:59:12 -08:00
Jacob Shin
4eea6aa581 x86, mm: if kernel .text .data .bss are not marked as E820_RAM, complain and fix
There could be cases where user supplied memmap=exactmap memory
mappings do not mark the region where the kernel .text .data and
.bss reside as E820_RAM, as reported here:

https://lkml.org/lkml/2012/8/14/86

Handle it by complaining, and adding the range back into the e820.

Signed-off-by: Jacob Shin <jacob.shin@amd.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1353123563-3103-11-git-send-email-yinghai@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>
2012-11-17 11:59:08 -08:00
Yinghai Lu
dd7dfad7fb x86, mm: Set memblock initial limit to 1M
memblock_x86_fill() could double memory array.
If we set memblock.current_limit to 512M, so memory array could be around 512M.
So kdump will not get big range (like 512M) under 1024M.

Try to put it down under 1M, it would use about 4k or so, and that is limited.

Signed-off-by: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1353123563-3103-10-git-send-email-yinghai@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>
2012-11-17 11:59:07 -08:00
Yinghai Lu
22ddfcaa0d x86, mm: Move init_memory_mapping calling out of setup.c
Now init_memory_mapping is called two times, later will be called for every
ram ranges.

Could put all related init_mem calling together and out of setup.c.

Actually, it reverts commit 1bbbbe7
    x86: Exclude E820_RESERVED regions and memory holes above 4 GB from direct mapping.
will address that later with complete solution include handling hole under 4g.

Signed-off-by: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1353123563-3103-5-git-send-email-yinghai@kernel.org
Reviewed-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>
2012-11-17 11:59:03 -08:00
Yinghai Lu
fa62aafea9 x86, mm: Add global page_size_mask and probe one time only
Now we pass around use_gbpages and use_pse for calculating page table size,
Later we will need to call init_memory_mapping for every ram range one by one,
that mean those calculation will be done several times.

Those information are the same for all ram range and could be stored in
page_size_mask and could be probed it one time only.

Move that probing code out of init_memory_mapping into separated function
probe_page_size_mask(), and call it before all init_memory_mapping.

Suggested-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1353123563-3103-2-git-send-email-yinghai@kernel.org
Reviewed-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>
2012-11-17 11:59:00 -08:00
Alexander Duyck
fc8d782677 x86: Use __pa_symbol instead of __pa on C visible symbols
When I made an attempt at separating __pa_symbol and __pa I found that there
were a number of cases where __pa was used on an obvious symbol.

I also caught one non-obvious case as _brk_start and _brk_end are based on the
address of __brk_base which is a C visible symbol.

In mark_rodata_ro I was able to reduce the overhead of kernel symbol to
virtual memory translation by using a combination of __va(__pa_symbol())
instead of page_address(virt_to_page()).

Signed-off-by: Alexander Duyck <alexander.h.duyck@intel.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20121116215640.8521.80483.stgit@ahduyck-cp1.jf.intel.com
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>
2012-11-16 16:42:09 -08:00
Ingo Molnar
8b724e2a12 EFI updates for 3.7
Fix oops with EFI variables on mixed 32/64-bit firmware/kernels and
 document EFI git repository location on kernel.org.
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Merge tag 'efi-for-3.7' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mfleming/efi into x86/urgent

Pull EFI fixes from Matt Fleming:

 "Fix oops with EFI variables on mixed 32/64-bit firmware/kernels and
  document EFI git repository location on kernel.org."

Conflicts:
	arch/x86/include/asm/efi.h

Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
2012-10-26 10:17:38 +02:00
Olof Johansson
5189c2a7c7 x86: efi: Turn off efi_enabled after setup on mixed fw/kernel
When 32-bit EFI is used with 64-bit kernel (or vice versa), turn off
efi_enabled once setup is done. Beyond setup, it is normally used to
determine if runtime services are available and we will have none.

This will resolve issues stemming from efivars modprobe panicking on a
32/64-bit setup, as well as some reboot issues on similar setups.

