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Its a bit odd that debugfs_create_bool() takes 'u32 *' as an argument,
when all it needs is a boolean pointer.
It would be better to update this API to make it accept 'bool *'
instead, as that will make it more consistent and often more convenient.
Over that bool takes just a byte.
That required updates to all user sites as well, in the same commit
updating the API. regmap core was also using
debugfs_{read|write}_file_bool(), directly and variable types were
updated for that to be bool as well.
Signed-off-by: Viresh Kumar <viresh.kumar@linaro.org>
Acked-by: Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Charles Keepax <ckeepax@opensource.wolfsonmicro.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Merge second patch-bomb from Andrew Morton:
"Almost all of the rest of MM. There was an unusually large amount of
MM material this time"
* emailed patches from Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>: (141 commits)
zpool: remove no-op module init/exit
mm: zbud: constify the zbud_ops
mm: zpool: constify the zpool_ops
mm: swap: zswap: maybe_preload & refactoring
zram: unify error reporting
zsmalloc: remove null check from destroy_handle_cache()
zsmalloc: do not take class lock in zs_shrinker_count()
zsmalloc: use class->pages_per_zspage
zsmalloc: consider ZS_ALMOST_FULL as migrate source
zsmalloc: partial page ordering within a fullness_list
zsmalloc: use shrinker to trigger auto-compaction
zsmalloc: account the number of compacted pages
zsmalloc/zram: introduce zs_pool_stats api
zsmalloc: cosmetic compaction code adjustments
zsmalloc: introduce zs_can_compact() function
zsmalloc: always keep per-class stats
zsmalloc: drop unused variable `nr_to_migrate'
mm/memblock.c: fix comment in __next_mem_range()
mm/page_alloc.c: fix type information of memoryless node
memory-hotplug: fix comments in zone_spanned_pages_in_node() and zone_spanned_pages_in_node()
...
For a memoryless node, the output of get_pfn_range_for_nid are all zero.
It will display mem from 0 to -1.
Signed-off-by: Zhen Lei <thunder.leizhen@huawei.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When hot adding a node from add_memory(), we will add memblock first, so
the node is not empty. But when called from cpu_up(), the node should
be empty.
Signed-off-by: Xishi Qiu <qiuxishi@huawei.com>
Cc: Tang Chen <tangchen@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Taku Izumi <izumi.taku@jp.fujitsu.com>\
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
We use sysctl_lowmem_reserve_ratio rather than
sysctl_lower_zone_reserve_ratio to determine how aggressive the kernel
is in defending lowmem from the possibility of being captured into
pinned user memory. To avoid misleading, correct it in some comments.
Signed-off-by: Yaowei Bai <bywxiaobai@163.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The comment says that the per-cpu batchsize and zone watermarks are
determined by present_pages which is definitely wrong, they are both
calculated from managed_pages. Fix it.
Signed-off-by: Yaowei Bai <bywxiaobai@163.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
alloc_pages_exact_node() was introduced in commit 6484eb3e2a ("page
allocator: do not check NUMA node ID when the caller knows the node is
valid") as an optimized variant of alloc_pages_node(), that doesn't
fallback to current node for nid == NUMA_NO_NODE. Unfortunately the
name of the function can easily suggest that the allocation is
restricted to the given node and fails otherwise. In truth, the node is
only preferred, unless __GFP_THISNODE is passed among the gfp flags.
The misleading name has lead to mistakes in the past, see for example
commits 5265047ac3 ("mm, thp: really limit transparent hugepage
allocation to local node") and b360edb43f ("mm, mempolicy:
migrate_to_node should only migrate to node").
Another issue with the name is that there's a family of
alloc_pages_exact*() functions where 'exact' means exact size (instead
of page order), which leads to more confusion.
To prevent further mistakes, this patch effectively renames
alloc_pages_exact_node() to __alloc_pages_node() to better convey that
it's an optimized variant of alloc_pages_node() not intended for general
usage. Both functions get described in comments.
It has been also considered to really provide a convenience function for
allocations restricted to a node, but the major opinion seems to be that
__GFP_THISNODE already provides that functionality and we shouldn't
duplicate the API needlessly. The number of users would be small
anyway.
Existing callers of alloc_pages_exact_node() are simply converted to
call __alloc_pages_node(), with the exception of sba_alloc_coherent()
which open-codes the check for NUMA_NO_NODE, so it is converted to use
alloc_pages_node() instead. This means it no longer performs some
VM_BUG_ON checks, and since the current check for nid in
alloc_pages_node() uses a 'nid < 0' comparison (which includes
NUMA_NO_NODE), it may hide wrong values which would be previously
exposed.
Both differences will be rectified by the next patch.
To sum up, this patch makes no functional changes, except temporarily
hiding potentially buggy callers. Restricting the checks in
alloc_pages_node() is left for the next patch which can in turn expose
more existing buggy callers.
