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10 Commits

Author SHA1 Message Date
Adrian Hunter
d5b1a5f660 x86/insn: perf tools: Add new ptwrite instruction 
Add ptwrite to the op code map and the perf tools new instructions test.
To run the test:

  $ tools/perf/perf test "x86 ins"
  39: Test x86 instruction decoder - new instructions          : Ok

Or to see the details:

  $ tools/perf/perf test -v "x86 ins" 2>&1 | grep ptwrite

For information about ptwrite, refer the Intel SDM.

Signed-off-by: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Acked-by: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1495180230-19367-1-git-send-email-adrian.hunter@intel.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
 2017-06-27 11:58:04 -03:00
Josh Poimboeuf
d1091c7fa3 objtool: Improve detection of BUG() and other dead ends 
The BUG() macro's use of __builtin_unreachable() via the unreachable()
macro tells gcc that the instruction is a dead end, and that it's safe
to assume the current code path will not execute past the previous
instruction.

On x86, the BUG() macro is implemented with the 'ud2' instruction.  When
objtool's branch analysis sees that instruction, it knows the current
code path has come to a dead end.

Peter Zijlstra has been working on a patch to change the WARN macros to
use 'ud2'.  That patch will break objtool's assumption that 'ud2' is
always a dead end.

Generally it's best for objtool to avoid making those kinds of
assumptions anyway.  The more ignorant it is of kernel code internals,
the better.

So create a more generic way for objtool to detect dead ends by adding
an annotation to the unreachable() macro.  The annotation stores a
pointer to the end of the unreachable code path in an '__unreachable'
section.  Objtool can read that section to find the dead ends.

Tested-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/41a6d33971462ebd944a1c60ad4bf5be86c17b77.1487712920.git.jpoimboe@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
 2017-02-24 09:10:52 +01:00
Jiri Slaby
b5b46c4740 objtool: Fix IRET's opcode 
The IRET opcode is 0xcf according to the Intel manual and also to objdump of my
vmlinux:

    1ea8:       48 cf                   iretq

Fix the opcode in arch_decode_instruction().

The previous value (0xc5) seems to correspond to LDS.

Signed-off-by: Jiri Slaby <jslaby@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Brian Gerst <brgerst@gmail.com>
Cc: Denys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@redhat.com>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170118132921.19319-1-jslaby@suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
 2017-01-19 08:39:44 +01:00
Jiri Slaby
69042bf200 objtool: Fix bytes check of lea's rex_prefix 
For the "lea %(rsp), %rbp" case, we check if there is a rex_prefix.
But we check 'bytes' which is insn_byte_t[4] in rex_prefix (insn_field
structure). Therefore, the check is always true.

Instead, check 'nbytes' which is the right one.

Signed-off-by: Jiri Slaby <jslaby@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Brian Gerst <brgerst@gmail.com>
Cc: Denys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@redhat.com>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20161205105551.25917-1-jslaby@suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
 2016-12-06 09:20:59 +01:00
Josh Poimboeuf
2cc17fda94 objtool: Support '-mtune=atom' stack frame setup instruction 
Arnd reported that enabling CONFIG_MATOM results in a bunch of objtool
false positive frame pointer warnings:

  arch/x86/events/intel/ds.o: warning: objtool: intel_pmu_pebs_del()+0x43: call without frame pointer save/setup
  security/keys/keyring.o: warning: objtool: keyring_read()+0x59: call without frame pointer save/setup
  kernel/signal.o: warning: objtool: __dequeue_signal()+0xd8: call without frame pointer save/setup
  ...

objtool gets confused by the fact that the '-mtune=atom' GCC option
sometimes uses 'lea (%rsp),%rbp' instead of 'mov %rsp,%rbp'.  The
instructions are effectively the same, but objtool doesn't know about
the 'lea' variant.

Fix the false warnings by adding support for 'lea (%rsp),%rbp' in the
objtool decoder.

Reported-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Signed-off-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Brian Gerst <brgerst@gmail.com>
Cc: Denys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@redhat.com>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
 2016-10-11 10:35:45 +02:00
Linus Torvalds
228ffba23e Merge branch 'core-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip 
Pull misc fixes from Thomas Gleixner:
 "This update contains:

   - a fix for stomp-machine so the nmi_watchdog wont trigger on the cpu
     waiting for the others to execute the callback

   - various fixes and updates to objtool including an resync of the
     instruction decoder to match the kernel's decoder"

* 'core-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  objtool: Un-capitalize "Warning" for out-of-sync instruction decoder
  objtool: Resync x86 instruction decoder with the kernel's
  objtool: Support new GCC 6 switch jump table pattern
  stop_machine: Touch_nmi_watchdog() after MULTI_STOP_PREPARE
  objtool: Add 'fixdep' to objtool/.gitignore
 2016-07-30 11:54:53 -07:00
Josh Poimboeuf
8d94c2f919 objtool: Resync x86 instruction decoder with the kernel's 
This fixes the following warning:

  Warning: objtool: x86 instruction decoder differs from kernel

Unfortunately we have three identical copies of the x86 instruction
decoder in the kernel tree that have to be manually kept in sync.