Bugzilla: https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=45991

Reported-by: Marko Kohtala <marko.kohtala@gmail.com>
Reported-by: Maxim Kammerer <mk@dee.su>
Signed-off-by: Olof Johansson <olof@lixom.net>
Acked-by: Maarten Lankhorst <maarten.lankhorst@canonical.com>
Cc: stable@kernel.org # 3.4 - 3.6
Cc: Matthew Garrett <mjg@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Matt Fleming <matt.fleming@intel.com>
2012-10-25 19:09:40 +01:00
Yinghai Lu
1f2ff682ac x86, mm: Use memblock memory loop instead of e820_RAM
We need to handle E820_RAM and E820_RESERVED_KERNEL at the same time.

Also memblock has page aligned range for ram, so we could avoid mapping
partial pages.

Signed-off-by: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/CAE9FiQVZirvaBMFYRfXMmWEcHbKSicQEHz4VAwUv0xFCk51ZNw@mail.gmail.com
Acked-by: Jacob Shin <jacob.shin@amd.com>
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
2012-10-24 11:52:36 -07:00
H. Peter Anvin
4533d86270 Merge commit '5bc66170dc486556a1e36fd384463536573f4b82' into x86/urgent
From Borislav Petkov <bp@amd64.org>:

Below is a RAS fix which reverts the addition of a sysfs attribute
which we agreed is not needed, post-factum. And this should go in now
because that sysfs attribute is going to end up in 3.7 otherwise and
thus exposed to userspace; removing it then would be a lot harder.

This is done as a merge rather than a simple patch/cherry-pick since
the baseline for this patch was not in the previous x86/urgent.

Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>
2012-10-19 07:55:09 -07:00
Jacob Shin
1bbbbe779a x86: Exclude E820_RESERVED regions and memory holes above 4 GB from direct mapping.
On systems with very large memory (1 TB in our case), BIOS may report a
reserved region or a hole in the E820 map, even above the 4 GB range. Exclude
these from the direct mapping.

[ hpa: this should be done not just for > 4 GB but for everything above the legacy
  region (1 MB), at the very least.  That, however, turns out to require significant
  restructuring.  That work is well underway, but is not suitable for rc/stable. ]

Cc: stable@kernel.org   # > 2.6.32
Signed-off-by: Jacob Shin <jacob.shin@amd.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1319145326-13902-1-git-send-email-jacob.shin@amd.com
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>
2012-10-17 10:59:39 -07:00
Linus Torvalds
03d3602a83 Merge branch 'timers-core-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip
Pull timer core update from Thomas Gleixner:
 - Bug fixes (one for a longstanding dead loop issue)
 - Rework of time related vsyscalls
 - Alarm timer updates
 - Jiffies updates to remove compile time dependencies

* 'timers-core-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  timekeeping: Cast raw_interval to u64 to avoid shift overflow
  timers: Fix endless looping between cascade() and internal_add_timer()
  time/jiffies: bring back unconditional LATCH definition
  time: Convert x86_64 to using new update_vsyscall
  time: Only do nanosecond rounding on GENERIC_TIME_VSYSCALL_OLD systems
  time: Introduce new GENERIC_TIME_VSYSCALL
  time: Convert CONFIG_GENERIC_TIME_VSYSCALL to CONFIG_GENERIC_TIME_VSYSCALL_OLD
  time: Move update_vsyscall definitions to timekeeper_internal.h
  time: Move timekeeper structure to timekeeper_internal.h for vsyscall changes
  jiffies: Remove compile time assumptions about CLOCK_TICK_RATE
  jiffies: Kill unused TICK_USEC_TO_NSEC
  alarmtimer: Rename alarmtimer_remove to alarmtimer_dequeue
  alarmtimer: Remove unused helpers & defines
  alarmtimer: Use hrtimer per-alarm instead of per-base
  alarmtimer: Implement minimum alarm interval for allowing suspend
2012-10-12 22:17:48 +09:00
Linus Torvalds
ecefbd94b8 KVM updates for the 3.7 merge window
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Merge tag 'kvm-3.7-1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/virt/kvm/kvm

Pull KVM updates from Avi Kivity:
 "Highlights of the changes for this release include support for vfio
  level triggered interrupts, improved big real mode support on older
  Intels, a streamlines guest page table walker, guest APIC speedups,
  PIO optimizations, better overcommit handling, and read-only memory."