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Robin Holt <robinmholt@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Acked-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Cc: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Fenghua Yu <fenghua.yu@intel.com>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Gleb Natapov <gleb@kernel.org>
Cc: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Cliff Whickman <cpw@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The pair of get/set_freepage_migratetype() functions are used to cache
pageblock migratetype for a page put on a pcplist, so that it does not
have to be retrieved again when the page is put on a free list (e.g.
when pcplists become full). Historically it was also assumed that the
value is accurate for pages on freelists (as the functions' names
unfortunately suggest), but that cannot be guaranteed without affecting
various allocator fast paths. It is in fact not needed and all such
uses have been removed.
The last remaining (but pointless) usage related to pages of freelists
is in move_freepages(), which this patch removes.
To prevent further confusion, rename the functions to
get/set_pcppage_migratetype() and expand their description. Since all
the users are now in mm/page_alloc.c, move the functions there from the
shared header.
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Acked-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Laura Abbott <lauraa@codeaurora.org>
Reviewed-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Seungho Park <seungho1.park@lge.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The __test_page_isolated_in_pageblock() is used to verify whether all
pages in pageblock were either successfully isolated, or are hwpoisoned.
Two of the possible state of pages, that are tested, are however bogus
and misleading.
Both tests rely on get_freepage_migratetype(page), which however has no
guarantees about pages on freelists. Specifically, it doesn't guarantee
that the migratetype returned by the function actually matches the
migratetype of the freelist that the page is on. Such guarantee is not
its purpose and would have negative impact on allocator performance.
The first test checks whether the freepage_migratetype equals
MIGRATE_ISOLATE, supposedly to catch races between page isolation and
allocator activity. These races should be fixed nowadays with
51bb1a4093 ("mm/page_alloc: add freepage on isolate pageblock to correct
buddy list") and related patches. As explained above, the check
wouldn't be able to catch them reliably anyway. For the same reason
false positives can happen, although they are harmless, as the
move_freepages() call would just move the page to the same freelist it's
already on. So removing the test is not a bug fix, just cleanup. After
this patch, we assume that all PageBuddy pages are on the correct
freelist and that the races were really fixed. A truly reliable
verification in the form of e.g. VM_BUG_ON() would be complicated and
is arguably not needed.
The second test (page_count(page) == 0 && get_freepage_migratetype(page)
== MIGRATE_ISOLATE) is probably supposed (the code comes from a big
memory isolation patch from 2007) to catch pages on MIGRATE_ISOLATE
pcplists. However, pcplists don't contain MIGRATE_ISOLATE freepages
nowadays, those are freed directly to free lists, so the check is
obsolete. Remove it as well.
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com>
Cc: Laura Abbott <lauraa@codeaurora.org>
Reviewed-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Seungho Park <seungho1.park@lge.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The force_kill member of struct oom_control isn't needed if an order of -1
is used instead. This is the same as order == -1 in struct
compact_control which requires full memory compaction.
This patch introduces no functional change.
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky.work@gmail.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
There are essential elements to an oom context that are passed around to
multiple functions.
Organize these elements into a new struct, struct oom_control, that
specifies the context for an oom condition.
This patch introduces no functional change.
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky.work@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Commit febd5949e1 ("mm/memory hotplug: init the zone's size when
calculating node totalpages") refines the function
free_area_init_core().
After doing so, these two parameters are not used anymore.
This patch removes these two parameters.
Signed-off-by: Wei Yang <weiyang@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Gu Zheng <guz.fnst@cn.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
nr_node_ids records the highest possible node id, which is calculated by
scanning the bitmap node_states[N_POSSIBLE]. Current implementation
scan the bitmap from the beginning, which will scan the whole bitmap.
This patch reverses the order by scanning from the end with
find_last_bit().
Signed-off-by: Wei Yang <weiyang@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
1/ Introduce ZONE_DEVICE and devm_memremap_pages() as a generic
mechanism for adding device-driver-discovered memory regions to the
kernel's direct map. This facility is used by the pmem driver to
enable pfn_to_page() operations on the page frames returned by DAX
('direct_access' in 'struct block_device_operations'). For now, the
'memmap' allocation for these "device" pages comes from "System
RAM". Support for allocating the memmap from device memory will
arrive in a later kernel.
2/ Introduce memremap() to replace usages of ioremap_cache() and
ioremap_wt(). memremap() drops the __iomem annotation for these
mappings to memory that do not have i/o side effects. The
replacement of ioremap_cache() with memremap() is limited to the
pmem driver to ease merging the api change in v4.3. Completion of
the conversion is targeted for v4.4.
3/ Similar to the usage of memcpy_to_pmem() + wmb_pmem() in the pmem
driver, update the VFS DAX implementation and PMEM api to provide
persistence guarantees for kernel operations on a DAX mapping.
4/ Convert the ACPI NFIT 'BLK' driver to map the block apertures as
cacheable to improve performance.
5/ Miscellaneous updates and fixes to libnvdimm including support
for issuing "address range scrub" commands, clarifying the optimal
'sector size' of pmem devices, a clarification of the usage of the
ACPI '_STA' (status) property for DIMM devices, and other minor
fixes.
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Merge tag 'libnvdimm-for-4.3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/nvdimm/nvdimm
Pull libnvdimm updates from Dan Williams:
"This update has successfully completed a 0day-kbuild run and has
appeared in a linux-next release. The changes outside of the typical
drivers/nvdimm/ and drivers/acpi/nfit.[ch] paths are related to the
removal of IORESOURCE_CACHEABLE, the introduction of memremap(), and
the introduction of ZONE_DEVICE + devm_memremap_pages().
