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Remove "ngpios" bindings definition as it is no more used in stm32 pinctrl
driver.
Signed-off-by: Alexandre TORGUE <alexandre.torgue@st.com>
Acked-by: Rob Herring <robh@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Walleij <linus.walleij@linaro.org>
Document the device tree binding for the pin controllers found on the
Armada 37xx SoCs.
Update the binding documention of the xtal clk which is a subnode of this
syscon node.
Signed-off-by: Gregory CLEMENT <gregory.clement@free-electrons.com>
Acked-by: Rob Herring <robh@kernel.org>
[Fixed gpios node]
Signed-off-by: Linus Walleij <linus.walleij@linaro.org>
Armada 370/XP devices can 'blink' GPIO lines with a configurable on
and off period. This can be modelled as a PWM.
However, there are only two sets of PWM configuration registers for
all the GPIO lines. This driver simply allows a single GPIO line per
GPIO chip of 32 lines to be used as a PWM. Attempts to use more return
EBUSY.
Due to the interleaving of registers it is not simple to separate the
PWM driver from the GPIO driver. Thus the GPIO driver has been
extended with a PWM driver.
Signed-off-by: Andrew Lunn <andrew@lunn.ch>
URL: https://patchwork.ozlabs.org/patch/427287/
URL: https://patchwork.ozlabs.org/patch/427295/
[Ralph Sennhauser:
* Port forward
* Merge PWM portion into gpio-mvebu.c
* Switch to atomic PWM API
* Add new compatible string marvell,armada-370-xp-gpio
* Update and merge documentation patch
* Update MAINTAINERS]
Signed-off-by: Ralph Sennhauser <ralph.sennhauser@gmail.com>
Tested-by: Andrew Lunn <andrew@lunn.ch>
Acked-by: Thierry Reding <thierry.reding@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Rob Herring <robh@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Walleij <linus.walleij@linaro.org>
Allow kprobes to be placed on ftrace _mcount() call sites. This optimization
avoids the use of a trap, by riding on ftrace infrastructure.
This depends on HAVE_DYNAMIC_FTRACE_WITH_REGS which depends on MPROFILE_KERNEL,
which is only currently enabled on powerpc64le with newer toolchains.
Based on the x86 code by Masami.
Signed-off-by: Naveen N. Rao <naveen.n.rao@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
update the list and remove 'in the future' statement,
since all still alive 64-bit architectures now do eBPF JIT.
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Both conflict were simple overlapping changes.
In the kaweth case, Eric Dumazet's skb_cow() bug fix overlapped the
conversion of the driver in net-next to use in-netdev stats.
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
This is the NFC pull request for 4.12. We have:
- Improvements for the pn533 command queue handling and device
registration order.
- Removal of platform data for the pn544 and st21nfca drivers.
- Additional device tree options to support more trf7970a hardware options.
- Support for Sony's RC-S380P through the port100 driver.
- Removal of the obsolte nfcwilink driver.
- Headers inclusion cleanups (miscdevice.h, unaligned.h) for many drivers.
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Merge tag 'nfc-next-4.12-1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/sameo/nfc-next
Samuel Ortiz says:
====================
NFC 4.12 pull request
This is the NFC pull request for 4.12. We have:
- Improvements for the pn533 command queue handling and device
registration order.
- Removal of platform data for the pn544 and st21nfca drivers.
- Additional device tree options to support more trf7970a hardware options.
- Support for Sony's RC-S380P through the port100 driver.
- Removal of the obsolte nfcwilink driver.
- Headers inclusion cleanups (miscdevice.h, unaligned.h) for many drivers.
====================
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
This patch adds DT binding documentation for Odroid XU3/4
sound subsystem.
Signed-off-by: Sylwester Nawrocki <s.nawrocki@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org>
Constants used for tuning are generally a bad idea, especially as hardware
changes over time. Replace the constant 2 jiffies with sysctl variable
netdev_budget_usecs to enable sysadmins to tune the softirq processing.
Also document the variable.
For example, a very fast machine might tune this to 1000 microseconds,
while my regression testing 486DX-25 needs it to be 4000 microseconds on
a nearly idle network to prevent time_squeeze from being incremented.
Version 2: changed jiffies to microseconds for predictable units.
