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Just like other architectures provide a kaslr_enabled() function, instead
of directly accessing a global variable.
Also pass the renamed __kaslr_enabled variable from the decompressor to the
kernel, so that kalsr_enabled() is available there too. This will be used
by a subsequent patch which randomizes the module base load address.
Reviewed-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Vasily Gorbik says:
===================
Combine and generalize all methods for finding unused memory in
decompressor, while decreasing complexity, add memory holes support,
while improving error handling (especially in low-memory conditions)
and debug-ability.
===================
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Currently several approaches for finding unused memory in decompressor
are utilized. While "safe_addr" grows towards higher addresses, vmem
code allocates paging structures top down. The former requires careful
ordering. In addition to that ipl report handling code verifies potential
intersections with secure boot certificates on its own. Neither of two
approaches are memory holes aware and consistent with each other in low
memory conditions.
To solve that, existing approaches are generalized and combined
together, as well as online memory ranges are now taken into
consideration.
physmem_info has been extended to contain reserved memory ranges. New
set of functions allow to handle reserves and find unused memory.
All reserves and memory allocations are "typed". In case of out of
memory condition decompressor fails with detailed info on current
reserved ranges and usable online memory.
Linux version 6.2.0 ...
Kernel command line: ... mem=100M
Our of memory allocating 100000 bytes 100000 aligned in range 0:5800000
Reserved memory ranges:
0000000000000000 0000000003e33000 DECOMPRESSOR
0000000003f00000 00000000057648a3 INITRD
00000000063e0000 00000000063e8000 VMEM
00000000063eb000 00000000063f4000 VMEM
00000000063f7800 0000000006400000 VMEM
0000000005800000 0000000006300000 KASAN
Usable online memory ranges (info source: sclp read info [3]):
0000000000000000 0000000006400000
Usable online memory total: 6400000 Reserved: 61b10a3 Free: 24ef5d
Call Trace:
(sp:000000000002bd58 [<0000000000012a70>] physmem_alloc_top_down+0x60/0x14c)
sp:000000000002bdc8 [<0000000000013756>] _pa+0x56/0x6a
sp:000000000002bdf0 [<0000000000013bcc>] pgtable_populate+0x45c/0x65e
sp:000000000002be90 [<00000000000140aa>] setup_vmem+0x2da/0x424
sp:000000000002bec8 [<0000000000011c20>] startup_kernel+0x428/0x8b4
sp:000000000002bf60 [<00000000000100f4>] startup_normal+0xd4/0xd4
physmem_alloc_range allows to find free memory in specified range. It
should be used for one time allocations only like finding position for
amode31 and vmlinux.
physmem_alloc_top_down can be used just like physmem_alloc_range, but
it also allows multiple allocations per type and tries to merge sequential
allocations together. Which is useful for paging structures allocations.
If sequential allocations cannot be merged together they are "chained",
allowing easy per type reserved ranges enumeration and migration to
memblock later. Extra "struct reserved_range" allocated for chaining are
not tracked or reserved but rely on the fact that both
physmem_alloc_range and physmem_alloc_top_down search for free memory
only below current top down allocator position. All reserved ranges
should be transferred to memblock before memblock allocations are
enabled.
The startup code has been reordered to delay any memory allocations until
online memory ranges are detected and occupied memory ranges are marked as
reserved to be excluded from follow-up allocations.
Ipl report certificates are a special case, ipl report certificates list
is checked together with other memory reserves until certificates are
saved elsewhere.
KASAN required memory for shadow memory allocation and mapping is reserved
as 1 large chunk which is later passed to KASAN early initialization code.
Acked-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
check_image_bootable() has been introduced with commit 627c9b62058e
("s390/boot: block uncompressed vmlinux booting attempts") to make sure
that users don't try to boot uncompressed vmlinux ELF image in qemu. It
used to be possible quite some time ago. That commit prevented confusion
with uncompressed vmlinux image starting to boot and even printing
kernel messages until it crashed. Users might have tried to report the
problem without realizing they are doing something which was not intended.