* tag 'kvm-3.7-1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/virt/kvm/kvm: (138 commits)
  KVM: s390: Fix vcpu_load handling in interrupt code
  KVM: x86: Fix guest debug across vcpu INIT reset
  KVM: Add resampling irqfds for level triggered interrupts
  KVM: optimize apic interrupt delivery
  KVM: MMU: Eliminate pointless temporary 'ac'
  KVM: MMU: Avoid access/dirty update loop if all is well
  KVM: MMU: Eliminate eperm temporary
  KVM: MMU: Optimize is_last_gpte()
  KVM: MMU: Simplify walk_addr_generic() loop
  KVM: MMU: Optimize pte permission checks
  KVM: MMU: Update accessed and dirty bits after guest pagetable walk
  KVM: MMU: Move gpte_access() out of paging_tmpl.h
  KVM: MMU: Optimize gpte_access() slightly
  KVM: MMU: Push clean gpte write protection out of gpte_access()
  KVM: clarify kvmclock documentation
  KVM: make processes waiting on vcpu mutex killable
  KVM: SVM: Make use of asm.h
  KVM: VMX: Make use of asm.h
  KVM: VMX: Make lto-friendly
  KVM: x86: lapic: Clean up find_highest_vector() and count_vectors()
  ...

Conflicts:
	arch/s390/include/asm/processor.h
	arch/x86/kvm/i8259.c
2012-10-04 09:30:33 -07:00
David Rientjes
3dfd823500 ACPI: Fix build when disabled
"ACPI: Store valid ACPI tables passed via early initrd in reserved
memblock areas" breaks the build if either CONFIG_ACPI or
CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD is disabled:

arch/x86/kernel/setup.c: In function 'setup_arch':
arch/x86/kernel/setup.c:944: error: implicit declaration of function 'acpi_initrd_override'

or

arch/x86/built-in.o: In function `setup_arch':
(.init.text+0x1397): undefined reference to `initrd_start'
arch/x86/built-in.o: In function `setup_arch':
(.init.text+0x139e): undefined reference to `initrd_end'

The dummy acpi_initrd_override() function in acpi.h isn't defined without
CONFIG_ACPI and initrd_{start,end} are declared but not defined without
CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD.

[ hpa: applying this as a fix, but this really should be done cleaner ]

Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/alpine.DEB.2.00.1210012032470.31644@chino.kir.corp.google.com
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Thomas Renninger <trenn@suse.de>
Cc: Len Brown <lenb@kernel.org>
2012-10-01 20:41:43 -07:00
Thomas Renninger
53aac44c90 ACPI: Store valid ACPI tables passed via early initrd in reserved memblock areas
A later patch will compare them with ACPI tables that get loaded at boot or
runtime and if criteria match, a stored one is loaded.

Signed-off-by: Thomas Renninger <trenn@suse.de>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1349043837-22659-4-git-send-email-trenn@suse.de
Cc: Len Brown <lenb@kernel.org>
Cc: Robert Moore <robert.moore@intel.com>
Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Cc: Eric Piel <eric.piel@tremplin-utc.net>
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>
2012-09-30 18:03:23 -07:00
John Stultz
b3c869d35b jiffies: Remove compile time assumptions about CLOCK_TICK_RATE
CLOCK_TICK_RATE is used to accurately caclulate exactly how
a tick will be at a given HZ.

This is useful, because while we'd expect NSEC_PER_SEC/HZ,
the underlying hardware will have some granularity limit,
so we won't be able to have exactly HZ ticks per second.

This slight error can cause timekeeping quality problems
when using the jiffies or other jiffies driven clocksources.
Thus we currently use compile time CLOCK_TICK_RATE value to
generate SHIFTED_HZ and NSEC_PER_JIFFIES, which we then use
to adjust the jiffies clocksource to correct this error.

Unfortunately though, since CLOCK_TICK_RATE is a compile
time value, and the jiffies clocksource is registered very
early during boot, there are a number of cases where there
are different possible hardware timers that have different
tick rates. This causes problems in cases like ARM where
there are numerous different types of hardware, each having
their own compile-time CLOCK_TICK_RATE, making it hard to
accurately support different hardware with a single kernel.

