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The pid to lookup a task by is passed inside taskstats code via genetlink
message.
Since netlink packets are now processed in the context of the sending task,
this is correct to lookup the task with find_task_by_vpid() here.
Besides, I fix the call to fill_pid() from taskstats_exit(), since the
tsk->pid is not required in fill_pid() in this case, and the pid field on
task_struct is going to be deprecated as well.
Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Jay Lan <jlan@engr.sgi.com>
Cc: Jonathan Lim <jlim@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
We'd better not nlmsg_free on a pointer containing an undefined value
(and without having anything allocated).
Spotted by the Coverity checker.
Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Fix the various misspellings of "system", controller", "interrupt" and
"[un]necessary".
Signed-off-by: Robert P. J. Day <rpjday@mindspring.com>
Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@kernel.org>
This patch is inspired by the discussion at
http://lkml.org/lkml/2007/4/11/187 and implements per cgroup statistics
as suggested by Andrew Morton in http://lkml.org/lkml/2007/4/11/263. The
patch is on top of 2.6.21-mm1 with Paul's cgroups v9 patches (forward
ported)
This patch implements per cgroup statistics infrastructure and re-uses
code from the taskstats interface. A new set of cgroup operations are
registered with commands and attributes. It should be very easy to
*extend* per cgroup statistics, by adding members to the cgroupstats
structure.
The current model for cgroupstats is a pull, a push model (to post
statistics on interesting events), should be very easy to add. Currently
user space requests for statistics by passing the cgroup file
descriptor. Statistics about the state of all the tasks in the cgroup
is returned to user space.
TODO's/NOTE:
This patch provides an infrastructure for implementing cgroup statistics.
Based on the needs of each controller, we can incrementally add more statistics,
event based support for notification of statistics, accumulation of taskstats
into cgroup statistics in the future.
Sample output
# ./cgroupstats -C /cgroup/a
sleeping 2, blocked 0, running 1, stopped 0, uninterruptible 0
# ./cgroupstats -C /cgroup/
sleeping 154, blocked 0, running 0, stopped 0, uninterruptible 0
If the approach looks good, I'll enhance and post the user space utility for
the same
Feedback, comments, test results are always welcome!
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: build fix]
Signed-off-by: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Cc: Jay Lan <jlan@engr.sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This patch cleans up duplicate includes in
kernel/
Signed-off-by: Jesper Juhl <jesper.juhl@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Satyam Sharma <ssatyam@cse.iitk.ac.in>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Make available to the user the following task and process performance
statistics:
* Involuntary Context Switches (task_struct->nivcsw)
* Voluntary Context Switches (task_struct->nvcsw)
Statistics information is available from:
1. taskstats interface (Documentation/accounting/)
2. /proc/PID/status (task only).
This data is useful for detecting hyperactivity patterns between processes.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: cleanup]
Signed-off-by: Maxim Uvarov <muvarov@ru.mvista.com>
Cc: Shailabh Nagar <nagar@watson.ibm.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Jay Lan <jlan@engr.sgi.com>
Cc: Jonathan Lim <jlim@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This patch provides a new macro
KMEM_CACHE(<struct>, <flags>)
to simplify slab creation. KMEM_CACHE creates a slab with the name of the
struct, with the size of the struct and with the alignment of the struct.
Additional slab flags may be specified if necessary.
Example
struct test_slab {
int a,b,c;
struct list_head;
} __cacheline_aligned_in_smp;
test_slab_cache = KMEM_CACHE(test_slab, SLAB_PANIC)
will create a new slab named "test_slab" of the size sizeof(struct
test_slab) and aligned to the alignment of test slab. If it fails then we
panic.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
For the common "(struct nlmsghdr *)skb->data" sequence, so that we reduce the
number of direct accesses to skb->data and for consistency with all the other
cast skb member helpers.
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Thomas Graf wrote:
>
> nla_nest_start() may return NULL, either rely on prepare_reply() to be
> correct and BUG() on failure or do proper error handling for all
> functions.
nla_put() in taskstat.c can fail only if the 'size' argument of alloc_skb()
was not right. This is a kernel bug, we should not hide it. So add 'BUG()'
on error path and check for 'na == NULL'.
> genlmsg_cancel() is only required in error paths for dumping
> procedures.