It's on my TODO list to at least library-ize the ones in the tools
subdir so we'd only have two of them instead of three.  In the meantime,
here's another manual sync.

Reported-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Brian Gerst <brgerst@gmail.com>
Cc: Denys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@redhat.com>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Fixes: c61f4d5eba ("perf tools: Add AVX-512 support to the instruction decoder used by Intel PT")
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/d7f74b4d91fed25b0be33cd5c86f5131fa1a7529.1469751119.git.jpoimboe@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
 2016-07-29 16:57:16 +02:00
Dan Williams
fd1d961dd6 x86/insn: remove pcommit 
The pcommit instruction is being deprecated in favor of either ADR
(asynchronous DRAM refresh: flush-on-power-fail) at the platform level, or
posted-write-queue flush addresses as defined by the ACPI 6.x NFIT (NVDIMM
Firmware Interface Table).

Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: x86@kernel.org
Cc: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@kernel.org>
Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Xiao Guangrong <guangrong.xiao@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Cc: Ross Zwisler <ross.zwisler@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
 2016-07-23 11:04:23 -07:00
Josh Poimboeuf
19072f23d1 x86/asm/decoder: Use explicitly signed chars 
When running objtool on a ppc64le host to analyze x86 binaries, it
reports a lot of false warnings like:

  ipc/compat_mq.o: warning: objtool: compat_SyS_mq_open()+0x91: can't find jump dest instruction at .text+0x3a5

The warnings are caused by the x86 instruction decoder setting the wrong
value for the jump instruction's immediate field because it assumes that
"char == signed char", which isn't true for all architectures.  When
converting char to int, gcc sign-extends on x86 but doesn't sign-extend
on ppc64le.

According to the gcc man page, that's a feature, not a bug:

  > Each kind of machine has a default for what "char" should be.  It is
  > either like "unsigned char" by default or like "signed char" by
  > default.
  >
  > Ideally, a portable program should always use "signed char" or
  > "unsigned char" when it depends on the signedness of an object.

Conform to the "standards" by changing the "char" casts to "signed
char".  This results in no actual changes to the object code on x86.

Note: the x86 decoder now lives in three different locations in the
kernel tree, which are all kept in sync via makefile checks and
warnings: in-kernel, perf, and objtool.  This fixes all three locations.
Eventually we should probably try to at least converge the two separate
"tools" locations into a single shared location.

Signed-off-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com>
Cc: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Masami Hiramatsu <masami.hiramatsu.pt@hitachi.com>
Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/9dd4161719b20e6def9564646d68bfbe498c549f.1456962210.git.jpoimboe@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
 2016-03-03 16:13:00 +01:00
Josh Poimboeuf
442f04c34a objtool: Add tool to perform compile-time stack metadata validation 
This adds a host tool named objtool which has a "check" subcommand which
analyzes .o files to ensure the validity of stack metadata.  It enforces
a set of rules on asm code and C inline assembly code so that stack
traces can be reliable.

For each function, it recursively follows all possible code paths and
validates the correct frame pointer state at each instruction.

It also follows code paths involving kernel special sections, like
.altinstructions, __jump_table, and __ex_table, which can add
alternative execution paths to a given instruction (or set of
instructions).  Similarly, it knows how to follow switch statements, for
which gcc sometimes uses jump tables.

Here are some of the benefits of validating stack metadata:

a) More reliable stack traces for frame pointer enabled kernels

   Frame pointers are used for debugging purposes.  They allow runtime
   code and debug tools to be able to walk the stack to determine the
   chain of function call sites that led to the currently executing
   code.

   For some architectures, frame pointers are enabled by
   CONFIG_FRAME_POINTER.  For some other architectures they may be
   required by the ABI (sometimes referred to as "backchain pointers").

   For C code, gcc automatically generates instructions for setting up
   frame pointers when the -fno-omit-frame-pointer option is used.

   But for asm code, the frame setup instructions have to be written by
   hand, which most people don't do.  So the end result is that
   CONFIG_FRAME_POINTER is honored for C code but not for most asm code.

   For stack traces based on frame pointers to be reliable, all
   functions which call other functions must first create a stack frame
   and update the frame pointer.  If a first function doesn't properly
   create a stack frame before calling a second function, the *caller*
   of the first function will be skipped on the stack trace.