Signed-off-by: Matthew Whitehead <tedheadster@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
On the chip the IMON signal is a full 24-bits however normally only
some of the bits will be sent over the bus. The chip provides a field
to select which bits of the IMON will be sent back, this is the only
feedback signal that has this feature.
Add an additional entry to the cirrus,imon device tree property to
allow the IMON scale parameter to be passed.
Signed-off-by: Charles Keepax <ckeepax@opensource.wolfsonmicro.com>
Acked-by: Brian Austin <brian.austin@cirrus.com>
Acked-by: Rob Herring <robh@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org>
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Merge tag 'pci-v4.11-fixes-5' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/helgaas/pci
Pull PCI fix from Bjorn Helgaas:
"Sorry this is so late. It's been in -next for over a week, but I
forgot to send it on until now.
A single fix to the DT binding of the HiSilicon PCIe host support"
* tag 'pci-v4.11-fixes-5' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/helgaas/pci:
PCI: hisi: Fix DT binding (hisi-pcie-almost-ecam)
We actually can't allow the missing of the regualor name, thus update
the binding doc to make regulator-name property to be required.
Acked-by: Rob Herring <robh@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Dong Aisheng <aisheng.dong@nxp.com>
Signed-off-by: Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org>
Allow setting AUS mode for a display from the device tree. Use an
optional boolean property. AUS mode can be set only on imx21 and
compatible chipsets.
Signed-off-by: Martin Kaiser <martin@kaiser.cx>
Acked-by: Rob Herring <robh@kernel.org>
Cc: Sascha Hauer <kernel@pengutronix.de>
Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Bartlomiej Zolnierkiewicz <b.zolnierkie@samsung.com>
Document the devicetree bindings for Mediatek random number
generator which could be found on MT7623 SoC or other similar
Mediatek SoCs.
Signed-off-by: Sean Wang <sean.wang@mediatek.com>
Acked-by: Rob Herring <robh@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
Guests that are heavy on futexes end up IPI'ing each other a lot. That
can lead to significant slowdowns and latency increase for those guests
when running within KVM.
If only a single guest is needed on a host, we have a lot of spare host
CPU time we can throw at the problem. Modern CPUs implement a feature
called "MWAIT" which allows guests to wake up sleeping remote CPUs without
an IPI - thus without an exit - at the expense of never going out of guest
context.
The decision whether this is something sensible to use should be up to the
VM admin, so to user space. We can however allow MWAIT execution on systems
that support it properly hardware wise.
This patch adds a CAP to user space and a KVM cpuid leaf to indicate
availability of native MWAIT execution. With that enabled, the worst a
guest can do is waste as many cycles as a "jmp ." would do, so it's not
a privilege problem.
We consciously do *not* expose the feature in our CPUID bitmap, as most
people will want to benefit from sleeping vCPUs to allow for over commit.
Reported-by: "Gabriel L. Somlo" <gsomlo@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com>
[agraf: fix amd, change commit message]
Signed-off-by: Alexander Graf <agraf@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Documentation/DocBook/Makefile hard codes the prefixed path to which you
can install the built man pages (/usr/local prefix). That's unfortunate
since the user may want to install to another prefix or location (for
example, a distribution packaging the man pages may want to install to a
random temporary location in the build process).
Be flexible and allow the prefixed path to which we install man pages to be
changed with the INSTALL_MAN_PATH environment variable (and use the same
default as other similar variables like INSTALL_HDR_PATH).
Signed-off-by: Herton R. Krzesinski <herton@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Commit feb6cd6a0f9f ("thermal/intel_powerclamp: stop sched tick in forced
idle") changed how idle injection accouting, so we need to update
the documentation accordingly.
This patch also expands more details on the behavior of cur_state.
Signed-off-by: Jacob Pan <jacob.jun.pan@linux.intel.com>
Reported-by: Wang, Xiaolong <xiaolong.wang@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
The /proc/bus/usb/devices got moved to sysfs. It is now
sitting at:
/sys/kernel/debug/usb/devices
Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@s-opensource.com>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
The contents of proc_usb_info.txt complements what's there at
driver-api usb book. Yet, it is outdated, as it still refers
to the USB character devices as usbfs.
So, move the contents to usb.rst, adjusting it to point to
the right places.
Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@s-opensource.com>
Acked-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
The philips.txt file were at the wrong place: it should be,
instead, at Documentation/media.
Move and convert it.
Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@s-opensource.com>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
There's no usbfs anymore. The old features are now either
exported to /dev/bus/usb or via debugfs.
Update documentation accordingly, pointing to the new
places where the character devices and usb/devices are
now placed.
Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@s-opensource.com>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Commit 42d5ec954719 ("fpga: add config complete timeout") introduced the
config complete property but didn't include the corresponding DT binding
documentation. Add it now.
Signed-off-by: Tobias Klauser <tklauser@distanz.ch>
Reviewed-by: Moritz Fischer <mdf@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Rob Herring <robh@kernel.org>
the path in the example cmd is out of date, and the path for now
is also mentioned in the same file
Signed-off-by: Perr Zhang <strongbox8@zoho.com>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
In Documentation/process/4.Coding.rst there were a couple of paragraphs
that spilled over the 80 character line length. This was likely caused
when the document was converted to reStructuredText. Re-flow the
paragraphs and make the document references proper reStructuredText
:ref: links.
This also adds the appropriate reStructuredText file heading to
kernel-parameters.rst as referenced by the kernel-parameters link in
this patch.
Signed-off-by: Andrew Clayton <andrew@digital-domain.net>
Reviewed-by: Jani Nikula <jani.nikula@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
The objlayout code has been in the tree, but it's been unmaintained and
no server product for it actually ever shipped.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <trond.myklebust@primarydata.com>
The hardware has a LPI interrupt.
There is already code in the stmmac driver to parse and handle the
interrupt. However, this information was missing from the DT binding.
At the same time, improve the description of the existing interrupts.
Signed-off-by: Niklas Cassel <niklas.cassel@axis.com>
Acked-By: Joao Pinto <jpinto@synopsys.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
* connection quality monitoring with multiple thresholds
* support for FILS shared key authentication offload
* pre-CAC regulatory compliance - only ETSI allows this
* sanity check for some rate confusion that hit ChromeOS
(but nobody else uses it, evidently)
* some documentation updates
* lots of cleanups
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Merge tag 'mac80211-next-for-davem-2017-04-18' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jberg/mac80211-next
Johannes Berg says:
====================
My last pull request has been a while, we now have:
* connection quality monitoring with multiple thresholds
* support for FILS shared key authentication offload
* pre-CAC regulatory compliance - only ETSI allows this
* sanity check for some rate confusion that hit ChromeOS
(but nobody else uses it, evidently)
* some documentation updates
* lots of cleanups
====================
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
When the LAN9303 device is in MDIO manged mode, all register accesses must
be done via MDIO.
Please note: this code is compile time tested only due to the absence of such
configured hardware. It is based on a patch from Stefan Roese from 2014.
Signed-off-by: Juergen Borleis <jbe@pengutronix.de>
CC: devicetree@vger.kernel.org
CC: robh+dt@kernel.org
CC: mark.rutland@arm.com
CC: sr@denx.de
Acked-by: Rob Herring <robh@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
In this mode the switch device and the internal phys will be managed via
I2C interface. The MDIO interface is still supported, but for the
(emulated) CPU port only.
Signed-off-by: Juergen Borleis <jbe@pengutronix.de>
CC: devicetree@vger.kernel.org
CC: robh+dt@kernel.org
CC: mark.rutland@arm.com
Acked-by: Rob Herring <robh@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Add a simple binding document describing the supported devices and the
I2C bus address.
Signed-off-by: Martin Kepplinger <martin.kepplinger@ginzinger.com>
Acked-by: Rob Herring <robh@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Dmitry Torokhov <dmitry.torokhov@gmail.com>
Compiling the DT file with W=1, DTC warns like follows:
Warning (unit_address_vs_reg): Node /opp_table0/opp@1000000000 has a
unit name, but no reg property
Fix this by replacing '@' with '-' as the OPP nodes will never have a
"reg" property.