So we can remove 'genlmsg_cancel()' calls and 'void *reply' (saves 227 bytes).
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: Thomas Graf <tgraf@suug.ch>
Cc: Shailabh Nagar <nagar@watson.ibm.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Jay Lan <jlan@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Currently taskstats_user_cmd()/taskstats_exit() do:
1) allocate stats
2) fill stats
3) make a temporary copy on stack (236 bytes)
4) copy that copy to skb
5) free stats
With the help of nla_reserve() we can operate on skb->data directly,
thus avoiding all these steps except 2).
So, before this patch:
// copy *stats to skb->data
int mk_reply(skb, ..., struct taskstats *stats);
fill_pid(stats);
mk_reply(skb, ..., stats);
After:
// return a pointer to skb->data
struct taskstats *mk_reply(skb, ...);
stat = mk_reply(skb, ...);
fill_pid(stats);
Shrinks taskatsks.o by 162 bytes.
A stupid benchmark (send one million TASKSTATS_CMD_ATTR_PID) shows the
real user sys
before:
4.02 0.06 3.96
4.02 0.04 3.98
4.02 0.04 3.97
after:
3.86 0.08 3.78
3.88 0.10 3.77
3.89 0.09 3.80
but this looks suspiciously good.
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Acked-by: Shailabh Nagar <nagar@watson.ibm.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Jay Lan <jlan@sgi.com>
Cc: Thomas Graf <tgraf@suug.ch>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Introduce mk_reply() helper which does all nla_put()s on reply.
Saves 453 bytes and a preparation for the next patch.
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Acked-by: Shailabh Nagar <nagar@watson.ibm.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Jay Lan <jlan@sgi.com>
Cc: Thomas Graf <tgraf@suug.ch>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Allocate ->signal->stats on demand in taskstats_exit(), this allows us to
remove taskstats_tgid_alloc() (the last non-trivial inline) from taskstat's
public interface.
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Shailabh Nagar <nagar@watson.ibm.com>
Cc: Jay Lan <jlan@engr.sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
do_exit:
taskstats_exit_alloc()
...
taskstats_exit_send()
taskstats_exit_free()
I think this is not good, let it be a single function exported to the core
kernel, taskstats_exit(), which does alloc + send + free itself.
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Shailabh Nagar <nagar@watson.ibm.com>
Cc: Jay Lan <jlan@engr.sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
If there are no listeners, every task does unneeded kmem_cache alloc/free on
exit. We don't need listeners->sem for 'if (!list_empty())' check. Yes, we may
have a false positive, but this doesn't differ from the case when the listener
is unregistered after we drop the semaphore. So we don't need to do allocation
beforehand.
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Shailabh Nagar <nagar@watson.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Replace all uses of kmem_cache_t with struct kmem_cache.
The patch was generated using the following script:
#!/bin/sh
#
# Replace one string by another in all the kernel sources.
#
set -e
for file in `find * -name "*.c" -o -name "*.h"|xargs grep -l $1`; do
quilt add $file
sed -e "1,\$s/$1/$2/g" $file >/tmp/$$
mv /tmp/$$ $file
quilt refresh
done
The script was run like this
sh replace kmem_cache_t "struct kmem_cache"
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
SLAB_KERNEL is an alias of GFP_KERNEL.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
By modyfing genlmsg_put() to take a genl_family and by adding
genlmsg_put_reply() the process of constructing the netlink
and generic netlink headers is simplified.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Graf <tgraf@suug.ch>
Acked-by: Paul Moore <paul.moore@hp.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Account for the netlink message header size directly in nlmsg_new()
instead of relying on the caller calculate it correctly.
Replaces error handling of message construction functions when
constructing notifications with bug traps since a failure implies
a bug in calculating the size of the skb.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Graf <tgraf@suug.ch>
Acked-by: Paul Moore <paul.moore@hp.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
If there are no listeners, taskstats_exit_send() just returns because
taskstats_exit_alloc() didn't allocate *tidstats. This is wrong, each
sub-thread should do fill_tgid_exit() on exit, otherwise its ->delays is
not recorded in ->signal->stats and lost.
Q: We don't send TASKSTATS_TYPE_AGGR_TGID when single-threaded process
exits. Is it good? How can the listener figure out that it was actually a
process exit, not sub-thread?
