linux/tools/perf/util/evlist.c

// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
/*
 * Copyright (C) 2011, Red Hat Inc, Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
 *
 * Parts came from builtin-{top,stat,record}.c, see those files for further
 * copyright notes.
 */
#include <api/fs/fs.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <inttypes.h>
#include <poll.h>
#include "cpumap.h"
#include "util/mmap.h"
#include "thread_map.h"
#include "target.h"
#include "evlist.h"
#include "evsel.h"
#include "record.h"
#include "debug.h"
#include "units.h"
#include "bpf_counter.h"
#include <internal/lib.h> // page_size
#include "affinity.h"
#include "../perf.h"
#include "asm/bug.h"
#include "bpf-event.h"
#include "util/event.h"
#include "util/string2.h"
#include "util/perf_api_probe.h"
#include "util/evsel_fprintf.h"
#include "util/pmu.h"
#include "util/sample.h"
#include "util/bpf-filter.h"
#include "util/stat.h"
#include "util/util.h"
#include <signal.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sched.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

#include "parse-events.h"
#include <subcmd/parse-options.h>

#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <sys/prctl.h>
#include <sys/timerfd.h>

#include <linux/bitops.h>
#include <linux/hash.h>
#include <linux/log2.h>
#include <linux/err.h>
#include <linux/string.h>
#include <linux/time64.h>
#include <linux/zalloc.h>
#include <perf/evlist.h>
#include <perf/evsel.h>
#include <perf/cpumap.h>
#include <perf/mmap.h>

#include <internal/xyarray.h>

#ifdef LACKS_SIGQUEUE_PROTOTYPE
int sigqueue(pid_t pid, int sig, const union sigval value);
#endif

#define FD(e, x, y) (*(int *)xyarray__entry(e->core.fd, x, y))
#define SID(e, x, y) xyarray__entry(e->core.sample_id, x, y)

void evlist__init(struct evlist *evlist, struct perf_cpu_map *cpus,
		  struct perf_thread_map *threads)
{
	perf_evlist__init(&evlist->core);
	perf_evlist__set_maps(&evlist->core, cpus, threads);
	evlist->workload.pid = -1;
	evlist->bkw_mmap_state = BKW_MMAP_NOTREADY;
	evlist->ctl_fd.fd = -1;
	evlist->ctl_fd.ack = -1;
	evlist->ctl_fd.pos = -1;
}

struct evlist *evlist__new(void)
{
	struct evlist *evlist = zalloc(sizeof(*evlist));

	if (evlist != NULL)
		evlist__init(evlist, NULL, NULL);

	return evlist;
}

struct evlist *evlist__new_default(void)
{
	struct evlist *evlist = evlist__new();
	bool can_profile_kernel;
	int err;

	if (!evlist)
		return NULL;

	can_profile_kernel = perf_event_paranoid_check(1);
	err = parse_event(evlist, can_profile_kernel ? "cycles:P" : "cycles:Pu");
	if (err) {
		evlist__delete(evlist);
		return NULL;
	}

	if (evlist->core.nr_entries > 1) {
		struct evsel *evsel;

		evlist__for_each_entry(evlist, evsel)
			evsel__set_sample_id(evsel, /*can_sample_identifier=*/false);
	}

	return evlist;
}

struct evlist *evlist__new_dummy(void)
{
	struct evlist *evlist = evlist__new();

	if (evlist && evlist__add_dummy(evlist)) {
		evlist__delete(evlist);
		evlist = NULL;
	}

	return evlist;
}

/**
 * evlist__set_id_pos - set the positions of event ids.
 * @evlist: selected event list
 *
 * Events with compatible sample types all have the same id_pos
 * and is_pos.  For convenience, put a copy on evlist.
 */
void evlist__set_id_pos(struct evlist *evlist)
{
	struct evsel *first = evlist__first(evlist);

	evlist->id_pos = first->id_pos;
	evlist->is_pos = first->is_pos;
}

static void evlist__update_id_pos(struct evlist *evlist)
{
	struct evsel *evsel;

	evlist__for_each_entry(evlist, evsel)
		evsel__calc_id_pos(evsel);

	evlist__set_id_pos(evlist);
}

static void evlist__purge(struct evlist *evlist)
{
	struct evsel *pos, *n;

	evlist__for_each_entry_safe(evlist, n, pos) {
		list_del_init(&pos->core.node);
		pos->evlist = NULL;
		evsel__delete(pos);
	}

	evlist->core.nr_entries = 0;
}

void evlist__exit(struct evlist *evlist)
{
	event_enable_timer__exit(&evlist->eet);
	zfree(&evlist->mmap);
	zfree(&evlist->overwrite_mmap);
	perf_evlist__exit(&evlist->core);
}

void evlist__delete(struct evlist *evlist)
{
	if (evlist == NULL)
		return;

	evlist__free_stats(evlist);
	evlist__munmap(evlist);
	evlist__close(evlist);
	evlist__purge(evlist);
	evlist__exit(evlist);
	free(evlist);
}

void evlist__add(struct evlist *evlist, struct evsel *entry)
{
	perf_evlist__add(&evlist->core, &entry->core);
	entry->evlist = evlist;
	entry->tracking = !entry->core.idx;

	if (evlist->core.nr_entries == 1)
		evlist__set_id_pos(evlist);
}

void evlist__remove(struct evlist *evlist, struct evsel *evsel)
{
	evsel->evlist = NULL;
	perf_evlist__remove(&evlist->core, &evsel->core);
}

void evlist__splice_list_tail(struct evlist *evlist, struct list_head *list)
{
	while (!list_empty(list)) {
		struct evsel *evsel, *temp, *leader = NULL;

		__evlist__for_each_entry_safe(list, temp, evsel) {
			list_del_init(&evsel->core.node);
			evlist__add(evlist, evsel);
			leader = evsel;
			break;
		}

		__evlist__for_each_entry_safe(list, temp, evsel) {
			if (evsel__has_leader(evsel, leader)) {
				list_del_init(&evsel->core.node);
				evlist__add(evlist, evsel);
			}
		}
	}
}

int __evlist__set_tracepoints_handlers(struct evlist *evlist,
				       const struct evsel_str_handler *assocs, size_t nr_assocs)
{
	size_t i;
	int err;

	for (i = 0; i < nr_assocs; i++) {
		// Adding a handler for an event not in this evlist, just ignore it.
		struct evsel *evsel = evlist__find_tracepoint_by_name(evlist, assocs[i].name);
		if (evsel == NULL)
			continue;

		err = -EEXIST;
		if (evsel->handler != NULL)
			goto out;
		evsel->handler = assocs[i].handler;
	}

	err = 0;
out:
	return err;
}

static void evlist__set_leader(struct evlist *evlist)
{
	perf_evlist__set_leader(&evlist->core);
}

static struct evsel *evlist__dummy_event(struct evlist *evlist)
{
	struct perf_event_attr attr = {
		.type	= PERF_TYPE_SOFTWARE,
		.config = PERF_COUNT_SW_DUMMY,
		.size	= sizeof(attr), /* to capture ABI version */
		/* Avoid frequency mode for dummy events to avoid associated timers. */
		.freq = 0,
		.sample_period = 1,
	};

	return evsel__new_idx(&attr, evlist->core.nr_entries);
}

int evlist__add_dummy(struct evlist *evlist)
{
	struct evsel *evsel = evlist__dummy_event(evlist);

	if (evsel == NULL)
		return -ENOMEM;

	evlist__add(evlist, evsel);
	return 0;
}

struct evsel *evlist__add_aux_dummy(struct evlist *evlist, bool system_wide)
{
	struct evsel *evsel = evlist__dummy_event(evlist);

	if (!evsel)
		return NULL;

	evsel->core.attr.exclude_kernel = 1;
	evsel->core.attr.exclude_guest = 1;
	evsel->core.attr.exclude_hv = 1;
	evsel->core.system_wide = system_wide;
	evsel->no_aux_samples = true;
	evsel->name = strdup("dummy:u");

	evlist__add(evlist, evsel);
	return evsel;
}

#ifdef HAVE_LIBTRACEEVENT
struct evsel *evlist__add_sched_switch(struct evlist *evlist, bool system_wide)
{
	struct evsel *evsel = evsel__newtp_idx("sched", "sched_switch", 0);

	if (IS_ERR(evsel))
		return evsel;

	evsel__set_sample_bit(evsel, CPU);
	evsel__set_sample_bit(evsel, TIME);

	evsel->core.system_wide = system_wide;
	evsel->no_aux_samples = true;

	evlist__add(evlist, evsel);
	return evsel;
}
#endif

int evlist__add_attrs(struct evlist *evlist, struct perf_event_attr *attrs, size_t nr_attrs)
{
	struct evsel *evsel, *n;
	LIST_HEAD(head);
	size_t i;

	for (i = 0; i < nr_attrs; i++) {
		evsel = evsel__new_idx(attrs + i, evlist->core.nr_entries + i);
		if (evsel == NULL)
			goto out_delete_partial_list;
		list_add_tail(&evsel->core.node, &head);
	}

	evlist__splice_list_tail(evlist, &head);

	return 0;

out_delete_partial_list:
	__evlist__for_each_entry_safe(&head, n, evsel)
		evsel__delete(evsel);
	return -1;
}

int __evlist__add_default_attrs(struct evlist *evlist, struct perf_event_attr *attrs, size_t nr_attrs)
{
	size_t i;

	for (i = 0; i < nr_attrs; i++)
		event_attr_init(attrs + i);