Reported-by: Krzysztof Kozlowski <krzk@kernel.org>
Reported-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Suggested-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Viresh Kumar <viresh.kumar@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Chanwoo Choi <cw00.choi@samsung.com>
Reviewed-by: Krzysztof Kozlowski <krzk@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Rob Herring <robh@kernel.org>
[k.kozlowski: Split patch per ARM and ARM64]
Signed-off-by: Krzysztof Kozlowski <krzk@kernel.org>
Sometimes it is not desirable to bind SR-IOV VFs to drivers. This can save
host side resource usage by VF instances that will be assigned to VMs.
Add a new PCI sysfs interface "sriov_drivers_autoprobe" to control that
from the PF. To modify it, echo 0/n/N (disable probe) or 1/y/Y (enable
probe) to:
/sys/bus/pci/devices/<DOMAIN:BUS:DEVICE.FUNCTION>/sriov_drivers_autoprobe
Note that this must be done before enabling VFs. The change will not take
effect if VFs are already enabled. Simply, one can disable VFs by setting
sriov_numvfs to 0, choose whether to probe or not, and then re-enable the
VFs by restoring sriov_numvfs.
[bhelgaas: changelog, ABI doc]
Signed-off-by: Bodong Wang <bodong@mellanox.com>
Signed-off-by: Eli Cohen <eli@mellanox.com>
Signed-off-by: Bjorn Helgaas <bhelgaas@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Gavin Shan <gwshan@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com>
Starting to leave behind the legacy of the pci_mmap_page_range() interface
which takes "user-visible" BAR addresses. This takes just the resource and
offset.
For now, both APIs coexist and depending on the platform, one is
implemented as a wrapper around the other.
Signed-off-by: David Woodhouse <dwmw@amazon.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: Bjorn Helgaas <bhelgaas@google.com>
This allows the host kernel to handle H_PUT_TCE, H_PUT_TCE_INDIRECT
and H_STUFF_TCE requests targeted an IOMMU TCE table used for VFIO
without passing them to user space which saves time on switching
to user space and back.
This adds H_PUT_TCE/H_PUT_TCE_INDIRECT/H_STUFF_TCE handlers to KVM.
KVM tries to handle a TCE request in the real mode, if failed
it passes the request to the virtual mode to complete the operation.
If it a virtual mode handler fails, the request is passed to
the user space; this is not expected to happen though.
To avoid dealing with page use counters (which is tricky in real mode),
this only accelerates SPAPR TCE IOMMU v2 clients which are required
to pre-register the userspace memory. The very first TCE request will
be handled in the VFIO SPAPR TCE driver anyway as the userspace view
of the TCE table (iommu_table::it_userspace) is not allocated till
the very first mapping happens and we cannot call vmalloc in real mode.
If we fail to update a hardware IOMMU table unexpected reason, we just
clear it and move on as there is nothing really we can do about it -
for example, if we hot plug a VFIO device to a guest, existing TCE tables
will be mirrored automatically to the hardware and there is no interface
to report to the guest about possible failures.
This adds new attribute - KVM_DEV_VFIO_GROUP_SET_SPAPR_TCE - to
the VFIO KVM device. It takes a VFIO group fd and SPAPR TCE table fd
and associates a physical IOMMU table with the SPAPR TCE table (which
is a guest view of the hardware IOMMU table). The iommu_table object
is cached and referenced so we do not have to look up for it in real mode.
This does not implement the UNSET counterpart as there is no use for it -
once the acceleration is enabled, the existing userspace won't
disable it unless a VFIO container is destroyed; this adds necessary
cleanup to the KVM_DEV_VFIO_GROUP_DEL handler.
This advertises the new KVM_CAP_SPAPR_TCE_VFIO capability to the user
space.
This adds real mode version of WARN_ON_ONCE() as the generic version
causes problems with rcu_sched. Since we testing what vmalloc_to_phys()
returns in the code, this also adds a check for already existing
vmalloc_to_phys() call in kvmppc_rm_h_put_tce_indirect().
This finally makes use of vfio_external_user_iommu_id() which was
introduced quite some time ago and was considered for removal.
Tests show that this patch increases transmission speed from 220MB/s
to 750..1020MB/s on 10Gb network (Chelsea CXGB3 10Gb ethernet card).
Signed-off-by: Alexey Kardashevskiy <aik@ozlabs.ru>
Acked-by: Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@ozlabs.org>
Document the fact that the autosuspend delay and enable helpers may
change the power.usage_count and resume or suspend a device depending on
the values of power.autosuspend_delay and power.use_autosuspend.