Summary:
- Introduce ZONE_DEVICE and devm_memremap_pages() as a generic
mechanism for adding device-driver-discovered memory regions to the
kernel's direct map.
This facility is used by the pmem driver to enable pfn_to_page()
operations on the page frames returned by DAX ('direct_access' in
'struct block_device_operations').
For now, the 'memmap' allocation for these "device" pages comes
from "System RAM". Support for allocating the memmap from device
memory will arrive in a later kernel.
- Introduce memremap() to replace usages of ioremap_cache() and
ioremap_wt(). memremap() drops the __iomem annotation for these
mappings to memory that do not have i/o side effects. The
replacement of ioremap_cache() with memremap() is limited to the
pmem driver to ease merging the api change in v4.3.
Completion of the conversion is targeted for v4.4.
- Similar to the usage of memcpy_to_pmem() + wmb_pmem() in the pmem
driver, update the VFS DAX implementation and PMEM api to provide
persistence guarantees for kernel operations on a DAX mapping.
- Convert the ACPI NFIT 'BLK' driver to map the block apertures as
cacheable to improve performance.
- Miscellaneous updates and fixes to libnvdimm including support for
issuing "address range scrub" commands, clarifying the optimal
'sector size' of pmem devices, a clarification of the usage of the
ACPI '_STA' (status) property for DIMM devices, and other minor
fixes"
* tag 'libnvdimm-for-4.3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/nvdimm/nvdimm: (34 commits)
libnvdimm, pmem: direct map legacy pmem by default
libnvdimm, pmem: 'struct page' for pmem
libnvdimm, pfn: 'struct page' provider infrastructure
x86, pmem: clarify that ARCH_HAS_PMEM_API implies PMEM mapped WB
add devm_memremap_pages
mm: ZONE_DEVICE for "device memory"
mm: move __phys_to_pfn and __pfn_to_phys to asm/generic/memory_model.h
dax: drop size parameter to ->direct_access()
nd_blk: change aperture mapping from WC to WB
nvdimm: change to use generic kvfree()
pmem, dax: have direct_access use __pmem annotation
dax: update I/O path to do proper PMEM flushing
pmem: add copy_from_iter_pmem() and clear_pmem()
pmem, x86: clean up conditional pmem includes
pmem: remove layer when calling arch_has_wmb_pmem()
pmem, x86: move x86 PMEM API to new pmem.h header
libnvdimm, e820: make CONFIG_X86_PMEM_LEGACY a tristate option
pmem: switch to devm_ allocations
devres: add devm_memremap
libnvdimm, btt: write and validate parent_uuid
...
While pmem is usable as a block device or via DAX mappings to userspace
there are several usage scenarios that can not target pmem due to its
lack of struct page coverage. In preparation for "hot plugging" pmem
into the vmemmap add ZONE_DEVICE as a new zone to tag these pages
separately from the ones that are subject to standard page allocations.
Importantly "device memory" can be removed at will by userspace
unbinding the driver of the device.
Having a separate zone prevents allocation and otherwise marks these
pages that are distinct from typical uniform memory. Device memory has
different lifetime and performance characteristics than RAM. However,
since we have run out of ZONES_SHIFT bits this functionality currently
depends on sacrificing ZONE_DMA.
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Jerome Glisse <j.glisse@gmail.com>
[hch: various simplifications in the arch interface]
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Commit c48a11c7ad ("netvm: propagate page->pfmemalloc to skb") added
checks for page->pfmemalloc to __skb_fill_page_desc():
if (page->pfmemalloc && !page->mapping)
skb->pfmemalloc = true;
It assumes page->mapping == NULL implies that page->pfmemalloc can be
trusted. However, __delete_from_page_cache() can set set page->mapping
to NULL and leave page->index value alone. Due to being in union, a
non-zero page->index will be interpreted as true page->pfmemalloc.
So the assumption is invalid if the networking code can see such a page.
And it seems it can. We have encountered this with a NFS over loopback
setup when such a page is attached to a new skbuf. There is no copying
going on in this case so the page confuses __skb_fill_page_desc which
interprets the index as pfmemalloc flag and the network stack drops
packets that have been allocated using the reserves unless they are to
be queued on sockets handling the swapping which is the case here and
that leads to hangs when the nfs client waits for a response from the
server which has been dropped and thus never arrive.
The struct page is already heavily packed so rather than finding another
hole to put it in, let's do a trick instead. We can reuse the index
again but define it to an impossible value (-1UL). This is the page
index so it should never see the value that large. Replace all direct
users of page->pfmemalloc by page_is_pfmemalloc which will hide this
nastiness from unspoiled eyes.
The information will get lost if somebody wants to use page->index
obviously but that was the case before and the original code expected
that the information should be persisted somewhere else if that is
really needed (e.g. what SLAB and SLUB do).