For the most part, this doesn't matter all that much, as not
too many systems actually utilize the jiffies or jiffies driven
clocksource. Usually there are other highres clocksources
who's granularity error is negligable.

Even so, we have some complicated calcualtions that we do
everywhere to handle these edge cases.

This patch removes the compile time SHIFTED_HZ value, and
introduces a register_refined_jiffies() function. This results
in the default jiffies clock as being assumed a perfect HZ
freq, and allows archtectures that care about jiffies accuracy
to call register_refined_jiffies() with the tick rate, specified
dynamically at boot.

This allows us, where necessary, to not have a compile time
CLOCK_TICK_RATE constant, simplifies the jiffies code, and
still provides a way to have an accurate jiffies clock.

NOTE: Since this patch does not add register_refinied_jiffies()
calls for every arch, it may cause time quality regressions
in some cases. Its likely these will not be noticable, but
if they are an issue, adding the following to the end of
setup_arch() should resolve the regression:
	register_refinied_jiffies(CLOCK_TICK_RATE)

Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Cc: Richard Cochran <richardcochran@gmail.com>
Cc: Prarit Bhargava <prarit@redhat.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: John Stultz <john.stultz@linaro.org>
2012-09-24 12:38:05 -04:00
Attilio Rao
c711288727 x86: xen: Cleanup and remove x86_init.paging.pagetable_setup_done()
At this stage x86_init.paging.pagetable_setup_done is only used in the
XEN case. Move its content in the x86_init.paging.pagetable_init setup
function and remove the now unused x86_init.paging.pagetable_setup_done
remaining infrastructure.

Signed-off-by: Attilio Rao <attilio.rao@citrix.com>
Acked-by: <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
Cc: <Ian.Campbell@citrix.com>
Cc: <Stefano.Stabellini@eu.citrix.com>
Cc: <xen-devel@lists.xensource.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1345580561-8506-5-git-send-email-attilio.rao@citrix.com
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
2012-09-12 15:33:06 +02:00
Attilio Rao
843b8ed2ec x86: Move paging_init() call to x86_init.paging.pagetable_init()
Move the paging_init() call to the platform specific pagetable_init()
function, so we can get rid of the extra pagetable_setup_done()
function pointer.

Signed-off-by: Attilio Rao <attilio.rao@citrix.com>
Acked-by: <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
Cc: <Ian.Campbell@citrix.com>
Cc: <Stefano.Stabellini@eu.citrix.com>
Cc: <xen-devel@lists.xensource.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1345580561-8506-4-git-send-email-attilio.rao@citrix.com
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
2012-09-12 15:33:06 +02:00
Attilio Rao
7737b215ad x86: Rename pagetable_setup_start() to pagetable_init()
In preparation for unifying the pagetable_setup_start() and
pagetable_setup_done() setup functions, rename appropriately all the
infrastructure related to pagetable_setup_start().

Signed-off-by: Attilio Rao <attilio.rao@citrix.com>
Ackedd-by: <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
Cc: <Ian.Campbell@citrix.com>
Cc: <Stefano.Stabellini@eu.citrix.com>
Cc: <xen-devel@lists.xensource.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1345580561-8506-3-git-send-email-attilio.rao@citrix.com
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
2012-09-12 15:33:06 +02:00
Attilio Rao
73090f8993 x86: Remove base argument from x86_init.paging.pagetable_setup_start
We either use swapper_pg_dir or the argument is unused. Preparatory
patch to simplify platform pagetable setup further.

Signed-off-by: Attilio Rao <attilio.rao@citrix.com>
Ackedb-by: <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
Cc: <Ian.Campbell@citrix.com>
Cc: <Stefano.Stabellini@eu.citrix.com>
Cc: <xen-devel@lists.xensource.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1345580561-8506-2-git-send-email-attilio.rao@citrix.com
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
2012-09-12 15:33:06 +02:00
Marcelo Tosatti
90993cdd18 x86: KVM guest: merge CONFIG_KVM_CLOCK into CONFIG_KVM_GUEST
The distinction between CONFIG_KVM_CLOCK and CONFIG_KVM_GUEST is
not so clear anymore, as demonstrated by recent bugs caused by poor
handling of on/off combinations of these options.