Since commit f1d3c5323772 ("s390/boot: move sclp early buffer from fixed
address in asm to C") check_image_bootable() doesn't function properly
anymore, as well as booting uncompressed vmlinux image in qemu doesn't
really produce any output and crashes. Moving forward it doesn't make
sense to fix check_image_bootable() anymore, so simply remove it.
Acked-by: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
gen_lpswe() contains a BUILD_BUG_ON() statement which depends on a function
parameter. If the compiler decides to generate a not inlined function this
will lead to a build error, even if all call sites pass a valid parameter.
To avoid this always inline gen_lpswe().
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
RDP instruction allows to reset DAT-protection bit in a PTE, with less
CPU synchronization overhead than IPTE instruction. In particular, IPTE
can cause machine-wide synchronization overhead, and excessive IPTE usage
can negatively impact machine performance.
RDP can be used instead of IPTE, if the new PTE only differs in SW bits
and _PAGE_PROTECT HW bit, for PTE protection changes from RO to RW.
SW PTE bit changes are allowed, e.g. for dirty and young tracking, but none
of the other HW-defined part of the PTE must change. This is because the
architecture forbids such changes to an active and valid PTE, which
is why invalidation with IPTE is always used first, before writing a new
entry.
The RDP optimization helps mainly for fault-driven SW dirty-bit tracking.
Writable PTEs are initially always mapped with HW _PAGE_PROTECT bit set,
to allow SW dirty-bit accounting on first write protection fault, where
the DAT-protection would then be reset. The reset is now done with RDP
instead of IPTE, if RDP instruction is available.
RDP cannot always guarantee that the DAT-protection reset is propagated
to all CPUs immediately. This means that spurious TLB protection faults
on other CPUs can now occur. For this, common code provides a
flush_tlb_fix_spurious_fault() handler, which will now be used to do a
CPU-local TLB flush. However, this will clear the whole TLB of a CPU, and
not just the affected entry. For more fine-grained flushing, by simply
doing a (local) RDP again, flush_tlb_fix_spurious_fault() would need to
also provide the PTE pointer.
Note that spurious TLB protection faults cannot really be distinguished
from racing pagetable updates, where another thread already installed the
correct PTE. In such a case, the local TLB flush would be unnecessary
overhead, but overall reduction of CPU synchronization overhead by not
using IPTE is still expected to be beneficial.
Reviewed-by: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Gerald Schaefer <gerald.schaefer@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Move __amode31_base declaration to proper header file to get rid of
arch/s390/boot/startup.c:24:15:
warning: symbol '__amode31_base' was not declared. Should it be static?
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
The setup of the kernel virtual address space is spread
throughout the sources, boot stages and config options
like this:
1. The available physical memory regions are queried
and stored as mem_detect information for later use
in the decompressor.
2. Based on the physical memory availability the virtual
memory layout is established in the decompressor;
3. If CONFIG_KASAN is disabled the kernel paging setup
code populates kernel pgtables and turns DAT mode on.
It uses the information stored at step [1].
4. If CONFIG_KASAN is enabled the kernel early boot
kasan setup populates kernel pgtables and turns DAT
mode on. It uses the information stored at step [1].
The kasan setup creates early_pg_dir directory and
directly overwrites swapper_pg_dir entries to make
shadow memory pages available.
Move the kernel virtual memory setup to the decompressor
and start the kernel with DAT turned on right from the
very first istruction. That completely eliminates the
boot phase when the kernel runs in DAT-off mode, simplies
the overall design and consolidates pgtables setup.
The identity mapping is created in the decompressor, while
kasan shadow mappings are still created by the early boot
kernel code.
Share with decompressor the existing kasan memory allocator.
It decreases the size of a newly requested memory block from
pgalloc_pos and ensures that kernel image is not overwritten.
pgalloc_low and pgalloc_pos pointers are made preserved boot
variables for that.
Use the bootdata infrastructure to setup swapper_pg_dir
and invalid_pg_dir directories used by the kernel later.
The interim early_pg_dir directory established by the
kasan initialization code gets eliminated as result.
As the kernel runs in DAT-on mode only the PSW_KERNEL_BITS
define gets PSW_MASK_DAT bit by default. Additionally, the
setup_lowcore_dat_off() and setup_lowcore_dat_on() routines
get merged, since there is no DAT-off mode stage anymore.