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix blooper in slub]
Fixes: c48a11c7ad ("netvm: propagate page->pfmemalloc to skb")
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Debugged-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.com>
Debugged-by: Jiri Bohac <jbohac@suse.com>
Cc: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
Cc: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> [3.6+]
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When we add a new node, the edge of memory may be wrong.
e.g. system has 4 nodes, and node3 is movable, node3 mem:[24G-32G],
1. hotremove the node3,
2. then hotadd node3 with a part of memory, mem:[26G-30G],
3. call hotadd_new_pgdat()
free_area_init_node()
get_pfn_range_for_nid()
4. it will return wrong start_pfn and end_pfn, because we have not
update the memblock.
This patch also fixes a BUG_ON during hot-addition, please see
http://marc.info/?l=linux-kernel&m=142961156129456&w=2
Signed-off-by: Xishi Qiu <qiuxishi@huawei.com>
Cc: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Kamezawa Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Taku Izumi <izumi.taku@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Tang Chen <tangchen@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Gu Zheng <guz.fnst@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The race condition addressed in commit add05cecef ("mm: soft-offline:
don't free target page in successful page migration") was not closed
completely, because that can happen not only for soft-offline, but also
for hard-offline. Consider that a slab page is about to be freed into
buddy pool, and then an uncorrected memory error hits the page just
after entering __free_one_page(), then VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(page->flags &
PAGE_FLAGS_CHECK_AT_PREP) is triggered, despite the fact that it's not
necessary because the data on the affected page is not consumed.
To solve it, this patch drops __PG_HWPOISON from page flag checks at
allocation/free time. I think it's justified because __PG_HWPOISON
flags is defined to prevent the page from being reused, and setting it
outside the page's alloc-free cycle is a designed behavior (not a bug.)
For recent months, I was annoyed about BUG_ON when soft-offlined page
remains on lru cache list for a while, which is avoided by calling
put_page() instead of putback_lru_page() in page migration's success
path. This means that this patch reverts a major change from commit
add05cecef about the new refcounting rule of soft-offlined pages, so
"reuse window" revives. This will be closed by a subsequent patch.
Signed-off-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: Dean Nelson <dnelson@redhat.com>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill@shutemov.name>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Dave Hansen reported the following;
My laptop has been behaving strangely with 4.2-rc2. Once I log
in to my X session, I start getting all kinds of strange errors
from applications and see this in my dmesg:
VFS: file-max limit 8192 reached
The problem is that the file-max is calculated before memory is fully
initialised and miscalculates how much memory the kernel is using. This
patch recalculates file-max after deferred memory initialisation. Note
that using memory hotplug infrastructure would not have avoided this
problem as the value is not recalculated after memory hot-add.
4.1: files_stat.max_files = 6582781
4.2-rc2: files_stat.max_files = 8192
4.2-rc2 patched: files_stat.max_files = 6562467
Small differences with the patch applied and 4.1 but not enough to matter.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Reported-by: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Nicolai Stange <nicstange@gmail.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Alex Ng <alexng@microsoft.com>
Cc: Fengguang Wu <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Commit 0e1cc95b4c ("mm: meminit: finish initialisation of struct pages
before basic setup") introduced a rwsem to signal completion of the
initialization workers.
Lockdep complains about possible recursive locking:
=============================================
[ INFO: possible recursive locking detected ]
4.1.0-12802-g1dc51b8 #3 Not tainted
---------------------------------------------
swapper/0/1 is trying to acquire lock:
(pgdat_init_rwsem){++++.+},
at: [<ffffffff8424c7fb>] page_alloc_init_late+0xc7/0xe6
but task is already holding lock:
(pgdat_init_rwsem){++++.+},
at: [<ffffffff8424c772>] page_alloc_init_late+0x3e/0xe6
Replace the rwsem by a completion together with an atomic
"outstanding work counter".
[peterz@infradead.org: Barrier removal on the grounds of being pointless]
[mgorman@suse.de: Applied review feedback]
Signed-off-by: Nicolai Stange <nicstange@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Alex Ng <alexng@microsoft.com>
Cc: Fengguang Wu <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
early_pfn_to_nid() historically was inherently not SMP safe but only
used during boot which is inherently single threaded or during hotplug
which is protected by a giant mutex.
With deferred memory initialisation there was a thread-safe version
introduced and the early_pfn_to_nid would trigger a BUG_ON if used
unsafely. Memory hotplug hit that check. This patch makes
early_pfn_to_nid introduces a lock to make it safe to use during
hotplug.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Reported-by: Alex Ng <alexng@microsoft.com>
Tested-by: Alex Ng <alexng@microsoft.com>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Nicolai Stange <nicstange@gmail.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Fengguang Wu <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Currently, we set wrong gfp_mask to page_owner info in case of isolated
freepage by compaction and split page. It causes incorrect mixed
pageblock report that we can get from '/proc/pagetypeinfo'. This metric
is really useful to measure fragmentation effect so should be accurate.
This patch fixes it by setting correct information.
Without this patch, after kernel build workload is finished, number of
mixed pageblock is 112 among roughly 210 movable pageblocks.
But, with this fix, output shows that mixed pageblock is just 57.