	return evlist__add_attrs(evlist, attrs, nr_attrs);
}

__weak int arch_evlist__add_default_attrs(struct evlist *evlist,
					  struct perf_event_attr *attrs,
					  size_t nr_attrs)
{
	if (!nr_attrs)
		return 0;

	return __evlist__add_default_attrs(evlist, attrs, nr_attrs);
}

struct evsel *evlist__find_tracepoint_by_id(struct evlist *evlist, int id)
{
	struct evsel *evsel;

	evlist__for_each_entry(evlist, evsel) {
		if (evsel->core.attr.type   == PERF_TYPE_TRACEPOINT &&
		    (int)evsel->core.attr.config == id)
			return evsel;
	}

	return NULL;
}

struct evsel *evlist__find_tracepoint_by_name(struct evlist *evlist, const char *name)
{
	struct evsel *evsel;

	evlist__for_each_entry(evlist, evsel) {
		if ((evsel->core.attr.type == PERF_TYPE_TRACEPOINT) &&
		    (strcmp(evsel->name, name) == 0))
			return evsel;
	}

	return NULL;
}

#ifdef HAVE_LIBTRACEEVENT
int evlist__add_newtp(struct evlist *evlist, const char *sys, const char *name, void *handler)
{
	struct evsel *evsel = evsel__newtp(sys, name);

	if (IS_ERR(evsel))
		return -1;

	evsel->handler = handler;
	evlist__add(evlist, evsel);
	return 0;
}
#endif

struct evlist_cpu_iterator evlist__cpu_begin(struct evlist *evlist, struct affinity *affinity)
{
	struct evlist_cpu_iterator itr = {
		.container = evlist,
		.evsel = NULL,
		.cpu_map_idx = 0,
		.evlist_cpu_map_idx = 0,
		.evlist_cpu_map_nr = perf_cpu_map__nr(evlist->core.all_cpus),
		.cpu = (struct perf_cpu){ .cpu = -1},
		.affinity = affinity,
	};

	if (evlist__empty(evlist)) {
		/* Ensure the empty list doesn't iterate. */
		itr.evlist_cpu_map_idx = itr.evlist_cpu_map_nr;
	} else {
		itr.evsel = evlist__first(evlist);
		if (itr.affinity) {
			itr.cpu = perf_cpu_map__cpu(evlist->core.all_cpus, 0);
			affinity__set(itr.affinity, itr.cpu.cpu);
			itr.cpu_map_idx = perf_cpu_map__idx(itr.evsel->core.cpus, itr.cpu);
			/*
			 * If this CPU isn't in the evsel's cpu map then advance
			 * through the list.
			 */
			if (itr.cpu_map_idx == -1)
				evlist_cpu_iterator__next(&itr);
		}
	}
	return itr;
}

void evlist_cpu_iterator__next(struct evlist_cpu_iterator *evlist_cpu_itr)
{
	while (evlist_cpu_itr->evsel != evlist__last(evlist_cpu_itr->container)) {
		evlist_cpu_itr->evsel = evsel__next(evlist_cpu_itr->evsel);
		evlist_cpu_itr->cpu_map_idx =
			perf_cpu_map__idx(evlist_cpu_itr->evsel->core.cpus,
					  evlist_cpu_itr->cpu);
		if (evlist_cpu_itr->cpu_map_idx != -1)
			return;
	}
	evlist_cpu_itr->evlist_cpu_map_idx++;
	if (evlist_cpu_itr->evlist_cpu_map_idx < evlist_cpu_itr->evlist_cpu_map_nr) {
		evlist_cpu_itr->evsel = evlist__first(evlist_cpu_itr->container);
		evlist_cpu_itr->cpu =
			perf_cpu_map__cpu(evlist_cpu_itr->container->core.all_cpus,
					  evlist_cpu_itr->evlist_cpu_map_idx);
		if (evlist_cpu_itr->affinity)
			affinity__set(evlist_cpu_itr->affinity, evlist_cpu_itr->cpu.cpu);
		evlist_cpu_itr->cpu_map_idx =
			perf_cpu_map__idx(evlist_cpu_itr->evsel->core.cpus,
					  evlist_cpu_itr->cpu);
		/*
		 * If this CPU isn't in the evsel's cpu map then advance through
		 * the list.
		 */
		if (evlist_cpu_itr->cpu_map_idx == -1)
			evlist_cpu_iterator__next(evlist_cpu_itr);
	}
}

bool evlist_cpu_iterator__end(const struct evlist_cpu_iterator *evlist_cpu_itr)
{
	return evlist_cpu_itr->evlist_cpu_map_idx >= evlist_cpu_itr->evlist_cpu_map_nr;
}

static int evsel__strcmp(struct evsel *pos, char *evsel_name)
{
	if (!evsel_name)
		return 0;
	if (evsel__is_dummy_event(pos))
		return 1;
	return !evsel__name_is(pos, evsel_name);
}

static int evlist__is_enabled(struct evlist *evlist)
{
	struct evsel *pos;

	evlist__for_each_entry(evlist, pos) {
		if (!evsel__is_group_leader(pos) || !pos->core.fd)
			continue;
		/* If at least one event is enabled, evlist is enabled. */
		if (!pos->disabled)
			return true;
	}
	return false;
}

static void __evlist__disable(struct evlist *evlist, char *evsel_name, bool excl_dummy)
{
	struct evsel *pos;
	struct evlist_cpu_iterator evlist_cpu_itr;
	struct affinity saved_affinity, *affinity = NULL;
	bool has_imm = false;

	// See explanation in evlist__close()
	if (!cpu_map__is_dummy(evlist->core.user_requested_cpus)) {
		if (affinity__setup(&saved_affinity) < 0)
			return;
		affinity = &saved_affinity;
	}

	/* Disable 'immediate' events last */
	for (int imm = 0; imm <= 1; imm++) {
		evlist__for_each_cpu(evlist_cpu_itr, evlist, affinity) {
			pos = evlist_cpu_itr.evsel;
			if (evsel__strcmp(pos, evsel_name))
				continue;
			if (pos->disabled || !evsel__is_group_leader(pos) || !pos->core.fd)
				continue;
			if (excl_dummy && evsel__is_dummy_event(pos))
				continue;
			if (pos->immediate)
				has_imm = true;
			if (pos->immediate != imm)
				continue;
			evsel__disable_cpu(pos, evlist_cpu_itr.cpu_map_idx);
		}
		if (!has_imm)
			break;
	}

	affinity__cleanup(affinity);
	evlist__for_each_entry(evlist, pos) {
		if (evsel__strcmp(pos, evsel_name))
			continue;
		if (!evsel__is_group_leader(pos) || !pos->core.fd)
			continue;
		if (excl_dummy && evsel__is_dummy_event(pos))
			continue;
		pos->disabled = true;
	}

	/*
	 * If we disabled only single event, we need to check
	 * the enabled state of the evlist manually.
	 */
	if (evsel_name)
		evlist->enabled = evlist__is_enabled(evlist);
	else
		evlist->enabled = false;
}

void evlist__disable(struct evlist *evlist)
{
	__evlist__disable(evlist, NULL, false);
}

void evlist__disable_non_dummy(struct evlist *evlist)
{
	__evlist__disable(evlist, NULL, true);
}

void evlist__disable_evsel(struct evlist *evlist, char *evsel_name)
{
	__evlist__disable(evlist, evsel_name, false);
}

static void __evlist__enable(struct evlist *evlist, char *evsel_name, bool excl_dummy)
{
	struct evsel *pos;
	struct evlist_cpu_iterator evlist_cpu_itr;
	struct affinity saved_affinity, *affinity = NULL;

	// See explanation in evlist__close()
	if (!cpu_map__is_dummy(evlist->core.user_requested_cpus)) {
		if (affinity__setup(&saved_affinity) < 0)
			return;
		affinity = &saved_affinity;
	}

	evlist__for_each_cpu(evlist_cpu_itr, evlist, affinity) {
		pos = evlist_cpu_itr.evsel;
		if (evsel__strcmp(pos, evsel_name))
			continue;
		if (!evsel__is_group_leader(pos) || !pos->core.fd)
			continue;
		if (excl_dummy && evsel__is_dummy_event(pos))
			continue;
		evsel__enable_cpu(pos, evlist_cpu_itr.cpu_map_idx);
	}
	affinity__cleanup(affinity);
	evlist__for_each_entry(evlist, pos) {
		if (evsel__strcmp(pos, evsel_name))
			continue;
		if (!evsel__is_group_leader(pos) || !pos->core.fd)
			continue;
		if (excl_dummy && evsel__is_dummy_event(pos))
			continue;
		pos->disabled = false;
	}

	/*
	 * Even single event sets the 'enabled' for evlist,
	 * so the toggle can work properly and toggle to
	 * 'disabled' state.
	 */
	evlist->enabled = true;
}

void evlist__enable(struct evlist *evlist)
{
	__evlist__enable(evlist, NULL, false);
}

void evlist__enable_non_dummy(struct evlist *evlist)
{
	__evlist__enable(evlist, NULL, true);
}

void evlist__enable_evsel(struct evlist *evlist, char *evsel_name)
{
	__evlist__enable(evlist, evsel_name, false);
}

void evlist__toggle_enable(struct evlist *evlist)
{
	(evlist->enabled ? evlist__disable : evlist__enable)(evlist);
}

int evlist__add_pollfd(struct evlist *evlist, int fd)
{
	return perf_evlist__add_pollfd(&evlist->core, fd, NULL, POLLIN, fdarray_flag__default);
}

int evlist__filter_pollfd(struct evlist *evlist, short revents_and_mask)
{
	return perf_evlist__filter_pollfd(&evlist->core, revents_and_mask);
}