The memory mappings are created with RW+X protection that
allows the early boot code setting up all necessary data
and services for the kernel being booted. Just before the
paging is enabled the memory protection is changed to
RO+X for text, RO+NX for read-only data and RW+NX for
kernel data and the identity mapping.
Reviewed-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Allow to configure the command line to an arbitrary length, with a
default of 4096 bytes. Also remove COMMAND_LINE_SIZE from
include/uapi/asm/setup.h as this is dynamic now and doesn't tell
anything about the command line size limitations of a new kernel
that might be loaded.
Signed-off-by: Sven Schnelle <svens@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Currently s390 supports a fixed maximum command line length of 896
bytes. This isn't enough as some installers are trying to pass all
configuration data via kernel command line, and even with zfcp alone
it is easy to generate really long command lines. Therefore extend
the command line to 4 kbytes.
In the parm area where the command line is stored there is no indication
of the maximum allowed length, so a new field which contains the maximum
length is added.
The parm area has always been initialized to zero, so with old kernels
this field would read zero. This is important because tools like zipl
could read this field. If it contains a number larger than zero zipl
knows the maximum length that can be stored in the parm area, otherwise
it must assume that it is booting a legacy kernel and only 896 bytes are
available.
The removing of trailing whitespace in head.S is also removed because
code to do this is already present in setup_boot_command_line().
Signed-off-by: Sven Schnelle <svens@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
In preparation of adding support for command lines with variable
sizes on s390, the check whether the new kernel image is at least HEAD_END
bytes long isn't correct. Move the check to kexec_file_add_components()
so we can get the size of the parm area and check the size there.
The '.org HEAD_END' directive can now also be removed from head.S. This
was used in the past to reserve space for the early sccb buffer, but with
commit 9a5131b87cac1 ("s390/boot: move sclp early buffer from fixed address
in asm to C") this is no longer required.
Signed-off-by: Sven Schnelle <svens@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Kernel support for the newer PCI mio instructions can be toggled off
with the pci=nomio command line option which needs to integrate with
common code PCI option parsing. However this option then toggles static
branches which can't be toggled yet in an early_param() call.
Thus commit 9964f396f1d0 ("s390: fix setting of mio addressing control")
moved toggling the static branches to the PCI init routine.
With this setup however we can't check for mio support outside the PCI
code during early boot, i.e. before switching the static branches, which
we need to be able to export this as an ELF HWCAP.
Improve on this by turning mio availability into a machine flag that
gets initially set based on CONFIG_PCI and the facility bit and gets
toggled off if pci=nomio is found during PCI option parsing allowing
simple access to this machine flag after early init.
Reviewed-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Niklas Schnelle <schnelle@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Both macros are used only in decompressor's head.S, unnecessary to put
them in a global header used in many places like setup.h is.
Signed-off-by: Alexander Egorenkov <egorenar@linux.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
To reduce duplication, replace error-prone and hard-coded parameter area
offsets with auto-generated ones.
Signed-off-by: Alexander Egorenkov <egorenar@linux.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
The macros
* IPL_DEVICE_OFFSET
* INITRD_START_OFFSET
* INITRD_SIZE_OFFSET
* OLDMEM_BASE_OFFSET
* OLDMEM_SIZE_OFFSET
* KERNEL_VERSION_OFFSET
* COMMAND_LINE_OFFSET
are no longer necessary and used only to define another set of macros
with the same names but w/o the suffix _OFFSET. Therefore, drop this
unnecessary indirection.
Drop the macro KERNEL_VERSION_OFFSET w/o renaming it to KERNEL_VERSION
because it is used nowhere.
Signed-off-by: Alexander Egorenkov <egorenar@linux.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
These symbolic constants are used only by assembler code now:
* COMMAND_LINE
* IPL_DEVICE
C code of the decompressed kernel should use boot data passed
by the decompressor instead.