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When I tested my new patches, I found that page pointer which is used
for setting page_owner information is changed. This is because page
pointer is used to set new migratetype in loop. After this work, page
pointer could be out of bound. If this wrong pointer is used for
page_owner, access violation happens. Below is error message that I
got.
BUG: unable to handle kernel paging request at 0000000000b00018
IP: [<ffffffff81025f30>] save_stack_address+0x30/0x40
PGD 1af2d067 PUD 166e0067 PMD 0
Oops: 0002 [#1] SMP
...snip...
Call Trace:
print_context_stack+0xcf/0x100
dump_trace+0x15f/0x320
save_stack_trace+0x2f/0x50
__set_page_owner+0x46/0x70
__isolate_free_page+0x1f7/0x210
split_free_page+0x21/0xb0
isolate_freepages_block+0x1e2/0x410
compaction_alloc+0x22d/0x2d0
migrate_pages+0x289/0x8b0
compact_zone+0x409/0x880
compact_zone_order+0x6d/0x90
try_to_compact_pages+0x110/0x210
__alloc_pages_direct_compact+0x3d/0xe6
__alloc_pages_nodemask+0x6cd/0x9a0
alloc_pages_current+0x91/0x100
runtest_store+0x296/0xa50
simple_attr_write+0xbd/0xe0
__vfs_write+0x28/0xf0
vfs_write+0xa9/0x1b0
SyS_write+0x46/0xb0
system_call_fastpath+0x16/0x75
This patch fixes this error by moving up set_page_owner().
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The kbuild test robot reported the following
tree: git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git master
head: 14a6f1989d
commit: 3b242c66cc x86: mm: enable deferred struct page initialisation on x86-64
date: 3 days ago
config: x86_64-randconfig-x006-201527 (attached as .config)
reproduce:
git checkout 3b242c66cc
# save the attached .config to linux build tree
make ARCH=x86_64
All warnings (new ones prefixed by >>):
mm/page_alloc.c: In function 'early_page_uninitialised':
>> mm/page_alloc.c:247:6: warning: unused variable 'nid' [-Wunused-variable]
int nid = early_pfn_to_nid(pfn);
It's due to the NODE_DATA macro ignoring the nid parameter on !NUMA
configurations. This patch avoids the warning by not declaring nid.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Reported-by: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill@shutemov.name>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Waiman Long reported that 24TB machines hit OOM during basic setup when
struct page initialisation was deferred. One approach is to initialise
memory on demand but it interferes with page allocator paths. This patch
creates dedicated threads to initialise memory before basic setup. It
then blocks on a rw_semaphore until completion as a wait_queue and counter
is overkill. This may be slower to boot but it's simplier overall and
also gets rid of a section mangling which existed so kswapd could do the
initialisation.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: include rwsem.h, use DECLARE_RWSEM, fix comment, remove unneeded cast]
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Waiman Long <waiman.long@hp.com
Cc: Nathan Zimmer <nzimmer@sgi.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Scott Norton <scott.norton@hp.com>
Tested-by: Daniel J Blueman <daniel@numascale.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
mminit_verify_page_links() is an extremely paranoid check that was
introduced when memory initialisation was being heavily reworked.
Profiles indicated that up to 10% of parallel memory initialisation was
spent on checking this for every page. The cost could be reduced but in
practice this check only found problems very early during the
initialisation rewrite and has found nothing since. This patch removes an
expensive unnecessary check.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Tested-by: Nate Zimmer <nzimmer@sgi.com>
Tested-by: Waiman Long <waiman.long@hp.com>
Tested-by: Daniel J Blueman <daniel@numascale.com>
Acked-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: Robin Holt <robinmholt@gmail.com>
Cc: Nate Zimmer <nzimmer@sgi.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Waiman Long <waiman.long@hp.com>
Cc: Scott Norton <scott.norton@hp.com>
Cc: "Luck, Tony" <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
During parallel sturct page initialisation, ranges are checked for every
PFN unnecessarily which increases boot times. This patch alters when the
ranges are checked.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Tested-by: Nate Zimmer <nzimmer@sgi.com>
Tested-by: Waiman Long <waiman.long@hp.com>
Tested-by: Daniel J Blueman <daniel@numascale.com>
Acked-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: Robin Holt <robinmholt@gmail.com>
Cc: Nate Zimmer <nzimmer@sgi.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Waiman Long <waiman.long@hp.com>
Cc: Scott Norton <scott.norton@hp.com>
Cc: "Luck, Tony" <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Parallel struct page frees pages one at a time. Try free pages as single
large pages where possible.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Tested-by: Nate Zimmer <nzimmer@sgi.com>
Tested-by: Waiman Long <waiman.long@hp.com>
Tested-by: Daniel J Blueman <daniel@numascale.com>
Acked-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: Robin Holt <robinmholt@gmail.com>
Cc: Nate Zimmer <nzimmer@sgi.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Waiman Long <waiman.long@hp.com>
Cc: Scott Norton <scott.norton@hp.com>
Cc: "Luck, Tony" <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Deferred struct page initialisation is using pfn_to_page() on every PFN
unnecessarily. This patch minimises the number of lookups and scheduler
checks.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Tested-by: Nate Zimmer <nzimmer@sgi.com>
Tested-by: Waiman Long <waiman.long@hp.com>
Tested-by: Daniel J Blueman <daniel@numascale.com>
Acked-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: Robin Holt <robinmholt@gmail.com>
Cc: Nate Zimmer <nzimmer@sgi.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Waiman Long <waiman.long@hp.com>
Cc: Scott Norton <scott.norton@hp.com>
Cc: "Luck, Tony" <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Only a subset of struct pages are initialised at the moment. When this
patch is applied kswapd initialise the remaining struct pages in parallel.