Merge CONFIG_KVM_CLOCK into CONFIG_KVM_GUEST.

Reported-By: OGAWA Hirofumi <hirofumi@mail.parknet.co.jp>
Signed-off-by: Marcelo Tosatti <mtosatti@redhat.com>
2012-08-23 04:57:54 -03:00
Ingo Molnar
879060d574 Merge branch 'x86/cleanups' into x86/apic
Merge in the cleanups because a followup x86/apic change relies on them.

Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
2012-06-15 14:17:01 +02:00
Linus Torvalds
731a7378b8 Merge branch 'x86-trampoline-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip
Pull x86 trampoline rework from H. Peter Anvin:
 "This code reworks all the "trampoline"/"realmode" code (various bits
  that need to live in the first megabyte of memory, most but not all of
  which runs in real mode at some point) in the kernel into a single
  object.  The main reason for doing this is that it eliminates the last
  place in the kernel where we needed pages to be mapped RWX.  This code
  separates all that code into proper R/RW/RX pages."

Fix up conflicts in arch/x86/kernel/Makefile (mca removed next to reboot
code), and arch/x86/kernel/reboot.c (reboot code moved around in one
branch, modified in this one), and arch/x86/tools/relocs.c (mostly same
code came in earlier due to working around the ld bugs just before the
3.4 release).

Also remove stale x86-relocs entry from scripts/.gitignore as per Peter
Anvin.

* commit '61f5446169046c217a5479517edac3a890c3bee7': (36 commits)
  x86, realmode: Move end signature into header.S
  x86, relocs: When printing an error, say relative or absolute
  x86, relocs: More relocations which may end up as absolute
  x86, relocs: Workaround for binutils 2.22.52.0.1 section bug
  xen-acpi-processor: Add missing #include <xen/xen.h>
  acpi, bgrd: Add missing <linux/io.h> to drivers/acpi/bgrt.c
  x86, realmode: Change EFER to a single u64 field
  x86, realmode: Move kernel/realmode.c to realmode/init.c
  x86, realmode: Move not-common bits out of trampoline_common.S
  x86, realmode: Mask out EFER.LMA when saving trampoline EFER
  x86, realmode: Fix no cache bits test in reboot_32.S
  x86, realmode: Make sure all generated files are listed in targets
  x86, realmode: build fix: remove duplicate build
  x86, realmode: read cr4 and EFER from kernel for 64-bit trampoline
  x86, realmode: fixes compilation issue in tboot.c
  x86, realmode: move relocs from scripts/ to arch/x86/tools
  x86, realmode: header for trampoline code
  x86, realmode: flattened rm hierachy
  x86, realmode: don't copy real_mode_header
  x86, realmode: fix 64-bit wakeup sequence
  ...
2012-05-29 20:14:53 -07:00
Bjorn Helgaas
365811d6f9 x86: print physical addresses consistently with other parts of kernel
Print physical address info in a style consistent with the %pR style used
elsewhere in the kernel.  For example:

    -found SMP MP-table at [ffff8800000fce90] fce90
    +found SMP MP-table at [mem 0x000fce90-0x000fce9f] mapped at [ffff8800000fce90]
    -initial memory mapped : 0 - 20000000
    +initial memory mapped: [mem 0x00000000-0x1fffffff]
    -Base memory trampoline at [ffff88000009c000] 9c000 size 8192
    +Base memory trampoline [mem 0x0009c000-0x0009dfff] mapped at [ffff88000009c000]
    -SRAT: Node 0 PXM 0 0-80000000
    +SRAT: Node 0 PXM 0 [mem 0x00000000-0x7fffffff]

Signed-off-by: Bjorn Helgaas <bhelgaas@google.com>
Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Cc: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2012-05-29 16:22:21 -07:00
Linus Torvalds
d484864dd9 Merge branch 'for-linus' of git://git.linaro.org/people/mszyprowski/linux-dma-mapping
Pull CMA and ARM DMA-mapping updates from Marek Szyprowski:
 "These patches contain two major updates for DMA mapping subsystem
  (mainly for ARM architecture).  First one is Contiguous Memory
  Allocator (CMA) which makes it possible for device drivers to allocate
  big contiguous chunks of memory after the system has booted.