Note that this means that a driver must disable autosuspend before
disabling runtime pm on probe errors and on driver unbind if the device
is to be suspended upon return (as a negative delay may otherwise keep
the device resumed).
Signed-off-by: Johan Hovold <johan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Tony Lindgren <tony@atomide.com>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
Update the autosuspend documentation which claimed that the autosuspend
delay is not taken into account when using the non-autosuspend helper
functions, something which is no longer true since commit d66e6db28df3
("PM / Runtime: Respect autosuspend when idle triggers suspend").
This specifically means that drivers must now disable autosuspend before
disabling runtime pm in probe error paths and remove callbacks if
pm_runtime_put_sync was being used to suspend the device before
returning. (If an idle callback can prevent suspend,
pm_runtime_put_sync_suspend must be used instead of pm_runtime_put_sync
as before.)
Also remove the claim that the autosuspend helpers behave "just like
the non-autosuspend counterparts", something which have never really
been true as some of the latter use idle notifications.
Signed-off-by: Johan Hovold <johan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Tony Lindgren <tony@atomide.com>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
This patch extends the device tree support for the pca9532 by adding
the leds 'default-state' property.
Signed-off-by: Felix Brack <fb@ltec.ch>
Signed-off-by: Jacek Anaszewski <jacek.anaszewski@gmail.com>
This patch adds the binding documentation for apmixedsys, imgsys,
infracfg, mmsys, topckgen, vdecsys and vencsys for MT6797.
Signed-off-by: Kevin-CW Chen <kevin-cw.chen@mediatek.com>
Signed-off-by: Mars Cheng <mars.cheng@mediatek.com>
Acked-by: Rob Herring <robh@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Stephen Boyd <sboyd@codeaurora.org>
IDT VersaClock 5 5P49V5935 has 4 clock outputs, 4 fractional dividers.
Input clock source can be taken from either integrated crystal or from
external reference clock.
Signed-off-by: Alexey Firago <alexey_firago@mentor.com>
Acked-by: Rob Herring <robh@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Stephen Boyd <sboyd@codeaurora.org>
Support for the new H5 SoC and the PRCM block found in a number of SoCs as
well, plus the usual chunk of fixes and minor enhancements.
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Merge tag 'sunxi-clk-for-4.12' of https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/sunxi/linux into clk-next
Pull Allwinner clock patches for 4.12 from Maxime Ripard:
Support for the new H5 SoC and the PRCM block found in a number of SoCs as
well, plus the usual chunk of fixes and minor enhancements.
* tag 'sunxi-clk-for-4.12' of https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/sunxi/linux:
clk: sunxi-ng: Display index when clock registration fails
clk: sunxi-ng: a33: Add offset and minimum value for DDR1 PLL N factor
clk: sunxi-ng: a80: Remodel CPU cluster PLLs as N-type multiplier clocks
clk: sunxi-ng: mult: Support PLL lock detection
clk: sunxi-ng: add support for PRCM CCUs
dt-bindings: update device tree binding for Allwinner PRCM CCUs
clk: sunxi-ng: sun5i: Fix mux width for csi clock
clk: sunxi-ng: tighten SoC deps on explicit AllWinner SoCs
clk: sunxi-ng: add Allwinner H5 CCU support for H3 CCU driver
clk: sunxi-ng: gate: Support common pre-dividers
This patch introduces a simple heuristic to load applications quickly,
and to perform the I/O requested by interactive applications just as
quickly. To this purpose, both a newly-created queue and a queue
associated with an interactive application (we explain in a moment how
BFQ decides whether the associated application is interactive),
receive the following two special treatments:
1) The weight of the queue is raised.
2) The queue unconditionally enjoys device idling when it empties; in
fact, if the requests of a queue are sync, then performing device
idling for the queue is a necessary condition to guarantee that the
queue receives a fraction of the throughput proportional to its weight
(see [1] for details).
For brevity, we call just weight-raising the combination of these
two preferential treatments. For a newly-created queue,
weight-raising starts immediately and lasts for a time interval that:
1) depends on the device speed and type (rotational or
non-rotational), and 2) is equal to the time needed to load (start up)
a large-size application on that device, with cold caches and with no
additional workload.