This should boot faster by spreading the work to multiple CPUs and
initialising data that is local to the CPU. The user-visible effect on
large machines is that free memory will appear to rapidly increase early
in the lifetime of the system until kswapd reports that all memory is
initialised in the kernel log. Once initialised there should be no other
user-visibile effects.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Tested-by: Nate Zimmer <nzimmer@sgi.com>
Tested-by: Waiman Long <waiman.long@hp.com>
Tested-by: Daniel J Blueman <daniel@numascale.com>
Acked-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: Robin Holt <robinmholt@gmail.com>
Cc: Nate Zimmer <nzimmer@sgi.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Waiman Long <waiman.long@hp.com>
Cc: Scott Norton <scott.norton@hp.com>
Cc: "Luck, Tony" <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This patch initalises all low memory struct pages and 2G of the highest
zone on each node during memory initialisation if
CONFIG_DEFERRED_STRUCT_PAGE_INIT is set. That config option cannot be set
but will be available in a later patch. Parallel initialisation of struct
page depends on some features from memory hotplug and it is necessary to
alter alter section annotations.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Tested-by: Nate Zimmer <nzimmer@sgi.com>
Tested-by: Waiman Long <waiman.long@hp.com>
Tested-by: Daniel J Blueman <daniel@numascale.com>
Acked-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: Robin Holt <robinmholt@gmail.com>
Cc: Nate Zimmer <nzimmer@sgi.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Waiman Long <waiman.long@hp.com>
Cc: Scott Norton <scott.norton@hp.com>
Cc: "Luck, Tony" <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
early_pfn_in_nid() and meminit_pfn_in_nid() are small functions that are
unnecessarily visible outside memory initialisation. As well as
unnecessary visibility, it's unnecessary function call overhead when
initialising pages. This patch moves the helpers inline.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix build]
[mhocko@suse.cz: fix build]
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Tested-by: Nate Zimmer <nzimmer@sgi.com>
Tested-by: Waiman Long <waiman.long@hp.com>
Tested-by: Daniel J Blueman <daniel@numascale.com>
Acked-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: Robin Holt <robinmholt@gmail.com>
Cc: Nate Zimmer <nzimmer@sgi.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Waiman Long <waiman.long@hp.com>
Cc: Scott Norton <scott.norton@hp.com>
Cc: "Luck, Tony" <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
__early_pfn_to_nid() use static variables to cache recent lookups as
memblock lookups are very expensive but it assumes that memory
initialisation is single-threaded. Parallel initialisation of struct
pages will break that assumption so this patch makes __early_pfn_to_nid()
SMP-safe by requiring the caller to cache recent search information.
early_pfn_to_nid() keeps the same interface but is only safe to use early
in boot due to the use of a global static variable. meminit_pfn_in_nid()
is an SMP-safe version that callers must maintain their own state for.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Tested-by: Nate Zimmer <nzimmer@sgi.com>
Tested-by: Waiman Long <waiman.long@hp.com>
Tested-by: Daniel J Blueman <daniel@numascale.com>
Acked-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: Robin Holt <robinmholt@gmail.com>
Cc: Nate Zimmer <nzimmer@sgi.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Waiman Long <waiman.long@hp.com>
Cc: Scott Norton <scott.norton@hp.com>
Cc: "Luck, Tony" <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
__free_pages_bootmem prepares a page for release to the buddy allocator
and assumes that the struct page is initialised. Parallel initialisation
of struct pages defers initialisation and __free_pages_bootmem can be
called for struct pages that cannot yet map struct page to PFN. This
patch passes PFN to __free_pages_bootmem with no other functional change.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Tested-by: Nate Zimmer <nzimmer@sgi.com>
Tested-by: Waiman Long <waiman.long@hp.com>
Tested-by: Daniel J Blueman <daniel@numascale.com>
Acked-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: Robin Holt <robinmholt@gmail.com>
Cc: Nate Zimmer <nzimmer@sgi.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Waiman Long <waiman.long@hp.com>
Cc: Scott Norton <scott.norton@hp.com>
Cc: "Luck, Tony" <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Currently each page struct is set as reserved upon initialization. This
patch leaves the reserved bit clear and only sets the reserved bit when it
is known the memory was allocated by the bootmem allocator. This makes it
easier to distinguish between uninitialised struct pages and reserved
struct pages in later patches.