   For example, consider the following example backtrace with frame
   pointers enabled:

     [<ffffffff81812584>] dump_stack+0x4b/0x63
     [<ffffffff812d6dc2>] cmdline_proc_show+0x12/0x30
     [<ffffffff8127f568>] seq_read+0x108/0x3e0
     [<ffffffff812cce62>] proc_reg_read+0x42/0x70
     [<ffffffff81256197>] __vfs_read+0x37/0x100
     [<ffffffff81256b16>] vfs_read+0x86/0x130
     [<ffffffff81257898>] SyS_read+0x58/0xd0
     [<ffffffff8181c1f2>] entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath+0x12/0x76

   It correctly shows that the caller of cmdline_proc_show() is
   seq_read().

   If we remove the frame pointer logic from cmdline_proc_show() by
   replacing the frame pointer related instructions with nops, here's
   what it looks like instead:

     [<ffffffff81812584>] dump_stack+0x4b/0x63
     [<ffffffff812d6dc2>] cmdline_proc_show+0x12/0x30
     [<ffffffff812cce62>] proc_reg_read+0x42/0x70
     [<ffffffff81256197>] __vfs_read+0x37/0x100
     [<ffffffff81256b16>] vfs_read+0x86/0x130
     [<ffffffff81257898>] SyS_read+0x58/0xd0
     [<ffffffff8181c1f2>] entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath+0x12/0x76

   Notice that cmdline_proc_show()'s caller, seq_read(), has been
   skipped.  Instead the stack trace seems to show that
   cmdline_proc_show() was called by proc_reg_read().

   The benefit of "objtool check" here is that because it ensures that
   *all* functions honor CONFIG_FRAME_POINTER, no functions will ever[*]
   be skipped on a stack trace.

   [*] unless an interrupt or exception has occurred at the very
       beginning of a function before the stack frame has been created,
       or at the very end of the function after the stack frame has been
       destroyed.  This is an inherent limitation of frame pointers.

b) 100% reliable stack traces for DWARF enabled kernels

   This is not yet implemented.  For more details about what is planned,
   see tools/objtool/Documentation/stack-validation.txt.

c) Higher live patching compatibility rate

   This is not yet implemented.  For more details about what is planned,
   see tools/objtool/Documentation/stack-validation.txt.

To achieve the validation, "objtool check" enforces the following rules:

1. Each callable function must be annotated as such with the ELF
   function type.  In asm code, this is typically done using the
   ENTRY/ENDPROC macros.  If objtool finds a return instruction
   outside of a function, it flags an error since that usually indicates
   callable code which should be annotated accordingly.

   This rule is needed so that objtool can properly identify each
   callable function in order to analyze its stack metadata.

2. Conversely, each section of code which is *not* callable should *not*
   be annotated as an ELF function.  The ENDPROC macro shouldn't be used
   in this case.

   This rule is needed so that objtool can ignore non-callable code.
   Such code doesn't have to follow any of the other rules.

3. Each callable function which calls another function must have the
   correct frame pointer logic, if required by CONFIG_FRAME_POINTER or
   the architecture's back chain rules.  This can by done in asm code
   with the FRAME_BEGIN/FRAME_END macros.

   This rule ensures that frame pointer based stack traces will work as
   designed.  If function A doesn't create a stack frame before calling
   function B, the _caller_ of function A will be skipped on the stack
   trace.

4. Dynamic jumps and jumps to undefined symbols are only allowed if:

   a) the jump is part of a switch statement; or

   b) the jump matches sibling call semantics and the frame pointer has
      the same value it had on function entry.

   This rule is needed so that objtool can reliably analyze all of a
   function's code paths.  If a function jumps to code in another file,
   and it's not a sibling call, objtool has no way to follow the jump
   because it only analyzes a single file at a time.

5. A callable function may not execute kernel entry/exit instructions.
   The only code which needs such instructions is kernel entry code,
   which shouldn't be be in callable functions anyway.

   This rule is just a sanity check to ensure that callable functions
   return normally.

It currently only supports x86_64.  I tried to make the code generic so
that support for other architectures can hopefully be plugged in
relatively easily.

On my Lenovo laptop with a i7-4810MQ 4-core/8-thread CPU, building the
kernel with objtool checking every .o file adds about three seconds of
total build time.  It hasn't been optimized for performance yet, so
there are probably some opportunities for better build performance.

Signed-off-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@kernel.org>
Cc: Bernd Petrovitsch <bernd@petrovitsch.priv.at>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Chris J Arges <chris.j.arges@canonical.com>
Cc: Jiri Slaby <jslaby@suse.cz>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.cz>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com>
Cc: Pedro Alves <palves@redhat.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: live-patching@vger.kernel.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/f3efb173de43bd067b060de73f856567c0fa1174.1456719558.git.jpoimboe@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
 2016-02-29 08:35:12 +01:00