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Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.
By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.
Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.
This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.
How this work was done:
Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
- file had no licensing information it it.
- file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
- file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,
Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.
The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.
The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
- Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
- Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
lines of source
- File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
lines).
All documentation files were explicitly excluded.
The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.
- when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
COPYING file license applied.
For non */uapi/* files that summary was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 11139
and resulted in the first patch in this series.
If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930
and resulted in the second patch in this series.
- if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
it (per prior point). Results summary:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270
GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17
LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15
GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14
((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5
LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4
LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1
and that resulted in the third patch in this series.
- when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
the concluded license(s).
- when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.
- In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).
- When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
- If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
in time.
In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.
Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.
In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.
Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
- a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
license ids and scores
- reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
- reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
SPDX license was correct
This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.
These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Adding dump_read function to gather all the dump output of read
function. Adding output of enabled and running times and id if enabled
(3 new lines with '...' prefix below).
$ perf record -s ...
$ perf report -D
958358311769 0x91f8 [0x40]: PERF_RECORD_READ: 3339 3339 cycles:u 0
... time enabled : 958358313731
... time running : 958358313731
... id : 80
Committer note:
Do not use 'read' as a variable name as it breaks the build on older
systems, such as RHEL6:
CC /tmp/build/perf/util/session.o
cc1: warnings being treated as errors
util/session.c: In function 'dump_read':
util/session.c:1132: error: declaration of 'read' shadows a global declaration
/usr/include/bits/unistd.h:35: error: shadowed declaration is here
mv: cannot stat `/tmp/build/perf/util/.session.o.tmp': No such file or directory
Signed-off-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170824162737.7813-6-jolsa@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
perf record -b -g <command>
perf report --branch-history
This merges the LBRs with the callgraphs.
However it would be nice if it also works without callgraphs (-g) set in
perf record, so that only the LBRs are displayed. But currently perf
report errors in this case. For example,
perf record -b <command>
perf report --branch-history
Error:
Selected -g or --branch-history but no callchain data. Did
you call 'perf record' without -g?
This patch displays the LBRs only even if callgraphs(-g) is not enabled
in perf record.
Change log:
v2: According to Milian Wolff's comment, change the obsolete error
message. Now the error message is:
┌─Error:─────────────────────────────────────┐
│Selected -g or --branch-history. │
│But no callchain or branch data. │
│Did you call 'perf record' without -g or -b?│
│ │
│ │
│Press any key... │
└────────────────────────────────────────────┘
When passing the last parameter to hists__fprintf,
changes "|" to "||".
hists__fprintf(hists, !quiet, 0, 0, rep->min_percent, stdout,
symbol_conf.use_callchain || symbol_conf.show_branchflag_count);
Signed-off-by: Yao Jin <yao.jin@linux.intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Kan Liang <kan.liang@intel.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1494240182-28899-1-git-send-email-yao.jin@linux.intel.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Show the branch type statistics at the end of perf report --stdio.
For example:
perf report --stdio
COND_FWD: 28.5%
COND_BWD: 9.4%
CROSS_4K: 0.7%
CROSS_2M: 14.1%
COND: 37.9%
UNCOND: 0.2%
IND: 6.7%
CALL: 26.5%
RET: 28.7%
SYSRET: 0.0%
The branch types are:
COND_FWD: conditional forward
COND_BWD: conditional backward
COND: conditional branch
UNCOND: unconditional branch
IND: indirect
CALL: function call
IND_CALL: indirect function call
RET: function return
SYSCALL: syscall
SYSRET: syscall return
COND_CALL: conditional function call
COND_RET: conditional function return
CROSS_4K and CROSS_2M:
They are the metrics checking for branches cross 4K or 2MB pages.
It's an approximate computing. We don't know if the area is 4K or
2MB, so always compute both.
To make the output simple, if a branch crosses 2M area, CROSS_4K
will not be incremented.