#ifdef HAVE_EVENTFD_SUPPORT
int evlist__add_wakeup_eventfd(struct evlist *evlist, int fd)
{
	return perf_evlist__add_pollfd(&evlist->core, fd, NULL, POLLIN,
				       fdarray_flag__nonfilterable |
				       fdarray_flag__non_perf_event);
}
#endif

int evlist__poll(struct evlist *evlist, int timeout)
{
	return perf_evlist__poll(&evlist->core, timeout);
}

struct perf_sample_id *evlist__id2sid(struct evlist *evlist, u64 id)
{
	struct hlist_head *head;
	struct perf_sample_id *sid;
	int hash;

	hash = hash_64(id, PERF_EVLIST__HLIST_BITS);
	head = &evlist->core.heads[hash];

	hlist_for_each_entry(sid, head, node)
		if (sid->id == id)
			return sid;

	return NULL;
}

struct evsel *evlist__id2evsel(struct evlist *evlist, u64 id)
{
	struct perf_sample_id *sid;

	if (evlist->core.nr_entries == 1 || !id)
		return evlist__first(evlist);

	sid = evlist__id2sid(evlist, id);
	if (sid)
		return container_of(sid->evsel, struct evsel, core);

	if (!evlist__sample_id_all(evlist))
		return evlist__first(evlist);

	return NULL;
}

struct evsel *evlist__id2evsel_strict(struct evlist *evlist, u64 id)
{
	struct perf_sample_id *sid;

	if (!id)
		return NULL;

	sid = evlist__id2sid(evlist, id);
	if (sid)
		return container_of(sid->evsel, struct evsel, core);

	return NULL;
}

static int evlist__event2id(struct evlist *evlist, union perf_event *event, u64 *id)
{
	const __u64 *array = event->sample.array;
	ssize_t n;

	n = (event->header.size - sizeof(event->header)) >> 3;

	if (event->header.type == PERF_RECORD_SAMPLE) {
		if (evlist->id_pos >= n)
			return -1;
		*id = array[evlist->id_pos];
	} else {
		if (evlist->is_pos > n)
			return -1;
		n -= evlist->is_pos;
		*id = array[n];
	}
	return 0;
}

struct evsel *evlist__event2evsel(struct evlist *evlist, union perf_event *event)
{
	struct evsel *first = evlist__first(evlist);
	struct hlist_head *head;
	struct perf_sample_id *sid;
	int hash;
	u64 id;

	if (evlist->core.nr_entries == 1)
		return first;

	if (!first->core.attr.sample_id_all &&
	    event->header.type != PERF_RECORD_SAMPLE)
		return first;

	if (evlist__event2id(evlist, event, &id))
		return NULL;

	/* Synthesized events have an id of zero */
	if (!id)
		return first;

	hash = hash_64(id, PERF_EVLIST__HLIST_BITS);
	head = &evlist->core.heads[hash];

	hlist_for_each_entry(sid, head, node) {
		if (sid->id == id)
			return container_of(sid->evsel, struct evsel, core);
	}
	return NULL;
}

static int evlist__set_paused(struct evlist *evlist, bool value)
{
	int i;

	if (!evlist->overwrite_mmap)
		return 0;

	for (i = 0; i < evlist->core.nr_mmaps; i++) {
		int fd = evlist->overwrite_mmap[i].core.fd;
		int err;

		if (fd < 0)
			continue;
		err = ioctl(fd, PERF_EVENT_IOC_PAUSE_OUTPUT, value ? 1 : 0);
		if (err)
			return err;
	}
	return 0;
}

static int evlist__pause(struct evlist *evlist)
{
	return evlist__set_paused(evlist, true);
}

static int evlist__resume(struct evlist *evlist)
{
	return evlist__set_paused(evlist, false);
}

static void evlist__munmap_nofree(struct evlist *evlist)
{
	int i;

	if (evlist->mmap)
		for (i = 0; i < evlist->core.nr_mmaps; i++)
			perf_mmap__munmap(&evlist->mmap[i].core);

	if (evlist->overwrite_mmap)
		for (i = 0; i < evlist->core.nr_mmaps; i++)
			perf_mmap__munmap(&evlist->overwrite_mmap[i].core);
}

void evlist__munmap(struct evlist *evlist)
{
	evlist__munmap_nofree(evlist);
	zfree(&evlist->mmap);
	zfree(&evlist->overwrite_mmap);
}

static void perf_mmap__unmap_cb(struct perf_mmap *map)
{
	struct mmap *m = container_of(map, struct mmap, core);

	mmap__munmap(m);
}

static struct mmap *evlist__alloc_mmap(struct evlist *evlist,
				       bool overwrite)
{
	int i;
	struct mmap *map;

	map = zalloc(evlist->core.nr_mmaps * sizeof(struct mmap));
	if (!map)
		return NULL;

	for (i = 0; i < evlist->core.nr_mmaps; i++) {
		struct perf_mmap *prev = i ? &map[i - 1].core : NULL;

		/*
		 * When the perf_mmap() call is made we grab one refcount, plus
		 * one extra to let perf_mmap__consume() get the last
		 * events after all real references (perf_mmap__get()) are
		 * dropped.
		 *
		 * Each PERF_EVENT_IOC_SET_OUTPUT points to this mmap and
		 * thus does perf_mmap__get() on it.
		 */
		perf_mmap__init(&map[i].core, prev, overwrite, perf_mmap__unmap_cb);
	}

	return map;
}

static void
perf_evlist__mmap_cb_idx(struct perf_evlist *_evlist,
			 struct perf_evsel *_evsel,
			 struct perf_mmap_param *_mp,
			 int idx)
{
	struct evlist *evlist = container_of(_evlist, struct evlist, core);
	struct mmap_params *mp = container_of(_mp, struct mmap_params, core);
	struct evsel *evsel = container_of(_evsel, struct evsel, core);

	auxtrace_mmap_params__set_idx(&mp->auxtrace_mp, evlist, evsel, idx);
}

static struct perf_mmap*
perf_evlist__mmap_cb_get(struct perf_evlist *_evlist, bool overwrite, int idx)
{
	struct evlist *evlist = container_of(_evlist, struct evlist, core);
	struct mmap *maps;

	maps = overwrite ? evlist->overwrite_mmap : evlist->mmap;

	if (!maps) {
		maps = evlist__alloc_mmap(evlist, overwrite);
		if (!maps)
			return NULL;

		if (overwrite) {
			evlist->overwrite_mmap = maps;
			if (evlist->bkw_mmap_state == BKW_MMAP_NOTREADY)
				evlist__toggle_bkw_mmap(evlist, BKW_MMAP_RUNNING);
		} else {
			evlist->mmap = maps;
		}
	}

	return &maps[idx].core;
}

static int
perf_evlist__mmap_cb_mmap(struct perf_mmap *_map, struct perf_mmap_param *_mp,
			  int output, struct perf_cpu cpu)
{
	struct mmap *map = container_of(_map, struct mmap, core);
	struct mmap_params *mp = container_of(_mp, struct mmap_params, core);

	return mmap__mmap(map, mp, output, cpu);
}

unsigned long perf_event_mlock_kb_in_pages(void)
{
	unsigned long pages;
	int max;

	if (sysctl__read_int("kernel/perf_event_mlock_kb", &max) < 0) {
		/*
		 * Pick a once upon a time good value, i.e. things look
		 * strange since we can't read a sysctl value, but lets not
		 * die yet...
		 */
		max = 512;
	} else {
		max -= (page_size / 1024);
	}

	pages = (max * 1024) / page_size;
	if (!is_power_of_2(pages))
		pages = rounddown_pow_of_two(pages);

	return pages;
}

size_t evlist__mmap_size(unsigned long pages)
{
	if (pages == UINT_MAX)
		pages = perf_event_mlock_kb_in_pages();
	else if (!is_power_of_2(pages))
		return 0;

	return (pages + 1) * page_size;
}

static long parse_pages_arg(const char *str, unsigned long min,
			    unsigned long max)
{
	unsigned long pages, val;
	static struct parse_tag tags[] = {
		{ .tag  = 'B', .mult = 1       },
		{ .tag  = 'K', .mult = 1 << 10 },
		{ .tag  = 'M', .mult = 1 << 20 },
		{ .tag  = 'G', .mult = 1 << 30 },
		{ .tag  = 0 },
	};

	if (str == NULL)
		return -EINVAL;

	val = parse_tag_value(str, tags);
	if (val != (unsigned long) -1) {
		/* we got file size value */
		pages = PERF_ALIGN(val, page_size) / page_size;
	} else {
		/* we got pages count value */
		char *eptr;
		pages = strtoul(str, &eptr, 10);
		if (*eptr != '\0')
			return -EINVAL;
	}

	if (pages == 0 && min == 0) {
		/* leave number of pages at 0 */
	} else if (!is_power_of_2(pages)) {
		char buf[100];