  The main difference from the similar frameworks is the fact that CMA
  allows to transparently reuse the memory region reserved for the big
  chunk allocation as a system memory, so no memory is wasted when no
  big chunk is allocated.  Once the alloc request is issued, the
  framework migrates system pages to create space for the required big
  chunk of physically contiguous memory.

  For more information one can refer to nice LWN articles:

   - 'A reworked contiguous memory allocator':
		http://lwn.net/Articles/447405/

   - 'CMA and ARM':
		http://lwn.net/Articles/450286/

   - 'A deep dive into CMA':
		http://lwn.net/Articles/486301/

   - and the following thread with the patches and links to all previous
     versions:
		https://lkml.org/lkml/2012/4/3/204

  The main client for this new framework is ARM DMA-mapping subsystem.

  The second part provides a complete redesign in ARM DMA-mapping
  subsystem.  The core implementation has been changed to use common
  struct dma_map_ops based infrastructure with the recent updates for
  new dma attributes merged in v3.4-rc2.  This allows to use more than
  one implementation of dma-mapping calls and change/select them on the
  struct device basis.  The first client of this new infractructure is
  dmabounce implementation which has been completely cut out of the
  core, common code.

  The last patch of this redesign update introduces a new, experimental
  implementation of dma-mapping calls on top of generic IOMMU framework.
  This lets ARM sub-platform to transparently use IOMMU for DMA-mapping
  calls if one provides required IOMMU hardware.

  For more information please refer to the following thread:
		http://www.spinics.net/lists/arm-kernel/msg175729.html

  The last patch merges changes from both updates and provides a
  resolution for the conflicts which cannot be avoided when patches have
  been applied on the same files (mainly arch/arm/mm/dma-mapping.c)."

Acked by Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>:
 "Yup, this one please.  It's had much work, plenty of review and I
  think even Russell is happy with it."

* 'for-linus' of git://git.linaro.org/people/mszyprowski/linux-dma-mapping: (28 commits)
  ARM: dma-mapping: use PMD size for section unmap
  cma: fix migration mode
  ARM: integrate CMA with DMA-mapping subsystem
  X86: integrate CMA with DMA-mapping subsystem
  drivers: add Contiguous Memory Allocator
  mm: trigger page reclaim in alloc_contig_range() to stabilise watermarks
  mm: extract reclaim code from __alloc_pages_direct_reclaim()
  mm: Serialize access to min_free_kbytes
  mm: page_isolation: MIGRATE_CMA isolation functions added
  mm: mmzone: MIGRATE_CMA migration type added
  mm: page_alloc: change fallbacks array handling
  mm: page_alloc: introduce alloc_contig_range()
  mm: compaction: export some of the functions
  mm: compaction: introduce isolate_freepages_range()
  mm: compaction: introduce map_pages()
  mm: compaction: introduce isolate_migratepages_range()
  mm: page_alloc: remove trailing whitespace
  ARM: dma-mapping: add support for IOMMU mapper
  ARM: dma-mapping: use alloc, mmap, free from dma_ops
  ARM: dma-mapping: remove redundant code and do the cleanup
  ...

Conflicts:
	arch/x86/include/asm/dma-mapping.h
2012-05-25 09:18:59 -07:00
Feng Tang
151766fce8 Revert "x86/platform: Add a wallclock_init func to x86_platforms ops"
This reverts commit cf8ff6b6ab0e99dd3058852f4ec76a6140abadec.

Just found this commit is a function duplicatation of commit 6b617e22
"x86/platform: Add a wallclock_init func to x86_init.timers ops".
Let's revert it and sorry for the noise.

Signed-off-by: Feng Tang <feng.tang@intel.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Jacob Pan <jacob.jun.pan@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Alan Cox <alan@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Dirk Brandewie <dirk.brandewie@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
2012-05-24 23:16:14 +02:00
Linus Torvalds
d5b4bb4d10 Merge branch 'delete-mca' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/paulg/linux
Pull the MCA deletion branch from Paul Gortmaker:
 "It was good that we could support MCA machines back in the day, but
  realistically, nobody is using them anymore.  They were mostly limited
  to 386-sx 16MHz CPU and some 486 class machines and never more than
  64MB of RAM.  Even the enthusiast hobbyist community seems to have
  dried up close to ten years ago, based on what you can find searching
  various websites dedicated to the relatively short lived hardware.