Signed-off-by: Robin Holt <holt@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Nathan Zimmer <nzimmer@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Tested-by: Nate Zimmer <nzimmer@sgi.com>
Tested-by: Waiman Long <waiman.long@hp.com>
Tested-by: Daniel J Blueman <daniel@numascale.com>
Acked-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: Robin Holt <robinmholt@gmail.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Waiman Long <waiman.long@hp.com>
Cc: Scott Norton <scott.norton@hp.com>
Cc: "Luck, Tony" <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Currently, memmap_init_zone() has all the smarts for initializing a single
page. A subset of this is required for parallel page initialisation and
so this patch breaks up the monolithic function in preparation.
Signed-off-by: Robin Holt <holt@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Nathan Zimmer <nzimmer@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Tested-by: Nate Zimmer <nzimmer@sgi.com>
Tested-by: Waiman Long <waiman.long@hp.com>
Tested-by: Daniel J Blueman <daniel@numascale.com>
Acked-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: Robin Holt <robinmholt@gmail.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Waiman Long <waiman.long@hp.com>
Cc: Scott Norton <scott.norton@hp.com>
Cc: "Luck, Tony" <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Merge first patchbomb from Andrew Morton:
- a few misc things
- ocfs2 udpates
- kernel/watchdog.c feature work (took ages to get right)
- most of MM. A few tricky bits are held up and probably won't make 4.2.
* emailed patches from Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>: (91 commits)
mm: kmemleak_alloc_percpu() should follow the gfp from per_alloc()
mm, thp: respect MPOL_PREFERRED policy with non-local node
tmpfs: truncate prealloc blocks past i_size
mm/memory hotplug: print the last vmemmap region at the end of hot add memory
mm/mmap.c: optimization of do_mmap_pgoff function
mm: kmemleak: optimise kmemleak_lock acquiring during kmemleak_scan
mm: kmemleak: avoid deadlock on the kmemleak object insertion error path
mm: kmemleak: do not acquire scan_mutex in kmemleak_do_cleanup()
mm: kmemleak: fix delete_object_*() race when called on the same memory block
mm: kmemleak: allow safe memory scanning during kmemleak disabling
memcg: convert mem_cgroup->under_oom from atomic_t to int
memcg: remove unused mem_cgroup->oom_wakeups
frontswap: allow multiple backends
x86, mirror: x86 enabling - find mirrored memory ranges
mm/memblock: allocate boot time data structures from mirrored memory
mm/memblock: add extra "flags" to memblock to allow selection of memory based on attribute
mm: do not ignore mapping_gfp_mask in page cache allocation paths
mm/cma.c: fix typos in comments
mm/oom_kill.c: print points as unsigned int
mm/hugetlb: handle races in alloc_huge_page and hugetlb_reserve_pages
...
The should_alloc_retry() function was meant to encapsulate retry
conditions of the allocator slowpath, but there are still checks
remaining in the main function, and much of how the retrying is
performed also depends on the OOM killer progress. The physical
separation of those conditions make the code hard to follow.
Inline the should_alloc_retry() checks. Notes:
- The __GFP_NOFAIL check is already done in __alloc_pages_may_oom(),
replace it with looping on OOM killer progress
- The pm_suspended_storage() check is meant to skip the OOM killer
when reclaim has no IO available, move to __alloc_pages_may_oom()
- The order <= PAGE_ALLOC_COSTLY order is re-united with its original
counterpart of checking whether reclaim actually made any progress
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The zonelist locking and the oom_sem are two overlapping locks that are
used to serialize global OOM killing against different things.
The historical zonelist locking serializes OOM kills from allocations with
overlapping zonelists against each other to prevent killing more tasks
than necessary in the same memory domain. Only when neither tasklists nor
zonelists from two concurrent OOM kills overlap (tasks in separate memcgs
bound to separate nodes) are OOM kills allowed to execute in parallel.
The younger oom_sem is a read-write lock to serialize OOM killing against
the PM code trying to disable the OOM killer altogether.
However, the OOM killer is a fairly cold error path, there is really no
reason to optimize for highly performant and concurrent OOM kills. And
the oom_sem is just flat-out redundant.
Replace both locking schemes with a single global mutex serializing OOM
kills regardless of context.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
It's been five years now that KM_* kmap flags have been removed and that
we can call clear_highpage from any context. So we remove prep_zero_pages
accordingly.
Signed-off-by: Anisse Astier <anisse@astier.eu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
For !CONFIG_NUMA, hashdist will always be 0, since it's setter is
otherwise compiled out. So we can save 4 bytes of data and some .text
(although mostly in __init functions) by only defining it for
CONFIG_NUMA.
Signed-off-by: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This change moves the __alloc_page_frag functionality out of the networking
stack and into the page allocation portion of mm. The idea it so help make
this maintainable by placing it with other page allocation functions.
Since we are moving it from skbuff.c to page_alloc.c I have also renamed
the basic defines and structure from netdev_alloc_cache to page_frag_cache
to reflect that this is now part of a different kernel subsystem.
I have also added a simple __free_page_frag function which can handle
freeing the frags based on the skb->head pointer. The model for this is
based off of __free_pages since we don't actually need to deal with all of
the cases that put_page handles. I incorporated the virt_to_head_page call
and compound_order into the function as it actually allows for a signficant
size reduction by reducing code duplication.
