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Many CPUs implement return address branch prediction as a stack. The RISCV architecture refers to this as a return address stack (RAS). If this gets corrupted then the CPU will mispredict at least one but potentally many function returns. There are two issues with the current RISCV exception code: - We are using the alternate link stack (x5/t0) for the indirect branch which makes the hardware think this is a function return. This will corrupt the RAS. - We modify the return address of handle_exception to point to ret_from_exception. This will also corrupt the RAS. Testing the null system call latency before and after the patch: Visionfive2 (StarFive JH7110 / U74) baseline: 189.87 ns patched: 176.76 ns Lichee pi 4a (T-Head TH1520 / C910) baseline: 666.58 ns patched: 636.90 ns Just over 7% on the U74 and just over 4% on the C910. Signed-off-by: Anton Blanchard <antonb@tenstorrent.com> Signed-off-by: Cyril Bur <cyrilbur@tenstorrent.com> Tested-by: Jisheng Zhang <jszhang@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Jisheng Zhang <jszhang@kernel.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240607061335.2197383-1-cyrilbur@tenstorrent.com Signed-off-by: Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@rivosinc.com>
Linux kernel
============
There are several guides for kernel developers and users. These guides can
be rendered in a number of formats, like HTML and PDF. Please read
Documentation/admin-guide/README.rst first.
In order to build the documentation, use ``make htmldocs`` or
``make pdfdocs``. The formatted documentation can also be read online at:
https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/
There are various text files in the Documentation/ subdirectory,
several of them using the reStructuredText markup notation.
Please read the Documentation/process/changes.rst file, as it contains the
requirements for building and running the kernel, and information about
the problems which may result by upgrading your kernel.