  So lets remove the support relating to CONFIG_MCA.  There is no point
  carrying this forward, wasting cycles doing routine maintenance on it;
  wasting allyesconfig build time on validating it, wasting I/O on git
  grep'ping over it, and so on."

Let's see if anybody screams.  It generally has compiled, and James
Bottomley pointed out that there was a MCA extension from NCR that
allowed for up to 4GB of memory and PPro-class machines.  So in *theory*
there may be users out there.

But even James (technically listed as a maintainer) doesn't actually
have a system, and while Alan Cox claims to have a machine in his cellar
that he offered to anybody who wants to take it off his hands, he didn't
argue for keeping MCA support either.

So we could bring it back.  But somebody had better speak up and talk
about how they have actually been using said MCA hardware with modern
kernels for us to do that.  And David already took the patch to delete
all the networking driver code (commit a5e371f61ad3: "drivers/net:
delete all code/drivers depending on CONFIG_MCA").

* 'delete-mca' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/paulg/linux:
  MCA: delete all remaining traces of microchannel bus support.
  scsi: delete the MCA specific drivers and driver code
  serial: delete the MCA specific 8250 support.
  arm: remove ability to select CONFIG_MCA
2012-05-23 17:12:06 -07:00
Linus Torvalds
19bec32d7f Merge branches 'x86-asm-for-linus', 'x86-cleanups-for-linus', 'x86-cpu-for-linus', 'x86-debug-for-linus' and 'x86-microcode-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip
Pull initial trivial x86 stuff from Ingo Molnar.

Various random cleanups and trivial fixes.

* 'x86-asm-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  x86-64: Eliminate dead ia32 syscall handlers

* 'x86-cleanups-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  x86/pci-calgary_64.c: Remove obsoleted simple_strtoul() usage
  x86: Don't continue booting if we can't load the specified initrd
  x86: kernel/dumpstack.c simple_strtoul cleanup
  x86: kernel/check.c simple_strtoul cleanup
  debug: Add CONFIG_READABLE_ASM
  x86: spinlock.h: Remove REG_PTR_MODE

* 'x86-cpu-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  x86/cache_info: Fix setup of l2/l3 ids

* 'x86-debug-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  x86: Avoid double stack traces with show_regs()

* 'x86-microcode-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  x86, microcode: microcode_core.c simple_strtoul cleanup
2012-05-23 10:09:50 -07:00
Marek Szyprowski
0a2b9a6ea9 X86: integrate CMA with DMA-mapping subsystem
This patch adds support for CMA to dma-mapping subsystem for x86
architecture that uses common pci-dma/pci-nommu implementation. This
allows to test CMA on KVM/QEMU and a lot of common x86 boxes.

Signed-off-by: Marek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Kyungmin Park <kyungmin.park@samsung.com>
CC: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Acked-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
2012-05-21 15:09:38 +02:00
Paul Gortmaker
bb8187d35f MCA: delete all remaining traces of microchannel bus support.
Hardware with MCA bus is limited to 386 and 486 class machines
that are now 20+ years old and typically with less than 32MB
of memory.  A quick search on the internet, and you see that
even the MCA hobbyist/enthusiast community has lost interest
in the early 2000 era and never really even moved ahead from
the 2.4 kernels to the 2.6 series.

This deletes anything remaining related to CONFIG_MCA from core
kernel code and from the x86 architecture.  There is no point in
carrying this any further into the future.

One complication to watch for is inadvertently scooping up
stuff relating to machine check, since there is overlap in
the TLA name space (e.g. arch/x86/boot/mca.c).

Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: James Bottomley <JBottomley@Parallels.com>
Cc: x86@kernel.org
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Acked-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
2012-05-17 19:06:13 -04:00
Peter Jones
ab7b64e9ee x86: Don't continue booting if we can't load the specified initrd
If we've determined we can't do what the user asked, trying to do
something else isn't going to make the user's life better.