Signed-off-by: Alexander Duyck <alexander.h.duyck@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
We converted some of the usages of ACCESS_ONCE to READ_ONCE in the mm/
tree since it doesn't work reliably on non-scalar types.
This patch removes the rest of the usages of ACCESS_ONCE, and use the new
READ_ONCE API for the read accesses. This makes things cleaner, instead
of using separate/multiple sets of APIs.
Signed-off-by: Jason Low <jason.low2@hp.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Davidlohr Bueso <dave@stgolabs.net>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
NOTE: this is not about __GFP_THISNODE, this is only about GFP_THISNODE.
GFP_THISNODE is a secret combination of gfp bits that have different
behavior than expected. It is a combination of __GFP_THISNODE,
__GFP_NORETRY, and __GFP_NOWARN and is special-cased in the page
allocator slowpath to fail without trying reclaim even though it may be
used in combination with __GFP_WAIT.
An example of the problem this creates: commit e97ca8e5b8 ("mm: fix
GFP_THISNODE callers and clarify") fixed up many users of GFP_THISNODE
that really just wanted __GFP_THISNODE. The problem doesn't end there,
however, because even it was a no-op for alloc_misplaced_dst_page(),
which also sets __GFP_NORETRY and __GFP_NOWARN, and
migrate_misplaced_transhuge_page(), where __GFP_NORETRY and __GFP_NOWAIT
is set in GFP_TRANSHUGE. Converting GFP_THISNODE to __GFP_THISNODE is a
no-op in these cases since the page allocator special-cases
__GFP_THISNODE && __GFP_NORETRY && __GFP_NOWARN.
It's time to just remove GFP_THISNODE entirely. We leave __GFP_THISNODE
to restrict an allocation to a local node, but remove GFP_THISNODE and
its obscurity. Instead, we require that a caller clear __GFP_WAIT if it
wants to avoid reclaim.
This allows the aforementioned functions to actually reclaim as they
should. It also enables any future callers that want to do
__GFP_THISNODE but also __GFP_NORETRY && __GFP_NOWARN to reclaim. The
rule is simple: if you don't want to reclaim, then don't set __GFP_WAIT.
Aside: ovs_flow_stats_update() really wants to avoid reclaim as well, so
it is unchanged.
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Acked-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Pravin Shelar <pshelar@nicira.com>
Cc: Jarno Rajahalme <jrajahalme@nicira.com>
Cc: Li Zefan <lizefan@huawei.com>
Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
It seems nobody needs this.
Signed-off-by: Konstantin Khlebnikov <koct9i@gmail.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This makes show_mem() much less verbose on huge machines. Instead of huge
and almost useless dump of counters for each per-zone per-cpu lists this
patch prints the sum of these counters for each zone (free_pcp) and size
of per-cpu list for current cpu (local_pcp).
The filter flag SHOW_MEM_PERCPU_LISTS reverts to the old verbose mode.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: update show_free_areas comment]
Signed-off-by: Konstantin Khlebnikov <khlebnikov@yandex-team.ru>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Compaction has anti fragmentation algorithm. It is that freepage should
be more than pageblock order to finish the compaction if we don't find any
freepage in requested migratetype buddy list. This is for mitigating
fragmentation, but, there is a lack of migratetype consideration and it is
too excessive compared to page allocator's anti fragmentation algorithm.
Not considering migratetype would cause premature finish of compaction.
For example, if allocation request is for unmovable migratetype, freepage
with CMA migratetype doesn't help that allocation and compaction should
not be stopped. But, current logic regards this situation as compaction
is no longer needed, so finish the compaction.
Secondly, condition is too excessive compared to page allocator's logic.
We can steal freepage from other migratetype and change pageblock
migratetype on more relaxed conditions in page allocator. This is
designed to prevent fragmentation and we can use it here. Imposing hard
constraint only to the compaction doesn't help much in this case since
page allocator would cause fragmentation again.
To solve these problems, this patch borrows anti fragmentation logic from
page allocator. It will reduce premature compaction finish in some cases
and reduce excessive compaction work.
stress-highalloc test in mmtests with non movable order 7 allocation shows
considerable increase of compaction success rate.
Compaction success rate (Compaction success * 100 / Compaction stalls, %)
31.82 : 42.20
I tested it on non-reboot 5 runs stress-highalloc benchmark and found that
there is no more degradation on allocation success rate than before. That
roughly means that this patch doesn't result in more fragmentations.
Vlastimil suggests additional idea that we only test for fallbacks when
migration scanner has scanned a whole pageblock. It looked good for
fragmentation because chance of stealing increase due to making more free
pages in certain pageblock. So, I tested it, but, it results in decreased
compaction success rate, roughly 38.00. I guess the reason that if system
is low memory condition, watermark check could be failed due to not enough
order 0 free page and so, sometimes, we can't reach a fallback check
although migrate_pfn is aligned to pageblock_nr_pages. I can insert code
to cope with this situation but it makes code more complicated so I don't
include his idea at this patch.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix CONFIG_CMA=n build]
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This is preparation step to use page allocator's anti fragmentation logic
in compaction. This patch just separates fallback freepage checking part
from fallback freepage management part. Therefore, there is no functional
change.
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