Change log
v7: Since the common branch type definitions are changed, some
tags/strings are updated accordingly.
v6: Remove branch_type_stat_display() since it's moved to branch.c.
v5: Remove the unnecessary sort__mode checking in
hist_iter__branch_callback().
v4: Comparing to previous version, the major changes are:
Add the computing of JCC forward/JCC backward and cross page checking
by using the from and to addresses.
Signed-off-by: Yao Jin <yao.jin@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Kan Liang <kan.liang@intel.com>
Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1500379995-6449-7-git-send-email-yao.jin@linux.intel.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Add header record types to pipe-mode, reusing the functions
used in file-mode and leveraging the new struct feat_fd.
For alignment, check that synthesized events don't exceed
pagesize.
Add the perf_event__synthesize_feature event call back to
process the new header records.
Before this patch:
$ perf record -o - -e cycles sleep 1 | perf report --stdio --header
[ perf record: Woken up 1 times to write data ]
[ perf record: Captured and wrote 0.000 MB - ]
...
After this patch:
$ perf record -o - -e cycles sleep 1 | perf report --stdio --header
# ========
# captured on: Mon May 22 16:33:43 2017
# ========
#
# hostname : my_hostname
# os release : 4.11.0-dbx-up_perf
# perf version : 4.11.rc6.g6277c80
# arch : x86_64
# nrcpus online : 72
# nrcpus avail : 72
# cpudesc : Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2696 v3 @ 2.30GHz
# cpuid : GenuineIntel,6,63,2
# total memory : 263457192 kB
# cmdline : /root/perf record -o - -e cycles -c 100000 sleep 1
# HEADER_CPU_TOPOLOGY info available, use -I to display
# HEADER_NUMA_TOPOLOGY info available, use -I to display
# pmu mappings: intel_bts = 6, uncore_imc_4 = 22, uncore_sbox_1 = 47, uncore_cbox_5 = 33, uncore_ha_0 = 16, uncore_cbox
[ perf record: Woken up 1 times to write data ]
[ perf record: Captured and wrote 0.000 MB - ]
...
Support added for the subcommands: report, inject, annotate and script.
Signed-off-by: David Carrillo-Cisneros <davidcc@google.com>
Acked-by: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: He Kuang <hekuang@huawei.com>
Cc: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Paul Turner <pjt@google.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Simon Que <sque@chromium.org>
Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Cc: Wang Nan <wangnan0@huawei.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170718042549.145161-16-davidcc@google.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Introduce a new option to record PERF_RECORD_NAMESPACES events emitted
by the kernel when fork, clone, setns or unshare are invoked. And update
perf-record documentation with the new option to record namespace
events.
Committer notes:
Combined it with a later patch to allow printing it via 'perf report -D'
and be able to test the feature introduced in this patch. Had to move
here also perf_ns__name(), that was introduced in another later patch.
Also used PRIu64 and PRIx64 to fix the build in some enfironments wrt:
util/event.c:1129:39: error: format '%lx' expects argument of type 'long unsigned int', but argument 6 has type 'long long unsigned int' [-Werror=format=]
ret += fprintf(fp, "%u/%s: %lu/0x%lx%s", idx
^
Testing it:
# perf record --namespaces -a
^C[ perf record: Woken up 1 times to write data ]
[ perf record: Captured and wrote 1.083 MB perf.data (423 samples) ]
#
# perf report -D
<SNIP>
3 2028902078892 0x115140 [0xa0]: PERF_RECORD_NAMESPACES 14783/14783 - nr_namespaces: 7
[0/net: 3/0xf0000081, 1/uts: 3/0xeffffffe, 2/ipc: 3/0xefffffff, 3/pid: 3/0xeffffffc,
4/user: 3/0xeffffffd, 5/mnt: 3/0xf0000000, 6/cgroup: 3/0xeffffffb]
0x1151e0 [0x30]: event: 9
.
. ... raw event: size 48 bytes
. 0000: 09 00 00 00 02 00 30 00 c4 71 82 68 0c 7f 00 00 ......0..q.h....
. 0010: a9 39 00 00 a9 39 00 00 94 28 fe 63 d8 01 00 00 .9...9...(.c....
. 0020: 03 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ce c4 02 00 00 00 00 00 ................