Finally, as for guaranteeing a fast execution to interactive,
I/O-related tasks (such as opening a file), consider that any
interactive application blocks and waits for user input both after
starting up and after executing some task. After a while, the user may
trigger new operations, after which the application stops again, and
so on. Accordingly, the low-latency heuristic weight-raises again a
queue in case it becomes backlogged after being idle for a
sufficiently long (configurable) time. The weight-raising then lasts
for the same time as for a just-created queue.
According to our experiments, the combination of this low-latency
heuristic and of the improvements described in the previous patch
allows BFQ to guarantee a high application responsiveness.
[1] P. Valente, A. Avanzini, "Evolution of the BFQ Storage I/O
Scheduler", Proceedings of the First Workshop on Mobile System
Technologies (MST-2015), May 2015.
http://algogroup.unimore.it/people/paolo/disk_sched/mst-2015.pdf
Signed-off-by: Paolo Valente <paolo.valente@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Arianna Avanzini <avanzini.arianna@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
Add complete support for full hierarchical scheduling, with a cgroups
interface. Full hierarchical scheduling is implemented through the
'entity' abstraction: both bfq_queues, i.e., the internal BFQ queues
associated with processes, and groups are represented in general by
entities. Given the bfq_queues associated with the processes belonging
to a given group, the entities representing these queues are sons of
the entity representing the group. At higher levels, if a group, say
G, contains other groups, then the entity representing G is the parent
entity of the entities representing the groups in G.
Hierarchical scheduling is performed as follows: if the timestamps of
a leaf entity (i.e., of a bfq_queue) change, and such a change lets
the entity become the next-to-serve entity for its parent entity, then
the timestamps of the parent entity are recomputed as a function of
the budget of its new next-to-serve leaf entity. If the parent entity
belongs, in its turn, to a group, and its new timestamps let it become
the next-to-serve for its parent entity, then the timestamps of the
latter parent entity are recomputed as well, and so on. When a new
bfq_queue must be set in service, the reverse path is followed: the
next-to-serve highest-level entity is chosen, then its next-to-serve
child entity, and so on, until the next-to-serve leaf entity is
reached, and the bfq_queue that this entity represents is set in
service.
Writeback is accounted for on a per-group basis, i.e., for each group,
the async I/O requests of the processes of the group are enqueued in a
distinct bfq_queue, and the entity associated with this queue is a
child of the entity associated with the group.
Weights can be assigned explicitly to groups and processes through the
cgroups interface, differently from what happens, for single
processes, if the cgroups interface is not used (as explained in the
description of the previous patch). In particular, since each node has
a full scheduler, each group can be assigned its own weight.
Signed-off-by: Fabio Checconi <fchecconi@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Valente <paolo.valente@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Arianna Avanzini <avanzini.arianna@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
We tag as v0 the version of BFQ containing only BFQ's engine plus
hierarchical support. BFQ's engine is introduced by this commit, while
hierarchical support is added by next commit. We use the v0 tag to
distinguish this minimal version of BFQ from the versions containing
also the features and the improvements added by next commits. BFQ-v0
coincides with the version of BFQ submitted a few years ago [1], apart
from the introduction of preemption, described below.
BFQ is a proportional-share I/O scheduler, whose general structure,
plus a lot of code, are borrowed from CFQ.
- Each process doing I/O on a device is associated with a weight and a
(bfq_)queue.
- BFQ grants exclusive access to the device, for a while, to one queue
(process) at a time, and implements this service model by
associating every queue with a budget, measured in number of
sectors.
- After a queue is granted access to the device, the budget of the
queue is decremented, on each request dispatch, by the size of the
request.
- The in-service queue is expired, i.e., its service is suspended,
only if one of the following events occurs: 1) the queue finishes
its budget, 2) the queue empties, 3) a "budget timeout" fires.
- The budget timeout prevents processes doing random I/O from
holding the device for too long and dramatically reducing
throughput.
- Actually, as in CFQ, a queue associated with a process issuing
sync requests may not be expired immediately when it empties. In
contrast, BFQ may idle the device for a short time interval,
giving the process the chance to go on being served if it issues
a new request in time. Device idling typically boosts the
throughput on rotational devices, if processes do synchronous
and sequential I/O. In addition, under BFQ, device idling is
also instrumental in guaranteeing the desired throughput
fraction to processes issuing sync requests (see [2] for
details).