		/* round pages up to next power of 2 */
		pages = roundup_pow_of_two(pages);
		if (!pages)
			return -EINVAL;

		unit_number__scnprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), pages * page_size);
		pr_info("rounding mmap pages size to %s (%lu pages)\n",
			buf, pages);
	}

	if (pages > max)
		return -EINVAL;

	return pages;
}

int __evlist__parse_mmap_pages(unsigned int *mmap_pages, const char *str)
{
	unsigned long max = UINT_MAX;
	long pages;

	if (max > SIZE_MAX / page_size)
		max = SIZE_MAX / page_size;

	pages = parse_pages_arg(str, 1, max);
	if (pages < 0) {
		pr_err("Invalid argument for --mmap_pages/-m\n");
		return -1;
	}

	*mmap_pages = pages;
	return 0;
}

int evlist__parse_mmap_pages(const struct option *opt, const char *str, int unset __maybe_unused)
{
	return __evlist__parse_mmap_pages(opt->value, str);
}

/**
 * evlist__mmap_ex - Create mmaps to receive events.
 * @evlist: list of events
 * @pages: map length in pages
 * @overwrite: overwrite older events?
 * @auxtrace_pages - auxtrace map length in pages
 * @auxtrace_overwrite - overwrite older auxtrace data?
 *
 * If @overwrite is %false the user needs to signal event consumption using
 * perf_mmap__write_tail().  Using evlist__mmap_read() does this
 * automatically.
 *
 * Similarly, if @auxtrace_overwrite is %false the user needs to signal data
 * consumption using auxtrace_mmap__write_tail().
 *
 * Return: %0 on success, negative error code otherwise.
 */
int evlist__mmap_ex(struct evlist *evlist, unsigned int pages,
			 unsigned int auxtrace_pages,
			 bool auxtrace_overwrite, int nr_cblocks, int affinity, int flush,
			 int comp_level)
{
	/*
	 * Delay setting mp.prot: set it before calling perf_mmap__mmap.
	 * Its value is decided by evsel's write_backward.
	 * So &mp should not be passed through const pointer.
	 */
	struct mmap_params mp = {
		.nr_cblocks	= nr_cblocks,
		.affinity	= affinity,
		.flush		= flush,
		.comp_level	= comp_level
	};
	struct perf_evlist_mmap_ops ops = {
		.idx  = perf_evlist__mmap_cb_idx,
		.get  = perf_evlist__mmap_cb_get,
		.mmap = perf_evlist__mmap_cb_mmap,
	};

	evlist->core.mmap_len = evlist__mmap_size(pages);
	pr_debug("mmap size %zuB\n", evlist->core.mmap_len);

	auxtrace_mmap_params__init(&mp.auxtrace_mp, evlist->core.mmap_len,
				   auxtrace_pages, auxtrace_overwrite);

	return perf_evlist__mmap_ops(&evlist->core, &ops, &mp.core);
}

int evlist__mmap(struct evlist *evlist, unsigned int pages)
{
	return evlist__mmap_ex(evlist, pages, 0, false, 0, PERF_AFFINITY_SYS, 1, 0);
}

int evlist__create_maps(struct evlist *evlist, struct target *target)
{
	bool all_threads = (target->per_thread && target->system_wide);
	struct perf_cpu_map *cpus;
	struct perf_thread_map *threads;

	/*
	 * If specify '-a' and '--per-thread' to perf record, perf record
	 * will override '--per-thread'. target->per_thread = false and
	 * target->system_wide = true.
	 *
	 * If specify '--per-thread' only to perf record,
	 * target->per_thread = true and target->system_wide = false.
	 *
	 * So target->per_thread && target->system_wide is false.
	 * For perf record, thread_map__new_str doesn't call
	 * thread_map__new_all_cpus. That will keep perf record's
	 * current behavior.
	 *
	 * For perf stat, it allows the case that target->per_thread and
	 * target->system_wide are all true. It means to collect system-wide
	 * per-thread data. thread_map__new_str will call
	 * thread_map__new_all_cpus to enumerate all threads.
	 */
	threads = thread_map__new_str(target->pid, target->tid, target->uid,
				      all_threads);

	if (!threads)
		return -1;

	if (target__uses_dummy_map(target))
		cpus = perf_cpu_map__new_any_cpu();
	else
		cpus = perf_cpu_map__new(target->cpu_list);

	if (!cpus)
		goto out_delete_threads;

	evlist->core.has_user_cpus = !!target->cpu_list;

	perf_evlist__set_maps(&evlist->core, cpus, threads);

	/* as evlist now has references, put count here */
	perf_cpu_map__put(cpus);
	perf_thread_map__put(threads);

	return 0;

out_delete_threads:
	perf_thread_map__put(threads);
	return -1;
}

int evlist__apply_filters(struct evlist *evlist, struct evsel **err_evsel)
{
	struct evsel *evsel;
	int err = 0;

	evlist__for_each_entry(evlist, evsel) {
		/*
		 * filters only work for tracepoint event, which doesn't have cpu limit.
		 * So evlist and evsel should always be same.
		 */
		if (evsel->filter) {
			err = perf_evsel__apply_filter(&evsel->core, evsel->filter);
			if (err) {
				*err_evsel = evsel;
				break;
			}
		}

		/*
		 * non-tracepoint events can have BPF filters.
		 */
		if (!list_empty(&evsel->bpf_filters)) {
			err = perf_bpf_filter__prepare(evsel);
			if (err) {
				*err_evsel = evsel;
				break;
			}
		}
	}

	return err;
}

int evlist__set_tp_filter(struct evlist *evlist, const char *filter)
{
	struct evsel *evsel;
	int err = 0;

	if (filter == NULL)
		return -1;

	evlist__for_each_entry(evlist, evsel) {
		if (evsel->core.attr.type != PERF_TYPE_TRACEPOINT)
			continue;

		err = evsel__set_filter(evsel, filter);
		if (err)
			break;
	}

	return err;
}

int evlist__append_tp_filter(struct evlist *evlist, const char *filter)
{
	struct evsel *evsel;
	int err = 0;

	if (filter == NULL)
		return -1;

	evlist__for_each_entry(evlist, evsel) {
		if (evsel->core.attr.type != PERF_TYPE_TRACEPOINT)
			continue;

		err = evsel__append_tp_filter(evsel, filter);
		if (err)
			break;
	}

	return err;
}

char *asprintf__tp_filter_pids(size_t npids, pid_t *pids)
{
	char *filter;
	size_t i;

	for (i = 0; i < npids; ++i) {
		if (i == 0) {
			if (asprintf(&filter, "common_pid != %d", pids[i]) < 0)
				return NULL;
		} else {
			char *tmp;

			if (asprintf(&tmp, "%s && common_pid != %d", filter, pids[i]) < 0)
				goto out_free;

			free(filter);
			filter = tmp;
		}
	}

	return filter;
out_free:
	free(filter);
	return NULL;
}

int evlist__set_tp_filter_pids(struct evlist *evlist, size_t npids, pid_t *pids)
{
	char *filter = asprintf__tp_filter_pids(npids, pids);
	int ret = evlist__set_tp_filter(evlist, filter);

	free(filter);
	return ret;
}

int evlist__set_tp_filter_pid(struct evlist *evlist, pid_t pid)
{
	return evlist__set_tp_filter_pids(evlist, 1, &pid);
}

int evlist__append_tp_filter_pids(struct evlist *evlist, size_t npids, pid_t *pids)
{
	char *filter = asprintf__tp_filter_pids(npids, pids);
	int ret = evlist__append_tp_filter(evlist, filter);

	free(filter);
	return ret;
}

int evlist__append_tp_filter_pid(struct evlist *evlist, pid_t pid)
{
	return evlist__append_tp_filter_pids(evlist, 1, &pid);
}

bool evlist__valid_sample_type(struct evlist *evlist)
{
	struct evsel *pos;

	if (evlist->core.nr_entries == 1)
		return true;

	if (evlist->id_pos < 0 || evlist->is_pos < 0)
		return false;

	evlist__for_each_entry(evlist, pos) {
		if (pos->id_pos != evlist->id_pos ||
		    pos->is_pos != evlist->is_pos)
			return false;
	}

	return true;
}

u64 __evlist__combined_sample_type(struct evlist *evlist)
{
	struct evsel *evsel;

	if (evlist->combined_sample_type)
		return evlist->combined_sample_type;

	evlist__for_each_entry(evlist, evsel)
		evlist->combined_sample_type |= evsel->core.attr.sample_type;

	return evlist->combined_sample_type;
}

u64 evlist__combined_sample_type(struct evlist *evlist)
{
	evlist->combined_sample_type = 0;
	return __evlist__combined_sample_type(evlist);
}

u64 evlist__combined_branch_type(struct evlist *evlist)
{
	struct evsel *evsel;
	u64 branch_type = 0;

	evlist__for_each_entry(evlist, evsel)
		branch_type |= evsel->core.attr.branch_sample_type;
	return branch_type;
}

bool evlist__valid_read_format(struct evlist *evlist)
{
	struct evsel *first = evlist__first(evlist), *pos = first;
	u64 read_format = first->core.attr.read_format;
	u64 sample_type = first->core.attr.sample_type;

	evlist__for_each_entry(evlist, pos) {
		if (read_format != pos->core.attr.read_format) {
			pr_debug("Read format differs %#" PRIx64 " vs %#" PRIx64 "\n",
				 read_format, (u64)pos->core.attr.read_format);
		}
	}