Signed-off-by: Alexander Egorenkov <egorenar@linux.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
The new boot data struct shall replace global variables OLDMEM_BASE and
OLDMEM_SIZE. It is initialized in the decompressor and passed
to the decompressed kernel. In comparison to the old solution, this one
doesn't access data at fixed physical addresses which will become important
when the decompressor becomes relocatable.
Signed-off-by: Alexander Egorenkov <egorenar@linux.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
The new boot data struct shall replace global variables INITRD_START and
INITRD_SIZE. It is initialized in the decompressor and passed
to the decompressed kernel. In comparison to the old solution, this one
doesn't access data at fixed physical addresses which will become important
when the decompressor becomes relocatable.
Signed-off-by: Alexander Egorenkov <egorenar@linux.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
To make the decompressor relocatable, the early SCLP buffer with a fixed
address must be replaced with a relocatable C buffer of the according size
and alignment as required by SCLP.
Introduce a new function sclp_early_set_buffer() into the SCLP driver
which enables the decompressor to change the SCLP early buffer at any time.
This will be useful when the decompressor becomes fully relocatable and
might need to change the SCLP early buffer to one with an address < 2G
as required by SCLP because it was loaded at an address >= 2G.
Signed-off-by: Alexander Egorenkov <egorenar@linux.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
A buffer that can be used for communication with SCLP is required
to lie below 2GB memory address. Therefore, both sclp_info_sccb
and sclp_early_sccb must fulfill this requirement if passed directly
to the sclp_early_cmd() function. Instead, use only sclp_early_sccb
for communication with SCLP. This allows the buffer sclp_info_sccb
to be placed anywhere in the memory address space and, therefore,
simplifies the process of making the decompressor relocatable later on,
one thing less to relocate. And make sure that the length of the new unified
early SCLP buffer is no less than the length of the removed sclp_info_sccb
buffer which might be larger than the length of the sclp_early_sccb buffer.
Signed-off-by: Alexander Egorenkov <egorenar@linux.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
The magic string "S390EP" at offset 0x10008 indicated to the decompressed
kernel that it was booted by the decompressor. Introduce a new bootdata
flag instead which conveys the same information in an explicit and
a cleaner way. But keep the magic string because it is a kernel ABI.
Signed-off-by: Alexander Egorenkov <egorenar@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Currently there are two separate places where kernel memory layout has
to be known and adjusted:
1. early kasan setup.
2. paging setup later.
Those 2 places had to be kept in sync and adjusted to reflect peculiar
technical details of one another. With additional factors which influence
kernel memory layout like ultravisor secure storage limit, complexity
of keeping two things in sync grew up even more.
Besides that if we look forward towards creating identity mapping and
enabling DAT before jumping into uncompressed kernel - that would also
require full knowledge of and control over kernel memory layout.
So, de-duplicate and move kernel memory layout setup logic into
the decompressor.
Reviewed-by: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Since commit 9a965ea95135 ("s390/kexec_file: Simplify parmarea
access") we have struct parmarea which describes the layout of the
kernel parameter area.
Make the kernel parameter area available as global variable parmarea
of type struct parmarea, which allows to easily access its members.
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Currently we have to consider too many different values which
in the end only affect identity mapping size. These are:
1. max_physmem_end - end of physical memory online or standby.
Always <= end of the last online memory block (get_mem_detect_end()).
2. CONFIG_MAX_PHYSMEM_BITS - the maximum size of physical memory the
kernel is able to support.
3. "mem=" kernel command line option which limits physical memory usage.
4. OLDMEM_BASE which is a kdump memory limit when the kernel is executed as
crash kernel.
5. "hsa" size which is a memory limit when the kernel is executed during
zfcp/nvme dump.
Through out kernel startup and run we juggle all those values at once
but that does not bring any amusement, only confusion and complexity.
Unify all those values to a single one we should really care, that is
our identity mapping size.
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
As the number of cpus increases, the sccb response can exceed 4k for
read cpu and read scp info sclp commands. Hence, all cpu info entries
cant be embedded within a sccb response
Solution:
To overcome this limitation, extended sccb facility is provided by sclp.
1. Check if the extended sccb facility is installed.
2. If extended sccb is installed, perform the read scp and read cpu
command considering a max sccb length of three page size. This max
length is based on factors like max cpus, sccb header.