Without this the screen scrolls a bit and then you get a panic
anyway, and it's nice not to have so much scroll after the real
problem in bug reports.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1337190206-12121-1-git-send-email-pjones@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>
2012-05-16 13:59:52 -07:00
Jarkko Sakkinen
cda846f101 x86, realmode: read cr4 and EFER from kernel for 64-bit trampoline
This patch changes 64-bit trampoline so that CR4 and
EFER are provided by the kernel instead of using fixed
values.

Signed-off-by: Jarkko Sakkinen <jarkko.sakkinen@intel.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1336501366-28617-24-git-send-email-jarkko.sakkinen@intel.com
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>
2012-05-08 15:04:27 -07:00
Jarkko Sakkinen
c9b77ccb52 x86, realmode: Move ACPI wakeup to unified realmode code
Migrated ACPI wakeup code to the real-mode blob.
Code existing in .x86_trampoline  can be completely
removed. Static descriptor table in wakeup_asm.S is
courtesy of H. Peter Anvin.

Signed-off-by: Jarkko Sakkinen <jarkko.sakkinen@intel.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1336501366-28617-7-git-send-email-jarkko.sakkinen@intel.com
Cc: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
Cc: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>
2012-05-08 11:46:05 -07:00
Jarkko Sakkinen
084ee1c641 x86, realmode: Relocator for realmode code
Implements relocator for real mode code that is called
as part of setup_arch(). Processes segment relocations
and linear relocations. Real-mode code is relocated to
a free hole below 1 MB.

Signed-off-by: Jarkko Sakkinen <jarkko.sakkinen@intel.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1336501366-28617-4-git-send-email-jarkko.sakkinen@intel.com
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>
2012-05-08 11:41:49 -07:00
Ingo Molnar
9438ef7f4e x86/apic: Fix UP boot crash
Commit 31b3c9d72340 ("xen/x86: Implement x86_apic_ops") implemented
this:

... without considering that on UP the function pointer might be NULL.

Cc: Suresh Siddha <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com>
Cc: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/n/tip-3pfty0ml4yp62phbkchichh0@git.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
2012-05-07 19:19:56 +02:00
Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk
4a8e2a3115 x86/apic: Replace io_apic_ops with x86_io_apic_ops.
Which makes the code fit within the rest of the x86_ops functions.

Acked-by: Suresh Siddha <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com>
[v1: Changed x86_apic -> x86_ioapic per Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org> suggestion]
[v2: Rebased on tip/x86/urgent and redid to match Ingo's syntax style]
Signed-off-by: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
2012-05-01 14:50:09 -04:00
Linus Torvalds
532bfc851a Merge branch 'akpm' (Andrew's patch-bomb)
Merge third batch of patches from Andrew Morton:
 - Some MM stragglers
 - core SMP library cleanups (on_each_cpu_mask)
 - Some IPI optimisations
 - kexec
 - kdump
 - IPMI
 - the radix-tree iterator work
 - various other misc bits.

 "That'll do for -rc1.  I still have ~10 patches for 3.4, will send
  those along when they've baked a little more."

* emailed from Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>: (35 commits)
  backlight: fix typo in tosa_lcd.c
  crc32: add help text for the algorithm select option
  mm: move hugepage test examples to tools/testing/selftests/vm
  mm: move slabinfo.c to tools/vm
  mm: move page-types.c from Documentation to tools/vm
  selftests/Makefile: make `run_tests' depend on `all'
  selftests: launch individual selftests from the main Makefile
  radix-tree: use iterators in find_get_pages* functions
  radix-tree: rewrite gang lookup using iterator
  radix-tree: introduce bit-optimized iterator
  fs/proc/namespaces.c: prevent crash when ns_entries[] is empty
  nbd: rename the nbd_device variable from lo to nbd
  pidns: add reboot_pid_ns() to handle the reboot syscall
  sysctl: use bitmap library functions
  ipmi: use locks on watchdog timeout set on reboot
  ipmi: simplify locking
  ipmi: fix message handling during panics
  ipmi: use a tasklet for handling received messages
  ipmi: increase KCS timeouts
  ipmi: decrease the IPMI message transaction time in interrupt mode
  ...
2012-03-28 17:19:28 -07:00