	/* PERF_SAMPLE_READ implies PERF_FORMAT_ID. */
	if ((sample_type & PERF_SAMPLE_READ) &&
	    !(read_format & PERF_FORMAT_ID)) {
		return false;
	}

	return true;
}

u16 evlist__id_hdr_size(struct evlist *evlist)
{
	struct evsel *first = evlist__first(evlist);

	return first->core.attr.sample_id_all ? evsel__id_hdr_size(first) : 0;
}

bool evlist__valid_sample_id_all(struct evlist *evlist)
{
	struct evsel *first = evlist__first(evlist), *pos = first;

	evlist__for_each_entry_continue(evlist, pos) {
		if (first->core.attr.sample_id_all != pos->core.attr.sample_id_all)
			return false;
	}

	return true;
}

bool evlist__sample_id_all(struct evlist *evlist)
{
	struct evsel *first = evlist__first(evlist);
	return first->core.attr.sample_id_all;
}

void evlist__set_selected(struct evlist *evlist, struct evsel *evsel)
{
	evlist->selected = evsel;
}

void evlist__close(struct evlist *evlist)
{
	struct evsel *evsel;
	struct evlist_cpu_iterator evlist_cpu_itr;
	struct affinity affinity;

	/*
	 * With perf record core.user_requested_cpus is usually NULL.
	 * Use the old method to handle this for now.
	 */
	if (!evlist->core.user_requested_cpus ||
	    cpu_map__is_dummy(evlist->core.user_requested_cpus)) {
		evlist__for_each_entry_reverse(evlist, evsel)
			evsel__close(evsel);
		return;
	}

	if (affinity__setup(&affinity) < 0)
		return;

	evlist__for_each_cpu(evlist_cpu_itr, evlist, &affinity) {
		perf_evsel__close_cpu(&evlist_cpu_itr.evsel->core,
				      evlist_cpu_itr.cpu_map_idx);
	}

	affinity__cleanup(&affinity);
	evlist__for_each_entry_reverse(evlist, evsel) {
		perf_evsel__free_fd(&evsel->core);
		perf_evsel__free_id(&evsel->core);
	}
	perf_evlist__reset_id_hash(&evlist->core);
}

static int evlist__create_syswide_maps(struct evlist *evlist)
{
	struct perf_cpu_map *cpus;
	struct perf_thread_map *threads;

	/*
	 * Try reading /sys/devices/system/cpu/online to get
	 * an all cpus map.
	 *
	 * FIXME: -ENOMEM is the best we can do here, the cpu_map
	 * code needs an overhaul to properly forward the
	 * error, and we may not want to do that fallback to a
	 * default cpu identity map :-\
	 */
	cpus = perf_cpu_map__new_online_cpus();
	if (!cpus)
		goto out;

	threads = perf_thread_map__new_dummy();
	if (!threads)
		goto out_put;

	perf_evlist__set_maps(&evlist->core, cpus, threads);

	perf_thread_map__put(threads);
out_put:
	perf_cpu_map__put(cpus);
out:
	return -ENOMEM;
}

int evlist__open(struct evlist *evlist)
{
	struct evsel *evsel;
	int err;

	/*
	 * Default: one fd per CPU, all threads, aka systemwide
	 * as sys_perf_event_open(cpu = -1, thread = -1) is EINVAL
	 */
	if (evlist->core.threads == NULL && evlist->core.user_requested_cpus == NULL) {
		err = evlist__create_syswide_maps(evlist);
		if (err < 0)
			goto out_err;
	}

	evlist__update_id_pos(evlist);

	evlist__for_each_entry(evlist, evsel) {
		err = evsel__open(evsel, evsel->core.cpus, evsel->core.threads);
		if (err < 0)
			goto out_err;
	}

	return 0;
out_err:
	evlist__close(evlist);
	errno = -err;
	return err;
}

int evlist__prepare_workload(struct evlist *evlist, struct target *target, const char *argv[],
			     bool pipe_output, void (*exec_error)(int signo, siginfo_t *info, void *ucontext))
{
	int child_ready_pipe[2], go_pipe[2];
	char bf;

	if (pipe(child_ready_pipe) < 0) {
		perror("failed to create 'ready' pipe");
		return -1;
	}

	if (pipe(go_pipe) < 0) {
		perror("failed to create 'go' pipe");
		goto out_close_ready_pipe;
	}

	evlist->workload.pid = fork();
	if (evlist->workload.pid < 0) {
		perror("failed to fork");
		goto out_close_pipes;
	}

	if (!evlist->workload.pid) {
		int ret;

		if (pipe_output)
			dup2(2, 1);

		signal(SIGTERM, SIG_DFL);

		close(child_ready_pipe[0]);
		close(go_pipe[1]);
		fcntl(go_pipe[0], F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC);

		/*
		 * Change the name of this process not to confuse --exclude-perf users
		 * that sees 'perf' in the window up to the execvp() and thinks that
		 * perf samples are not being excluded.
		 */
		prctl(PR_SET_NAME, "perf-exec");

		/*
		 * Tell the parent we're ready to go
		 */
		close(child_ready_pipe[1]);

		/*
		 * Wait until the parent tells us to go.
		 */
		ret = read(go_pipe[0], &bf, 1);
		/*
		 * The parent will ask for the execvp() to be performed by
		 * writing exactly one byte, in workload.cork_fd, usually via
		 * evlist__start_workload().
		 *
		 * For cancelling the workload without actually running it,
		 * the parent will just close workload.cork_fd, without writing
		 * anything, i.e. read will return zero and we just exit()
		 * here.
		 */
		if (ret != 1) {
			if (ret == -1)
				perror("unable to read pipe");
			exit(ret);
		}

		execvp(argv[0], (char **)argv);

		if (exec_error) {
			union sigval val;

			val.sival_int = errno;
			if (sigqueue(getppid(), SIGUSR1, val))
				perror(argv[0]);
		} else
			perror(argv[0]);
		exit(-1);
	}

	if (exec_error) {
		struct sigaction act = {
			.sa_flags     = SA_SIGINFO,
			.sa_sigaction = exec_error,
		};
		sigaction(SIGUSR1, &act, NULL);
	}

	if (target__none(target)) {
		if (evlist->core.threads == NULL) {
			fprintf(stderr, "FATAL: evlist->threads need to be set at this point (%s:%d).\n",
				__func__, __LINE__);
			goto out_close_pipes;
		}
		perf_thread_map__set_pid(evlist->core.threads, 0, evlist->workload.pid);
	}

	close(child_ready_pipe[1]);
	close(go_pipe[0]);
	/*
	 * wait for child to settle
	 */
	if (read(child_ready_pipe[0], &bf, 1) == -1) {
		perror("unable to read pipe");
		goto out_close_pipes;
	}

	fcntl(go_pipe[1], F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC);
	evlist->workload.cork_fd = go_pipe[1];
	close(child_ready_pipe[0]);
	return 0;

out_close_pipes:
	close(go_pipe[0]);
	close(go_pipe[1]);
out_close_ready_pipe:
	close(child_ready_pipe[0]);
	close(child_ready_pipe[1]);
	return -1;
}

int evlist__start_workload(struct evlist *evlist)
{
	if (evlist->workload.cork_fd > 0) {
		char bf = 0;
		int ret;
		/*
		 * Remove the cork, let it rip!
		 */
		ret = write(evlist->workload.cork_fd, &bf, 1);
		if (ret < 0)
			perror("unable to write to pipe");

		close(evlist->workload.cork_fd);
		return ret;
	}

	return 0;
}

int evlist__parse_sample(struct evlist *evlist, union perf_event *event, struct perf_sample *sample)
{
	struct evsel *evsel = evlist__event2evsel(evlist, event);
	int ret;

	if (!evsel)
		return -EFAULT;
	ret = evsel__parse_sample(evsel, event, sample);
	if (ret)
		return ret;
	if (perf_guest && sample->id) {
		struct perf_sample_id *sid = evlist__id2sid(evlist, sample->id);

		if (sid) {
			sample->machine_pid = sid->machine_pid;
			sample->vcpu = sid->vcpu.cpu;
		}
	}
	return 0;
}

int evlist__parse_sample_timestamp(struct evlist *evlist, union perf_event *event, u64 *timestamp)
{
	struct evsel *evsel = evlist__event2evsel(evlist, event);

	if (!evsel)
		return -EFAULT;
	return evsel__parse_sample_timestamp(evsel, event, timestamp);
}

int evlist__strerror_open(struct evlist *evlist, int err, char *buf, size_t size)
{
	int printed, value;
	char sbuf[STRERR_BUFSIZE], *emsg = str_error_r(err, sbuf, sizeof(sbuf));

	switch (err) {
	case EACCES:
	case EPERM:
		printed = scnprintf(buf, size,
				    "Error:\t%s.\n"
				    "Hint:\tCheck /proc/sys/kernel/perf_event_paranoid setting.", emsg);

		value = perf_event_paranoid();

		printed += scnprintf(buf + printed, size - printed, "\nHint:\t");

		if (value >= 2) {
			printed += scnprintf(buf + printed, size - printed,
					     "For your workloads it needs to be <= 1\nHint:\t");
		}
		printed += scnprintf(buf + printed, size - printed,
				     "For system wide tracing it needs to be set to -1.\n");

		printed += scnprintf(buf + printed, size - printed,
				    "Hint:\tTry: 'sudo sh -c \"echo -1 > /proc/sys/kernel/perf_event_paranoid\"'\n"
				    "Hint:\tThe current value is %d.", value);
		break;
	case EINVAL: {
		struct evsel *first = evlist__first(evlist);
		int max_freq;

		if (sysctl__read_int("kernel/perf_event_max_sample_rate", &max_freq) < 0)
			goto out_default;

		if (first->core.attr.sample_freq < (u64)max_freq)
			goto out_default;