3. If extended sccb is not installed, perform the read scp and read cpu
sclp command considering a max sccb length of one page size.
Signed-off-by: Sumanth Korikkar <sumanthk@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
arch/s390/kernel/entry.h: suspend_zero_pages - only declaration left
after commit 394216275c7d ("s390: remove broken hibernate / power
management support")
arch/s390/include/asm/setup.h: vmhalt_cmd - only declaration left after
commit 99ca4e582d4a ("[S390] kernel: Shutdown Actions Interface")
arch/s390/include/asm/setup.h: vmpoff_cmd - only declaration left after
commit 99ca4e582d4a ("[S390] kernel: Shutdown Actions Interface")
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Since commit 394216275c7d ("s390: remove broken hibernate / power
management support") _swsusp_reset_dma is unused and could be safely
removed.
Reviewed-by: Sven Schnelle <svens@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
With our current support for the new MIO PCI instructions, write
combining/write back MMIO memory can be obtained via the pci_iomap_wc()
and pci_iomap_wc_range() functions.
This is achieved by using the write back address for a specific bar
as provided in clp_store_query_pci_fn()
These functions are however not widely used and instead drivers often
rely on ioremap_wc() and ioremap_prot(), which on other platforms enable
write combining using a PTE flag set through the pgrprot value.
While we do not have a write combining flag in the low order flag bits
of the PTE like x86_64 does, with MIO support, there is a write back bit
in the physical address (bit 1 on z15) and thus also the PTE.
Which bit is used to toggle write back and whether it is available at
all, is however not fixed in the architecture. Instead we get this
information from the CLP Store Logical Processor Characteristics for PCI
command. When the write back bit is not provided we fall back to the
existing behavior.
Signed-off-by: Niklas Schnelle <schnelle@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Pierre Morel <pmorel@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Gerald Schaefer <gerald.schaefer@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
When userspace executes a syscall or gets interrupted,
BEAR contains a kernel address when returning to userspace.
This make it pretty easy to figure out where the kernel is
mapped even with KASLR enabled. To fix this, add lpswe to
lowcore and always execute it there, so userspace sees only
the lowcore address of lpswe. For this we have to extend
both critical_cleanup and the SWITCH_ASYNC macro to also check
for lpswe addresses in lowcore.
Fixes: b2d24b97b2a9 ("s390/kernel: add support for kernel address space layout randomization (KASLR)")
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> # v5.2+
Reviewed-by: Gerald Schaefer <gerald.schaefer@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Sven Schnelle <svens@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Add the new kernel command line parameter 'dfltcc=' to configure s390
zlib hardware support.
Format: { on | off | def_only | inf_only | always }
on: s390 zlib hardware support for compression on
level 1 and decompression (default)
off: No s390 zlib hardware support
def_only: s390 zlib hardware support for deflate
only (compression on level 1)
inf_only: s390 zlib hardware support for inflate
only (decompression)
always: Same as 'on' but ignores the selected compression
level always using hardware support (used for debugging)
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200103223334.20669-5-zaslonko@linux.ibm.com
Signed-off-by: Mikhail Zaslonko <zaslonko@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: Chris Mason <clm@fb.com>
Cc: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
Cc: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com>
Cc: Eduard Shishkin <edward6@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Ilya Leoshkevich <iii@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: Josef Bacik <josef@toxicpanda.com>
Cc: Richard Purdie <rpurdie@rpsys.net>
Cc: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
diag 0x44 is a voluntary undirected yield of a virtual CPU. This has
caused a lot of performance issues in the past.
There is only one caller left, and that one is only executed if diag
0x9c (directed yield) is not present. Given that all hypervisors
implement diag 0x9c anyway, remove the last diag 0x44 to avoid that
more callers will be added.
Worst case that could happen now, if diag 0x9c is not present, is that
a virtual CPU would loop a bit instead of giving its time slice up.
diag 0x44 statistics in debugfs are kept and will always be zero, so
that user space can tell that there are no calls.
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
- Add support for IBM z15 machines.
- Add SHA3 and CCA AES cipher key support in zcrypt and pkey refactoring.