<SNIP>
NAMESPACES events: 1
<SNIP>
#
Signed-off-by: Hari Bathini <hbathini@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Tested-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@fb.com>
Cc: Ananth N Mavinakayanahalli <ananth@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Aravinda Prasad <aravinda@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Brendan Gregg <brendan.d.gregg@gmail.com>
Cc: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Cc: Eric Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Sargun Dhillon <sargun@sargun.me>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/148891930386.25309.18412039920746995488.stgit@hbathini.in.ibm.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
The tip message at the end was printed regardless of the -q option.
Originally, the message suggested only '-s comm,dso' option for higher
level view when no sort option and parent option were given.
Now it shows random help message regardless of the options so the
condition can be simplified to honor the -q option.
Committer notes:
Before:
$ perf report --stdio -q
42.77% ls ls [.] _init
13.21% ls ld-2.24.so [.] match_symbol
12.55% ls libc-2.24.so [.] __strcoll_l
11.94% ls libc-2.24.so [.] _init
#
# (Tip: Show current config key-value pairs: perf config --list)
#
$
After:
$ perf report --stdio -q
42.77% ls ls [.] _init
13.21% ls ld-2.24.so [.] match_symbol
12.55% ls libc-2.24.so [.] __strcoll_l
11.94% ls libc-2.24.so [.] _init
$
We still have those two extra lines tho (that git commit insists in
turning into one, or git commit --amend doesn't make me add), food for
another patch...
Reported-and-Tested-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: kernel-team@lge.com
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170307150851.22304-2-namhyung@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Previously these were being ignored, sometimes silently.
Stop doing that, emitting debug messages and handling the errors.
Testing it:
$ cat ~/.perfconfig
cat: /home/acme/.perfconfig: No such file or directory
$ perf stat -e cycles usleep 1
Performance counter stats for 'usleep 1':
938,996 cycles:u
0.003813731 seconds time elapsed
$ perf top --stdio
Error:
You may not have permission to collect system-wide stats.
Consider tweaking /proc/sys/kernel/perf_event_paranoid,
<SNIP>
[ perf record: Captured and wrote 0.019 MB perf.data (7 samples) ]
[acme@jouet linux]$ perf report --stdio
# To display the perf.data header info, please use --header/--header-only options.
# Overhead Command Shared Object Symbol
# ........ ....... ................. .........................
71.77% usleep libc-2.24.so [.] _dl_addr
27.07% usleep ld-2.24.so [.] _dl_next_ld_env_entry
1.13% usleep [kernel.kallsyms] [k] page_fault
$
$ touch ~/.perfconfig
$ ls -la ~/.perfconfig
-rw-rw-r--. 1 acme acme 0 Jan 27 12:14 /home/acme/.perfconfig
$
$ perf stat -e instructions usleep 1
Performance counter stats for 'usleep 1':
244,610 instructions:u
0.000805383 seconds time elapsed
$
[root@jouet ~]# chown acme.acme ~/.perfconfig
[root@jouet ~]# perf stat -e cycles usleep 1
Warning: File /root/.perfconfig not owned by current user or root, ignoring it.
Performance counter stats for 'usleep 1':
937,615 cycles
0.000836931 seconds time elapsed
#
Cc: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Cc: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Wang Nan <wangnan0@huawei.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/n/tip-j2rq96so6xdqlr8p8rd6a3jx@git.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
The --hierarchy option is to show output in hierarchy mode. It extends
folding/unfolding in the TUI and GTK browsers to support sort items as
well as callchains. Users can toggle the items to see the performance
result at wanted level.
$ perf report --hierarchy --tui
Overhead Command / Shared Object / Symbol
--------------------------------------------------
+ 32.96% gnome-shell
- 15.11% swapper
- 14.97% [kernel.vmlinux]
6.82% [k] intel_idle
0.66% [k] menu_select
0.43% [k] __hrtimer_start_range_ns
...
Signed-off-by: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Cc: Wang Nan <wangnan0@huawei.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1456326830-30456-17-git-send-email-namhyung@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