		printed = scnprintf(buf, size,
				    "Error:\t%s.\n"
				    "Hint:\tCheck /proc/sys/kernel/perf_event_max_sample_rate.\n"
				    "Hint:\tThe current value is %d and %" PRIu64 " is being requested.",
				    emsg, max_freq, first->core.attr.sample_freq);
		break;
	}
	default:
out_default:
		scnprintf(buf, size, "%s", emsg);
		break;
	}

	return 0;
}

int evlist__strerror_mmap(struct evlist *evlist, int err, char *buf, size_t size)
{
	char sbuf[STRERR_BUFSIZE], *emsg = str_error_r(err, sbuf, sizeof(sbuf));
	int pages_attempted = evlist->core.mmap_len / 1024, pages_max_per_user, printed = 0;

	switch (err) {
	case EPERM:
		sysctl__read_int("kernel/perf_event_mlock_kb", &pages_max_per_user);
		printed += scnprintf(buf + printed, size - printed,
				     "Error:\t%s.\n"
				     "Hint:\tCheck /proc/sys/kernel/perf_event_mlock_kb (%d kB) setting.\n"
				     "Hint:\tTried using %zd kB.\n",
				     emsg, pages_max_per_user, pages_attempted);

		if (pages_attempted >= pages_max_per_user) {
			printed += scnprintf(buf + printed, size - printed,
					     "Hint:\tTry 'sudo sh -c \"echo %d > /proc/sys/kernel/perf_event_mlock_kb\"', or\n",
					     pages_max_per_user + pages_attempted);
		}

		printed += scnprintf(buf + printed, size - printed,
				     "Hint:\tTry using a smaller -m/--mmap-pages value.");
		break;
	default:
		scnprintf(buf, size, "%s", emsg);
		break;
	}

	return 0;
}

void evlist__to_front(struct evlist *evlist, struct evsel *move_evsel)
{
	struct evsel *evsel, *n;
	LIST_HEAD(move);

	if (move_evsel == evlist__first(evlist))
		return;

	evlist__for_each_entry_safe(evlist, n, evsel) {
		if (evsel__leader(evsel) == evsel__leader(move_evsel))
			list_move_tail(&evsel->core.node, &move);
	}

	list_splice(&move, &evlist->core.entries);
}

struct evsel *evlist__get_tracking_event(struct evlist *evlist)
{
	struct evsel *evsel;

	evlist__for_each_entry(evlist, evsel) {
		if (evsel->tracking)
			return evsel;
	}

	return evlist__first(evlist);
}

void evlist__set_tracking_event(struct evlist *evlist, struct evsel *tracking_evsel)
{
	struct evsel *evsel;

	if (tracking_evsel->tracking)
		return;

	evlist__for_each_entry(evlist, evsel) {
		if (evsel != tracking_evsel)
			evsel->tracking = false;
	}

	tracking_evsel->tracking = true;
}

struct evsel *evlist__findnew_tracking_event(struct evlist *evlist, bool system_wide)
{
	struct evsel *evsel;

	evsel = evlist__get_tracking_event(evlist);
	if (!evsel__is_dummy_event(evsel)) {
		evsel = evlist__add_aux_dummy(evlist, system_wide);
		if (!evsel)
			return NULL;

		evlist__set_tracking_event(evlist, evsel);
	} else if (system_wide) {
		perf_evlist__go_system_wide(&evlist->core, &evsel->core);
	}

	return evsel;
}

struct evsel *evlist__find_evsel_by_str(struct evlist *evlist, const char *str)
{
	struct evsel *evsel;

	evlist__for_each_entry(evlist, evsel) {
		if (!evsel->name)
			continue;
		if (evsel__name_is(evsel, str))
			return evsel;
	}

	return NULL;
}

void evlist__toggle_bkw_mmap(struct evlist *evlist, enum bkw_mmap_state state)
{
	enum bkw_mmap_state old_state = evlist->bkw_mmap_state;
	enum action {
		NONE,
		PAUSE,
		RESUME,
	} action = NONE;

	if (!evlist->overwrite_mmap)
		return;

	switch (old_state) {
	case BKW_MMAP_NOTREADY: {
		if (state != BKW_MMAP_RUNNING)
			goto state_err;
		break;
	}
	case BKW_MMAP_RUNNING: {
		if (state != BKW_MMAP_DATA_PENDING)
			goto state_err;
		action = PAUSE;
		break;
	}
	case BKW_MMAP_DATA_PENDING: {
		if (state != BKW_MMAP_EMPTY)
			goto state_err;
		break;
	}
	case BKW_MMAP_EMPTY: {
		if (state != BKW_MMAP_RUNNING)
			goto state_err;
		action = RESUME;
		break;
	}
	default:
		WARN_ONCE(1, "Shouldn't get there\n");
	}

	evlist->bkw_mmap_state = state;

	switch (action) {
	case PAUSE:
		evlist__pause(evlist);
		break;
	case RESUME:
		evlist__resume(evlist);
		break;
	case NONE:
	default:
		break;
	}

state_err:
	return;
}

bool evlist__exclude_kernel(struct evlist *evlist)
{
	struct evsel *evsel;

	evlist__for_each_entry(evlist, evsel) {
		if (!evsel->core.attr.exclude_kernel)
			return false;
	}

	return true;
}

/*
 * Events in data file are not collect in groups, but we still want
 * the group display. Set the artificial group and set the leader's
 * forced_leader flag to notify the display code.
 */
void evlist__force_leader(struct evlist *evlist)
{
	if (evlist__nr_groups(evlist) == 0) {
		struct evsel *leader = evlist__first(evlist);

		evlist__set_leader(evlist);
		leader->forced_leader = true;
	}
}

struct evsel *evlist__reset_weak_group(struct evlist *evsel_list, struct evsel *evsel, bool close)
{
	struct evsel *c2, *leader;
	bool is_open = true;

	leader = evsel__leader(evsel);

	pr_debug("Weak group for %s/%d failed\n",
			leader->name, leader->core.nr_members);

	/*
	 * for_each_group_member doesn't work here because it doesn't
	 * include the first entry.
	 */
	evlist__for_each_entry(evsel_list, c2) {
		if (c2 == evsel)
			is_open = false;
		if (evsel__has_leader(c2, leader)) {
			if (is_open && close)
				perf_evsel__close(&c2->core);
			/*
			 * We want to close all members of the group and reopen
			 * them. Some events, like Intel topdown, require being
			 * in a group and so keep these in the group.
			 */
			evsel__remove_from_group(c2, leader);

			/*
			 * Set this for all former members of the group
			 * to indicate they get reopened.
			 */
			c2->reset_group = true;
		}
	}
	/* Reset the leader count if all entries were removed. */
	if (leader->core.nr_members == 1)
		leader->core.nr_members = 0;
	return leader;
}

static int evlist__parse_control_fifo(const char *str, int *ctl_fd, int *ctl_fd_ack, bool *ctl_fd_close)
{
	char *s, *p;
	int ret = 0, fd;

	if (strncmp(str, "fifo:", 5))
		return -EINVAL;

	str += 5;
	if (!*str || *str == ',')
		return -EINVAL;

	s = strdup(str);
	if (!s)
		return -ENOMEM;

	p = strchr(s, ',');
	if (p)
		*p = '\0';

	/*
	 * O_RDWR avoids POLLHUPs which is necessary to allow the other
	 * end of a FIFO to be repeatedly opened and closed.
	 */
	fd = open(s, O_RDWR | O_NONBLOCK | O_CLOEXEC);
	if (fd < 0) {
		pr_err("Failed to open '%s'\n", s);
		ret = -errno;
		goto out_free;
	}
	*ctl_fd = fd;
	*ctl_fd_close = true;

	if (p && *++p) {
		/* O_RDWR | O_NONBLOCK means the other end need not be open */
		fd = open(p, O_RDWR | O_NONBLOCK | O_CLOEXEC);
		if (fd < 0) {
			pr_err("Failed to open '%s'\n", p);
			ret = -errno;
			goto out_free;
		}
		*ctl_fd_ack = fd;
	}

out_free:
	free(s);
	return ret;
}

int evlist__parse_control(const char *str, int *ctl_fd, int *ctl_fd_ack, bool *ctl_fd_close)
{
	char *comma = NULL, *endptr = NULL;

	*ctl_fd_close = false;

	if (strncmp(str, "fd:", 3))
		return evlist__parse_control_fifo(str, ctl_fd, ctl_fd_ack, ctl_fd_close);

	*ctl_fd = strtoul(&str[3], &endptr, 0);
	if (endptr == &str[3])
		return -EINVAL;

	comma = strchr(str, ',');
	if (comma) {
		if (endptr != comma)
			return -EINVAL;