- Move to arch_stack_walk infrastructure for the stack unwinder.
- Various kasan fixes and improvements.
- Various command line parsing fixes.
- Improve decompressor phase debuggability.
- Lift no bss usage restriction for the early code.
- Use refcount_t for reference counters for couple of places in
mm code.
- Logging improvements and return code fix in vfio-ccw code.
- Couple of zpci fixes and minor refactoring.
- Remove some outdated documentation.
- Fix secure boot detection.
- Other various minor code clean ups.
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Merge tag 's390-5.4-1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/s390/linux
Pull s390 updates from Vasily Gorbik:
- Add support for IBM z15 machines.
- Add SHA3 and CCA AES cipher key support in zcrypt and pkey
refactoring.
- Move to arch_stack_walk infrastructure for the stack unwinder.
- Various kasan fixes and improvements.
- Various command line parsing fixes.
- Improve decompressor phase debuggability.
- Lift no bss usage restriction for the early code.
- Use refcount_t for reference counters for couple of places in mm
code.
- Logging improvements and return code fix in vfio-ccw code.
- Couple of zpci fixes and minor refactoring.
- Remove some outdated documentation.
- Fix secure boot detection.
- Other various minor code clean ups.
* tag 's390-5.4-1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/s390/linux: (48 commits)
s390: remove pointless drivers-y in drivers/s390/Makefile
s390/cpum_sf: Fix line length and format string
s390/pci: fix MSI message data
s390: add support for IBM z15 machines
s390/crypto: Support for SHA3 via CPACF (MSA6)
s390/startup: add pgm check info printing
s390/crypto: xts-aes-s390 fix extra run-time crypto self tests finding
vfio-ccw: fix error return code in vfio_ccw_sch_init()
s390: vfio-ap: fix warning reset not completed
s390/base: remove unused s390_base_mcck_handler
s390/sclp: Fix bit checked for has_sipl
s390/zcrypt: fix wrong handling of cca cipher keygenflags
s390/kasan: add kdump support
s390/setup: avoid using strncmp with hardcoded length
s390/sclp: avoid using strncmp with hardcoded length
s390/module: avoid using strncmp with hardcoded length
s390/pci: avoid using strncmp with hardcoded length
s390/kaslr: reserve memory for kasan usage
s390/mem_detect: provide single get_mem_detect_end
s390/cmma: reuse kstrtobool for option value parsing
...
Few other crucial memory setup options are already handled in
the startup code. Those values are needed by kaslr and kasan
implementations. "vmalloc" is the last piece required for future
improvements such as early decision on kernel page levels depth required
for actual memory setup, as well as vmalloc memory area access monitoring
in kasan.
Reviewed-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Add __swsusp_reset_dma declaration to avoid the following sparse warnings:
arch/s390/kernel/setup.c:107:15: warning: symbol '__swsusp_reset_dma' was not declared. Should it be static?
arch/s390/boot/startup.c:52:15: warning: symbol '__swsusp_reset_dma' was not declared. Should it be static?
Add verify_facilities declaration to avoid the following sparse warning:
arch/s390/boot/als.c:105:6: warning: symbol 'verify_facilities' was not declared. Should it be static?
Include "boot.h" into arch/s390/boot/kaslr.c to expose get_random_base
function declaration and avoid the following sparse warning:
arch/s390/boot/kaslr.c:90:15: warning: symbol 'get_random_base' was not declared. Should it be static?
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Extend "parmarea" to include an offset of the version string, which is
stored as 8-byte big endian value.
To retrieve version string from bzImage reliably, one should check the
presence of "S390EP" ascii string at 0x10008 (available since v3.2),
then read the version string offset from 0x10428 (which has been 0
since v3.2 up to now). The string is null terminated.
Could be retrieved with the following "file" command magic (requires
file v5.34):
8 string \x02\x00\x00\x18\x60\x00\x00\x50\x02\x00\x00\x68\x60\x00\x00\x50\x40\x40\x40\x40\x40\x40\x40\x40 Linux S390
>0x10008 string S390EP
>>0x10428 bequad >0
>>>(0x10428.Q) string >\0 \b, version %s
Reported-by: Petr Tesarik <ptesarik@suse.com>
Suggested-by: Petr Tesarik <ptesarik@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Now that BIT() can be used from assembly code, we can safely replace
_BITUL() with equivalent BIT().