- With respect to idling for service guarantees, if several
processes are competing for the device at the same time, but
all processes (and groups, after the following commit) have
the same weight, then BFQ guarantees the expected throughput
distribution without ever idling the device. Throughput is
thus as high as possible in this common scenario.
- Queues are scheduled according to a variant of WF2Q+, named
B-WF2Q+, and implemented using an augmented rb-tree to preserve an
O(log N) overall complexity. See [2] for more details. B-WF2Q+ is
also ready for hierarchical scheduling. However, for a cleaner
logical breakdown, the code that enables and completes
hierarchical support is provided in the next commit, which focuses
exactly on this feature.
- B-WF2Q+ guarantees a tight deviation with respect to an ideal,
perfectly fair, and smooth service. In particular, B-WF2Q+
guarantees that each queue receives a fraction of the device
throughput proportional to its weight, even if the throughput
fluctuates, and regardless of: the device parameters, the current
workload and the budgets assigned to the queue.
- The last, budget-independence, property (although probably
counterintuitive in the first place) is definitely beneficial, for
the following reasons:
- First, with any proportional-share scheduler, the maximum
deviation with respect to an ideal service is proportional to
the maximum budget (slice) assigned to queues. As a consequence,
BFQ can keep this deviation tight not only because of the
accurate service of B-WF2Q+, but also because BFQ *does not*
need to assign a larger budget to a queue to let the queue
receive a higher fraction of the device throughput.
- Second, BFQ is free to choose, for every process (queue), the
budget that best fits the needs of the process, or best
leverages the I/O pattern of the process. In particular, BFQ
updates queue budgets with a simple feedback-loop algorithm that
allows a high throughput to be achieved, while still providing
tight latency guarantees to time-sensitive applications. When
the in-service queue expires, this algorithm computes the next
budget of the queue so as to:
- Let large budgets be eventually assigned to the queues
associated with I/O-bound applications performing sequential
I/O: in fact, the longer these applications are served once
got access to the device, the higher the throughput is.
- Let small budgets be eventually assigned to the queues
associated with time-sensitive applications (which typically
perform sporadic and short I/O), because, the smaller the
budget assigned to a queue waiting for service is, the sooner
B-WF2Q+ will serve that queue (Subsec 3.3 in [2]).
- Weights can be assigned to processes only indirectly, through I/O
priorities, and according to the relation:
weight = 10 * (IOPRIO_BE_NR - ioprio).
The next patch provides, instead, a cgroups interface through which
weights can be assigned explicitly.
- If several processes are competing for the device at the same time,
but all processes and groups have the same weight, then BFQ
guarantees the expected throughput distribution without ever idling
the device. It uses preemption instead. Throughput is then much
higher in this common scenario.
- ioprio classes are served in strict priority order, i.e.,
lower-priority queues are not served as long as there are
higher-priority queues. Among queues in the same class, the
bandwidth is distributed in proportion to the weight of each
queue. A very thin extra bandwidth is however guaranteed to the Idle
class, to prevent it from starving.
- If the strict_guarantees parameter is set (default: unset), then BFQ
- always performs idling when the in-service queue becomes empty;
- forces the device to serve one I/O request at a time, by
dispatching a new request only if there is no outstanding
request.
In the presence of differentiated weights or I/O-request sizes,
both the above conditions are needed to guarantee that every
queue receives its allotted share of the bandwidth (see
Documentation/block/bfq-iosched.txt for more details). Setting
strict_guarantees may evidently affect throughput.
[1] https://lkml.org/lkml/2008/4/1/234https://lkml.org/lkml/2008/11/11/148
[2] P. Valente and M. Andreolini, "Improving Application
Responsiveness with the BFQ Disk I/O Scheduler", Proceedings of
the 5th Annual International Systems and Storage Conference
(SYSTOR '12), June 2012.
Slightly extended version:
http://algogroup.unimore.it/people/paolo/disk_sched/bfq-v1-suite-
results.pdf
Signed-off-by: Fabio Checconi <fchecconi@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Valente <paolo.valente@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Arianna Avanzini <avanzini.arianna@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>