		*ctl_fd_ack = strtoul(comma + 1, &endptr, 0);
		if (endptr == comma + 1 || *endptr != '\0')
			return -EINVAL;
	}

	return 0;
}

void evlist__close_control(int ctl_fd, int ctl_fd_ack, bool *ctl_fd_close)
{
	if (*ctl_fd_close) {
		*ctl_fd_close = false;
		close(ctl_fd);
		if (ctl_fd_ack >= 0)
			close(ctl_fd_ack);
	}
}

int evlist__initialize_ctlfd(struct evlist *evlist, int fd, int ack)
{
	if (fd == -1) {
		pr_debug("Control descriptor is not initialized\n");
		return 0;
	}

	evlist->ctl_fd.pos = perf_evlist__add_pollfd(&evlist->core, fd, NULL, POLLIN,
						     fdarray_flag__nonfilterable |
						     fdarray_flag__non_perf_event);
	if (evlist->ctl_fd.pos < 0) {
		evlist->ctl_fd.pos = -1;
		pr_err("Failed to add ctl fd entry: %m\n");
		return -1;
	}

	evlist->ctl_fd.fd = fd;
	evlist->ctl_fd.ack = ack;

	return 0;
}

bool evlist__ctlfd_initialized(struct evlist *evlist)
{
	return evlist->ctl_fd.pos >= 0;
}

int evlist__finalize_ctlfd(struct evlist *evlist)
{
	struct pollfd *entries = evlist->core.pollfd.entries;

	if (!evlist__ctlfd_initialized(evlist))
		return 0;

	entries[evlist->ctl_fd.pos].fd = -1;
	entries[evlist->ctl_fd.pos].events = 0;
	entries[evlist->ctl_fd.pos].revents = 0;

	evlist->ctl_fd.pos = -1;
	evlist->ctl_fd.ack = -1;
	evlist->ctl_fd.fd = -1;

	return 0;
}

static int evlist__ctlfd_recv(struct evlist *evlist, enum evlist_ctl_cmd *cmd,
			      char *cmd_data, size_t data_size)
{
	int err;
	char c;
	size_t bytes_read = 0;

	*cmd = EVLIST_CTL_CMD_UNSUPPORTED;
	memset(cmd_data, 0, data_size);
	data_size--;

	do {
		err = read(evlist->ctl_fd.fd, &c, 1);
		if (err > 0) {
			if (c == '\n' || c == '\0')
				break;
			cmd_data[bytes_read++] = c;
			if (bytes_read == data_size)
				break;
			continue;
		} else if (err == -1) {
			if (errno == EINTR)
				continue;
			if (errno == EAGAIN || errno == EWOULDBLOCK)
				err = 0;
			else
				pr_err("Failed to read from ctlfd %d: %m\n", evlist->ctl_fd.fd);
		}
		break;
	} while (1);

	pr_debug("Message from ctl_fd: \"%s%s\"\n", cmd_data,
		 bytes_read == data_size ? "" : c == '\n' ? "\\n" : "\\0");

	if (bytes_read > 0) {
		if (!strncmp(cmd_data, EVLIST_CTL_CMD_ENABLE_TAG,
			     (sizeof(EVLIST_CTL_CMD_ENABLE_TAG)-1))) {
			*cmd = EVLIST_CTL_CMD_ENABLE;
		} else if (!strncmp(cmd_data, EVLIST_CTL_CMD_DISABLE_TAG,
				    (sizeof(EVLIST_CTL_CMD_DISABLE_TAG)-1))) {
			*cmd = EVLIST_CTL_CMD_DISABLE;
		} else if (!strncmp(cmd_data, EVLIST_CTL_CMD_SNAPSHOT_TAG,
				    (sizeof(EVLIST_CTL_CMD_SNAPSHOT_TAG)-1))) {
			*cmd = EVLIST_CTL_CMD_SNAPSHOT;
			pr_debug("is snapshot\n");
		} else if (!strncmp(cmd_data, EVLIST_CTL_CMD_EVLIST_TAG,
				    (sizeof(EVLIST_CTL_CMD_EVLIST_TAG)-1))) {
			*cmd = EVLIST_CTL_CMD_EVLIST;
		} else if (!strncmp(cmd_data, EVLIST_CTL_CMD_STOP_TAG,
				    (sizeof(EVLIST_CTL_CMD_STOP_TAG)-1))) {
			*cmd = EVLIST_CTL_CMD_STOP;
		} else if (!strncmp(cmd_data, EVLIST_CTL_CMD_PING_TAG,
				    (sizeof(EVLIST_CTL_CMD_PING_TAG)-1))) {
			*cmd = EVLIST_CTL_CMD_PING;
		}
	}

	return bytes_read ? (int)bytes_read : err;
}

int evlist__ctlfd_ack(struct evlist *evlist)
{
	int err;

	if (evlist->ctl_fd.ack == -1)
		return 0;

	err = write(evlist->ctl_fd.ack, EVLIST_CTL_CMD_ACK_TAG,
		    sizeof(EVLIST_CTL_CMD_ACK_TAG));
	if (err == -1)
		pr_err("failed to write to ctl_ack_fd %d: %m\n", evlist->ctl_fd.ack);

	return err;
}

static int get_cmd_arg(char *cmd_data, size_t cmd_size, char **arg)
{
	char *data = cmd_data + cmd_size;

	/* no argument */
	if (!*data)
		return 0;

	/* there's argument */
	if (*data == ' ') {
		*arg = data + 1;
		return 1;
	}

	/* malformed */
	return -1;
}

static int evlist__ctlfd_enable(struct evlist *evlist, char *cmd_data, bool enable)
{
	struct evsel *evsel;
	char *name;
	int err;

	err = get_cmd_arg(cmd_data,
			  enable ? sizeof(EVLIST_CTL_CMD_ENABLE_TAG) - 1 :
				   sizeof(EVLIST_CTL_CMD_DISABLE_TAG) - 1,
			  &name);
	if (err < 0) {
		pr_info("failed: wrong command\n");
		return -1;
	}

	if (err) {
		evsel = evlist__find_evsel_by_str(evlist, name);
		if (evsel) {
			if (enable)
				evlist__enable_evsel(evlist, name);
			else
				evlist__disable_evsel(evlist, name);
			pr_info("Event %s %s\n", evsel->name,
				enable ? "enabled" : "disabled");
		} else {
			pr_info("failed: can't find '%s' event\n", name);
		}
	} else {
		if (enable) {
			evlist__enable(evlist);
			pr_info(EVLIST_ENABLED_MSG);
		} else {
			evlist__disable(evlist);
			pr_info(EVLIST_DISABLED_MSG);
		}
	}

	return 0;
}

static int evlist__ctlfd_list(struct evlist *evlist, char *cmd_data)
{
	struct perf_attr_details details = { .verbose = false, };
	struct evsel *evsel;
	char *arg;
	int err;

	err = get_cmd_arg(cmd_data,
			  sizeof(EVLIST_CTL_CMD_EVLIST_TAG) - 1,
			  &arg);
	if (err < 0) {
		pr_info("failed: wrong command\n");
		return -1;
	}

	if (err) {
		if (!strcmp(arg, "-v")) {
			details.verbose = true;
		} else if (!strcmp(arg, "-g")) {
			details.event_group = true;
		} else if (!strcmp(arg, "-F")) {
			details.freq = true;
		} else {
			pr_info("failed: wrong command\n");
			return -1;
		}
	}

	evlist__for_each_entry(evlist, evsel)
		evsel__fprintf(evsel, &details, stderr);

	return 0;
}

int evlist__ctlfd_process(struct evlist *evlist, enum evlist_ctl_cmd *cmd)
{
	int err = 0;
	char cmd_data[EVLIST_CTL_CMD_MAX_LEN];
	int ctlfd_pos = evlist->ctl_fd.pos;
	struct pollfd *entries = evlist->core.pollfd.entries;

	if (!evlist__ctlfd_initialized(evlist) || !entries[ctlfd_pos].revents)
		return 0;

	if (entries[ctlfd_pos].revents & POLLIN) {
		err = evlist__ctlfd_recv(evlist, cmd, cmd_data,
					 EVLIST_CTL_CMD_MAX_LEN);
		if (err > 0) {
			switch (*cmd) {
			case EVLIST_CTL_CMD_ENABLE:
			case EVLIST_CTL_CMD_DISABLE:
				err = evlist__ctlfd_enable(evlist, cmd_data,
							   *cmd == EVLIST_CTL_CMD_ENABLE);
				break;
			case EVLIST_CTL_CMD_EVLIST:
				err = evlist__ctlfd_list(evlist, cmd_data);
				break;
			case EVLIST_CTL_CMD_SNAPSHOT:
			case EVLIST_CTL_CMD_STOP:
			case EVLIST_CTL_CMD_PING:
				break;
			case EVLIST_CTL_CMD_ACK:
			case EVLIST_CTL_CMD_UNSUPPORTED:
			default:
				pr_debug("ctlfd: unsupported %d\n", *cmd);
				break;
			}
			if (!(*cmd == EVLIST_CTL_CMD_ACK || *cmd == EVLIST_CTL_CMD_UNSUPPORTED ||
			      *cmd == EVLIST_CTL_CMD_SNAPSHOT))
				evlist__ctlfd_ack(evlist);
		}
	}

	if (entries[ctlfd_pos].revents & (POLLHUP | POLLERR))
		evlist__finalize_ctlfd(evlist);
	else
		entries[ctlfd_pos].revents = 0;

	return err;
}

/**
 * struct event_enable_time - perf record -D/--delay single time range.
 * @start: start of time range to enable events in milliseconds
 * @end: end of time range to enable events in milliseconds
 *
 * N.B. this structure is also accessed as an array of int.
 */
struct event_enable_time {
	int	start;
	int	end;
};

static int parse_event_enable_time(const char *str, struct event_enable_time *range, bool first)
{
	const char *fmt = first ? "%u - %u %n" : " , %u - %u %n";
	int ret, start, end, n;

	ret = sscanf(str, fmt, &start, &end, &n);
	if (ret != 2 || end <= start)
		return -EINVAL;
	if (range) {
		range->start = start;
		range->end = end;
	}
	return n;
}

static ssize_t parse_event_enable_times(const char *str, struct event_enable_time *range)
{
	int incr = !!range;
	bool first = true;
	ssize_t ret, cnt;

	for (cnt = 0; *str; cnt++) {
		ret = parse_event_enable_time(str, range, first);
		if (ret < 0)
			return ret;
		/* Check no overlap */
		if (!first && range && range->start <= range[-1].end)
			return -EINVAL;
		str += ret;
		range += incr;
		first = false;
	}
	return cnt;
}