UAPI headers are still required to use _BITUL(), but there is no more
reason to use it in kernel headers. BIT() is shorter.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190609153941.17249-2-yamada.masahiro@socionext.com
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@synopsys.com>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This patch adds support for relocating the kernel to a random address.
The random kernel offset is obtained from cpacf, using either TRNG, PRNO,
or KMC_PRNG, depending on supported MSA level.
KERNELOFFSET is added to vmcoreinfo, for crash --kaslr support.
Signed-off-by: Gerald Schaefer <gerald.schaefer@de.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Philipp Rudo <prudo@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
The sccbs for init/read/sdias/early have to be located below 2 GB, and
they are currently defined as a static buffer.
With a relocatable kernel that could reside at any place in memory, this
will no longer guarantee the location below 2 GB, so use a dynamic
GFP_DMA allocation instead.
The sclp_early_sccb buffer needs special handling, as it can be used
very early, and by both the decompressor and also the decompressed
kernel. Therefore, a fixed 4 KB buffer is introduced at 0x11000, the
former PARMAREA_END. The new PARMAREA_END is now 0x12000, and it is
renamed to HEAD_END, as it is rather the end of head.S and not the end
of the parmarea.
Signed-off-by: Gerald Schaefer <gerald.schaefer@de.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Philipp Rudo <prudo@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Access the parmarea in head.S via a struct instead of individual offsets.
While at it make the fields in the parmarea .quads.
Signed-off-by: Philipp Rudo <prudo@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
To lower memory footprint and speed up kasan initialisation detect
EDAT availability and use large pages if possible. As we know how
much memory is needed for initialisation, another simplistic large
page allocator is introduced to avoid memory fragmentation.
Since facilities list is retrieved anyhow, detect noexec support and
adjust pages attributes. Handle noexec kernel option to avoid inconsistent
kasan shadow memory pages flags.
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Move memory detection to early boot phase. To store online memory
regions "struct mem_detect_info" has been introduced together with
for_each_mem_detect_block iterator. mem_detect_info is later converted
to memblock.
Also introduces sclp_early_get_meminfo function to get maximum physical
memory and maximum increment number.
Reviewed-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Since the plain vmlinux ELF file no longer carries all necessary parts
for starting up (like the entry point and decompressor), add a check
which would block boot process and encourage users to use bzImage or
arch/s390/boot/compressed/vmlinux instead.
The check relies on s390 linux entry point ABI definition, which is only
present in bzImage and arch/s390/boot/compressed/vmlinux.
Reported-by: Guenter Roeck <linux@roeck-us.net>
Tested-by: Guenter Roeck <linux@roeck-us.net>
Acked-by: Cornelia Huck <cohuck@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Introduce PARMAREA_END, and use it for memblock reserve of low
memory, which is used for lowcore, kdump data mover code and page
buffer, early stack and parmarea. There is no need to reserve an
area between PARMAREA_END and the decompressor _ehead.
Reviewed-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
kexec_file_load needs to prepare the new kernels before they are loaded.
For that it has to know the offsets in head.S, e.g. to register the new
command line. Unfortunately there are no macros right now defining those
offsets. Define them now.
Signed-off-by: Philipp Rudo <prudo@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
With the new macros for CPU alternatives the MACHINE_FLAG_LPP check
around the LPP instruction can be optimized. After this is done the
flag can be removed.
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
The hardware sampler creates samples that are processed at a later
point in time. The PID and TID values of the perf samples that are
created for hardware samples are initialized with values from the
current task. Hence, the PID and TID values are not correct and
perf samples are associated with wrong processes.
The PID and TID values are obtained from the Host Program Parameter
(HPP) field in the basic-sampling data entries. These PIDs are
valid in the init PID namespace. Ensure that the PIDs in the perf
samples are resolved considering the PID namespace in which the
perf event was created.