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Shailabh Nagar <nagar@watson.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
prepare_reply() adds GENL_HDRLEN to the payload (genlmsg_total_size()),
but then it does genlmsg_put()->nlmsg_put(). This means we forget to
reserve a room for 'struct nlmsghdr'.
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: Thomas Graf <tgraf@suug.ch>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Cc: Shailabh Nagar <nagar@watson.ibm.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Jay Lan <jlan@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
'return genlmsg_cancel()' in taskstats_user_cmd/taskstats_exit_send
potentially leaks a skb. Unless we pass 'rep_skb' to the netlink layer
we own sk_buff. This means we should always do kfree_skb() on failure.
[ Thomas acked and pointed out missing return value in original version ]
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Acked-by: Thomas Graf <tgraf@suug.ch>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Cc: Shailabh Nagar <nagar@watson.ibm.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Jay Lan <jlan@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
fill_tgid() should skip not only an already exited group leader. If the
task has ->exit_state != 0 it already did exit_notify(), so it also did
fill_tgid_exit()->delayacct_add_tsk(->signal->stats) and we should skip it
to avoid a double accounting.
This patch doesn't close the race completely, but it cleanups the code.
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: Shailabh Nagar <nagar@watson.ibm.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Jay Lan <jlan@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Remove tasklist_lock from taskstats.c. find_task_by_pid() is rcu-safe.
->siglock allows us to traverse subthread without tasklist.
Q: delay accounting looks wrong to me. If sub-thread has already called
taskstats_exit_send() but didn't call release_task(self) yet it will be
accounted twice. The window is big. No?
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: Shailabh Nagar <nagar@watson.ibm.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Jay Lan <jlan@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
signal_struct is (mostly) protected by ->sighand->siglock, I think we don't
need ->taskstats_lock to protect ->stats. This also allows us to simplify the
locking in fill_tgid().
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: Shailabh Nagar <nagar@watson.ibm.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Jay Lan <jlan@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
1. fill_tgid() forgets to do put_task_struct(first).
2. release_task(first) can happen after fill_tgid() drops tasklist_lock,
it is unsafe to dereference first->signal.
This is a temporary fix, imho the locking should be reworked.
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: Shailabh Nagar <nagar@watson.ibm.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Jay Lan <jlan@sgi.com>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Add extended system accounting handling over taskstats interface. A
CONFIG_TASK_XACCT flag is created to enable the extended accounting code.
Signed-off-by: Jay Lan <jlan@sgi.com>
Cc: Shailabh Nagar <nagar@watson.ibm.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Jes Sorensen <jes@sgi.com>
Cc: Chris Sturtivant <csturtiv@sgi.com>
Cc: Tony Ernst <tee@sgi.com>
Cc: Guillaume Thouvenin <guillaume.thouvenin@bull.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Add some basic accounting fields to the taskstats struct, add a new
kernel/tsacct.c to handle basic accounting data handling upon exit. A handle
is added to taskstats.c to invoke the basic accounting data handling.
Signed-off-by: Jay Lan <jlan@sgi.com>
Cc: Shailabh Nagar <nagar@watson.ibm.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Jes Sorensen <jes@sgi.com>
Cc: Chris Sturtivant <csturtiv@sgi.com>
Cc: Tony Ernst <tee@sgi.com>
Cc: Guillaume Thouvenin <guillaume.thouvenin@bull.net>
Cc: "Michal Piotrowski" <michal.k.k.piotrowski@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
The addition of the CSA patch pushed the size of struct taskstats to 256
bytes. This exposed a problem with prepare_reply(), we were not allocating
space for the netlink and genetlink header. It worked earlier because
alloc_skb() would align the skb to SMP_CACHE_BYTES, which added some additonal
bytes.
Signed-off-by: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Jamal Hadi <hadi@cyberus.ca>
Cc: Shailabh Nagar <nagar@watson.ibm.com>
Cc: Thomas Graf <tgraf@suug.ch>
Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Jay Lan <jlan@engr.sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Adds:
nlmsg_get_pos() return current position in message
nlmsg_trim() trim part of message
nla_reserve_nohdr(skb, len) reserve room for an attribute w/o hdr
nla_put_nohdr(skb, len, data) add attribute w/o hdr
nla_find_nested() find attribute in nested attributes
Fixes nlmsg_new() to take allocation flags and consider size.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Graf <tgraf@suug.ch>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Add a missing freeing of skb in the case there are no listeners at all.