/**
 * struct event_enable_timer - control structure for perf record -D/--delay.
 * @evlist: event list
 * @times: time ranges that events are enabled (N.B. this is also accessed as an
 *         array of int)
 * @times_cnt: number of time ranges
 * @timerfd: timer file descriptor
 * @pollfd_pos: position in @evlist array of file descriptors to poll (fdarray)
 * @times_step: current position in (int *)@times)[],
 *              refer event_enable_timer__process()
 *
 * Note, this structure is only used when there are time ranges, not when there
 * is only an initial delay.
 */
struct event_enable_timer {
	struct evlist *evlist;
	struct event_enable_time *times;
	size_t	times_cnt;
	int	timerfd;
	int	pollfd_pos;
	size_t	times_step;
};

static int str_to_delay(const char *str)
{
	char *endptr;
	long d;

	d = strtol(str, &endptr, 10);
	if (*endptr || d > INT_MAX || d < -1)
		return 0;
	return d;
}

int evlist__parse_event_enable_time(struct evlist *evlist, struct record_opts *opts,
				    const char *str, int unset)
{
	enum fdarray_flags flags = fdarray_flag__nonfilterable | fdarray_flag__non_perf_event;
	struct event_enable_timer *eet;
	ssize_t times_cnt;
	ssize_t ret;
	int err;

	if (unset)
		return 0;

	opts->target.initial_delay = str_to_delay(str);
	if (opts->target.initial_delay)
		return 0;

	ret = parse_event_enable_times(str, NULL);
	if (ret < 0)
		return ret;

	times_cnt = ret;
	if (times_cnt == 0)
		return -EINVAL;

	eet = zalloc(sizeof(*eet));
	if (!eet)
		return -ENOMEM;

	eet->times = calloc(times_cnt, sizeof(*eet->times));
	if (!eet->times) {
		err = -ENOMEM;
		goto free_eet;
	}

	if (parse_event_enable_times(str, eet->times) != times_cnt) {
		err = -EINVAL;
		goto free_eet_times;
	}

	eet->times_cnt = times_cnt;

	eet->timerfd = timerfd_create(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, TFD_CLOEXEC);
	if (eet->timerfd == -1) {
		err = -errno;
		pr_err("timerfd_create failed: %s\n", strerror(errno));
		goto free_eet_times;
	}

	eet->pollfd_pos = perf_evlist__add_pollfd(&evlist->core, eet->timerfd, NULL, POLLIN, flags);
	if (eet->pollfd_pos < 0) {
		err = eet->pollfd_pos;
		goto close_timerfd;
	}

	eet->evlist = evlist;
	evlist->eet = eet;
	opts->target.initial_delay = eet->times[0].start;

	return 0;

close_timerfd:
	close(eet->timerfd);
free_eet_times:
	zfree(&eet->times);
free_eet:
	free(eet);
	return err;
}

static int event_enable_timer__set_timer(struct event_enable_timer *eet, int ms)
{
	struct itimerspec its = {
		.it_value.tv_sec = ms / MSEC_PER_SEC,
		.it_value.tv_nsec = (ms % MSEC_PER_SEC) * NSEC_PER_MSEC,
	};
	int err = 0;

	if (timerfd_settime(eet->timerfd, 0, &its, NULL) < 0) {
		err = -errno;
		pr_err("timerfd_settime failed: %s\n", strerror(errno));
	}
	return err;
}

int event_enable_timer__start(struct event_enable_timer *eet)
{
	int ms;

	if (!eet)
		return 0;

	ms = eet->times[0].end - eet->times[0].start;
	eet->times_step = 1;

	return event_enable_timer__set_timer(eet, ms);
}

int event_enable_timer__process(struct event_enable_timer *eet)
{
	struct pollfd *entries;
	short revents;

	if (!eet)
		return 0;

	entries = eet->evlist->core.pollfd.entries;
	revents = entries[eet->pollfd_pos].revents;
	entries[eet->pollfd_pos].revents = 0;

	if (revents & POLLIN) {
		size_t step = eet->times_step;
		size_t pos = step / 2;

		if (step & 1) {
			evlist__disable_non_dummy(eet->evlist);
			pr_info(EVLIST_DISABLED_MSG);
			if (pos >= eet->times_cnt - 1) {
				/* Disarm timer */
				event_enable_timer__set_timer(eet, 0);
				return 1; /* Stop */
			}
		} else {
			evlist__enable_non_dummy(eet->evlist);
			pr_info(EVLIST_ENABLED_MSG);
		}

		step += 1;
		pos = step / 2;

		if (pos < eet->times_cnt) {
			int *times = (int *)eet->times; /* Accessing 'times' as array of int */
			int ms = times[step] - times[step - 1];

			eet->times_step = step;
			return event_enable_timer__set_timer(eet, ms);
		}
	}

	return 0;
}

void event_enable_timer__exit(struct event_enable_timer **ep)
{
	if (!ep || !*ep)
		return;
	zfree(&(*ep)->times);
	zfree(ep);
}

struct evsel *evlist__find_evsel(struct evlist *evlist, int idx)
{
	struct evsel *evsel;

	evlist__for_each_entry(evlist, evsel) {
		if (evsel->core.idx == idx)
			return evsel;
	}
	return NULL;
}

int evlist__scnprintf_evsels(struct evlist *evlist, size_t size, char *bf)
{
	struct evsel *evsel;
	int printed = 0;

	evlist__for_each_entry(evlist, evsel) {
		if (evsel__is_dummy_event(evsel))
			continue;
		if (size > (strlen(evsel__name(evsel)) + (printed ? 2 : 1))) {
			printed += scnprintf(bf + printed, size - printed, "%s%s", printed ? "," : "", evsel__name(evsel));
		} else {
			printed += scnprintf(bf + printed, size - printed, "%s...", printed ? "," : "");
			break;
		}
	}

	return printed;
}

void evlist__check_mem_load_aux(struct evlist *evlist)
{
	struct evsel *leader, *evsel, *pos;

	/*
	 * For some platforms, the 'mem-loads' event is required to use
	 * together with 'mem-loads-aux' within a group and 'mem-loads-aux'
	 * must be the group leader. Now we disable this group before reporting
	 * because 'mem-loads-aux' is just an auxiliary event. It doesn't carry
	 * any valid memory load information.
	 */
	evlist__for_each_entry(evlist, evsel) {
		leader = evsel__leader(evsel);
		if (leader == evsel)
			continue;

		if (leader->name && strstr(leader->name, "mem-loads-aux")) {
			for_each_group_evsel(pos, leader) {
				evsel__set_leader(pos, pos);
				pos->core.nr_members = 0;
			}
		}
	}
}

/**
 * evlist__warn_user_requested_cpus() - Check each evsel against requested CPUs
 *     and warn if the user CPU list is inapplicable for the event's PMU's
 *     CPUs. Not core PMUs list a CPU in sysfs, but this may be overwritten by a
 *     user requested CPU and so any online CPU is applicable. Core PMUs handle
 *     events on the CPUs in their list and otherwise the event isn't supported.
 * @evlist: The list of events being checked.
 * @cpu_list: The user provided list of CPUs.
 */
void evlist__warn_user_requested_cpus(struct evlist *evlist, const char *cpu_list)
{
	struct perf_cpu_map *user_requested_cpus;
	struct evsel *pos;

	if (!cpu_list)
		return;

	user_requested_cpus = perf_cpu_map__new(cpu_list);
	if (!user_requested_cpus)
		return;

	evlist__for_each_entry(evlist, pos) {
		struct perf_cpu_map *intersect, *to_test;
		const struct perf_pmu *pmu = evsel__find_pmu(pos);

		to_test = pmu && pmu->is_core ? pmu->cpus : cpu_map__online();
		intersect = perf_cpu_map__intersect(to_test, user_requested_cpus);
		if (!perf_cpu_map__equal(intersect, user_requested_cpus)) {
			char buf[128];

			cpu_map__snprint(to_test, buf, sizeof(buf));
			pr_warning("WARNING: A requested CPU in '%s' is not supported by PMU '%s' (CPUs %s) for event '%s'\n",
				cpu_list, pmu ? pmu->name : "cpu", buf, evsel__name(pos));
		}
		perf_cpu_map__put(intersect);
	}
	perf_cpu_map__put(user_requested_cpus);
}

void evlist__uniquify_name(struct evlist *evlist)
{
	char *new_name, empty_attributes[2] = ":", *attributes;
	struct evsel *pos;

	if (perf_pmus__num_core_pmus() == 1)
		return;

	evlist__for_each_entry(evlist, pos) {
		if (!evsel__is_hybrid(pos))
			continue;

		if (strchr(pos->name, '/'))
			continue;

		attributes = strchr(pos->name, ':');
		if (attributes)
			*attributes = '\0';
		else
			attributes = empty_attributes;

		if (asprintf(&new_name, "%s/%s/%s", pos->pmu_name, pos->name, attributes + 1)) {
			free(pos->name);
			pos->name = new_name;
		} else {
			*attributes = ':';
		}
	}
}