To correct the PID and TID values in the created perf samples,
a special overflow handler is installed. It replaces the default
overflow handler and does not become effective if any other
overflow handler is used. With the special overflow handler most
of the perf samples are associated with the right processes.
For processes, that are no longer exist, the association might
still be wrong.
Signed-off-by: Hendrik Brueckner <brueckner@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Pull s390 updates from Heiko Carstens:
"Since Martin is on vacation you get the s390 pull request for the
v4.15 merge window this time from me.
Besides a lot of cleanups and bug fixes these are the most important
changes:
- a new regset for runtime instrumentation registers
- hardware accelerated AES-GCM support for the aes_s390 module
- support for the new CEX6S crypto cards
- support for FORTIFY_SOURCE
- addition of missing z13 and new z14 instructions to the in-kernel
disassembler
- generate opcode tables for the in-kernel disassembler out of a
simple text file instead of having to manually maintain those
tables
- fast memset16, memset32 and memset64 implementations
- removal of named saved segment support
- hardware counter support for z14
- queued spinlocks and queued rwlocks implementations for s390
- use the stack_depth tracking feature for s390 BPF JIT
- a new s390_sthyi system call which emulates the sthyi (store
hypervisor information) instruction
- removal of the old KVM virtio transport
- an s390 specific CPU alternatives implementation which is used in
the new spinlock code"
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/s390/linux: (88 commits)
MAINTAINERS: add virtio-ccw.h to virtio/s390 section
s390/noexec: execute kexec datamover without DAT
s390: fix transactional execution control register handling
s390/bpf: take advantage of stack_depth tracking
s390: simplify transactional execution elf hwcap handling
s390/zcrypt: Rework struct ap_qact_ap_info.
s390/virtio: remove unused header file kvm_virtio.h
s390: avoid undefined behaviour
s390/disassembler: generate opcode tables from text file
s390/disassembler: remove insn_to_mnemonic()
s390/dasd: avoid calling do_gettimeofday()
s390: vfio-ccw: Do not attempt to free no-op, test and tic cda.
s390: remove named saved segment support
s390/archrandom: Reconsider s390 arch random implementation
s390/pci: do not require AIS facility
s390/qdio: sanitize put_indicator
s390/qdio: use atomic_cmpxchg
s390/nmi: avoid using long-displacement facility
s390: pass endianness info to sparse
s390/decompressor: remove informational messages
...
Remove the support to create a z/VM named saved segment (NSS). This
feature is not supported since quite a while in favour of jump labels,
function tracing and (now) CPU alternatives. All of these features
require to write to the kernel text section which is not possible if
the kernel is contained within an NSS.
Given that memory savings are minimal if kernel images are shared and
in addition updates of shared images are painful, the NSS feature can
be removed.
Reviewed-by: Hendrik Brueckner <brueckner@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.
By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.
Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.
This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.
How this work was done:
Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
- file had no licensing information it it.
- file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
- file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,
Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.
The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.
The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
- Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
- Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
lines of source
- File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
lines).
All documentation files were explicitly excluded.
The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.
- when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
COPYING file license applied.
For non */uapi/* files that summary was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 11139
and resulted in the first patch in this series.
If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930
and resulted in the second patch in this series.
- if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
it (per prior point). Results summary:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270
GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17
LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15
GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14
((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5
LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4
LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1
and that resulted in the third patch in this series.
- when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
the concluded license(s).
- when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.
- In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).
- When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
- If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
in time.
In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.
Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.
In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.
Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
- a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
license ids and scores
- reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
- reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
SPDX license was correct
This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.
These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
If memory is fragmented it is unlikely that large order memory
allocations succeed. This has been an issue with the vmcp device
driver since a long time, since it requires large physical contiguous
memory ares for large responses.
To hopefully resolve this issue make use of the contiguous memory
allocator (cma). This patch adds a vmcp specific vmcp cma area with a
default size of 4MB. The size can be changed either via the
VMCP_CMA_SIZE config option at compile time or with the "vmcp_cma"
kernel parameter (e.g. "vmcp_cma=16m").
For any vmcp response buffers larger than 16k memory from the cma area
will be allocated. If such an allocation fails, there is a fallback to
the buddy allocator.
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