Also remove the returning of error values by the function as it is unused
by the sole caller.
Signed-off-by: Shailabh Nagar <nagar@watson.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Chandra Seetharaman <sekharan@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Complete the separation of delay accounting and taskstats by ignoring the
return value of delay accounting functions that fill in parts of taskstats
before it is sent out (either in response to a command or as part of a task
exit).
Also make delayacct_add_tsk return silently when delay accounting is turned
off rather than treat it as an error.
Signed-off-by: Shailabh Nagar <nagar@watson.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
In send_cpu_listeners(), which is called on the exit path, a down_write()
was protecting operations like skb_clone() and genlmsg_unicast() that do
GFP_KERNEL allocations. If the oom-killer decides to kill tasks to satisfy
the allocations,the exit of those tasks could block on the same semphore.
The down_write() was only needed to allow removal of invalid listeners from
the listener list. The patch converts the down_write to a down_read and
defers the removal to a separate critical region. This ensures that even
if the oom-killer is called, no other task's exit is blocked as it can
still acquire another down_read.
Thanks to Andrew Morton & Herbert Xu for pointing out the oom related
pitfalls, and to Chandra Seetharaman for suggesting this fix instead of
using something more complex like RCU.
Signed-off-by: Chandra Seetharaman <sekharan@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Shailabh Nagar <nagar@watson.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
On systems with a large number of cpus, with even a modest rate of tasks
exiting per cpu, the volume of taskstats data sent on thread exit can
overflow a userspace listener's buffers.
One approach to avoiding overflow is to allow listeners to get data for a
limited and specific set of cpus. By scaling the number of listeners
and/or the cpus they monitor, userspace can handle the statistical data
overload more gracefully.
In this patch, each listener registers to listen to a specific set of cpus
by specifying a cpumask. The interest is recorded per-cpu. When a task
exits on a cpu, its taskstats data is unicast to each listener interested
in that cpu.
Thanks to Andrew Morton for pointing out the various scalability and
general concerns of previous attempts and for suggesting this design.
[akpm@osdl.org: build fix]
Signed-off-by: Shailabh Nagar <nagar@watson.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Chandra Seetharaman <sekharan@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Send per-tgid data only once during exit of a thread group instead of once
with each member thread exit.
Currently, when a thread exits, besides its per-tid data, the per-tgid data
of its thread group is also sent out, if its thread group is non-empty.
The per-tgid data sent consists of the sum of per-tid stats for all
*remaining* threads of the thread group.
This patch modifies this sending in two ways:
- the per-tgid data is sent only when the last thread of a thread group
exits. This cuts down heavily on the overhead of sending/receiving
per-tgid data, especially when other exploiters of the taskstats
interface aren't interested in per-tgid stats
- the semantics of the per-tgid data sent are changed. Instead of being
the sum of per-tid data for remaining threads, the value now sent is the
true total accumalated statistics for all threads that are/were part of
the thread group.
The patch also addresses a minor issue where failure of one accounting
subsystem to fill in the taskstats structure was causing the send of
taskstats to not be sent at all.
The patch has been tested for stability and run cerberus for over 4 hours
on an SMP.
[akpm@osdl.org: bugfixes]
Signed-off-by: Shailabh Nagar <nagar@watson.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Jay Lan <jlan@engr.sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Create a "taskstats" interface based on generic netlink (NETLINK_GENERIC
family), for getting statistics of tasks and thread groups during their
lifetime and when they exit. The interface is intended for use by multiple
accounting packages though it is being created in the context of delay
accounting.
This patch creates the interface without populating the fields of the data
that is sent to the user in response to a command or upon the exit of a task.
Each accounting package interested in using taskstats has to provide an
additional patch to add its stats to the common structure.
[akpm@osdl.org: cleanups, Kconfig fix]
Signed-off-by: Shailabh Nagar <nagar@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Jes Sorensen <jes@sgi.com>
Cc: Peter Chubb <peterc@gelato.unsw.edu.au>
Cc: Erich Focht <efocht@ess.nec.de>
Cc: Levent Serinol <lserinol@gmail.com>
Cc: Jay Lan <jlan@engr.sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
