linux/lib/stackdepot.c

// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
/*
 * Stack depot - a stack trace storage that avoids duplication.
 *
 * Internally, stack depot maintains a hash table of unique stacktraces. The
 * stack traces themselves are stored contiguously one after another in a set
 * of separate page allocations.
 *
 * Author: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com>
 * Copyright (C) 2016 Google, Inc.
 *
 * Based on the code by Dmitry Chernenkov.
 */

#define pr_fmt(fmt) "stackdepot: " fmt

#include <linux/debugfs.h>
#include <linux/gfp.h>
#include <linux/jhash.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/kmsan.h>
#include <linux/list.h>
#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/mutex.h>
#include <linux/poison.h>
#include <linux/printk.h>
#include <linux/rculist.h>
#include <linux/rcupdate.h>
#include <linux/refcount.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/spinlock.h>
#include <linux/stacktrace.h>
#include <linux/stackdepot.h>
#include <linux/string.h>
#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/memblock.h>
#include <linux/kasan-enabled.h>

#define DEPOT_POOLS_CAP 8192
/* The pool_index is offset by 1 so the first record does not have a 0 handle. */
#define DEPOT_MAX_POOLS \
	(((1LL << (DEPOT_POOL_INDEX_BITS)) - 1 < DEPOT_POOLS_CAP) ? \
	 (1LL << (DEPOT_POOL_INDEX_BITS)) - 1 : DEPOT_POOLS_CAP)

static bool stack_depot_disabled;
static bool __stack_depot_early_init_requested __initdata = IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_STACKDEPOT_ALWAYS_INIT);
static bool __stack_depot_early_init_passed __initdata;

/* Use one hash table bucket per 16 KB of memory. */
#define STACK_HASH_TABLE_SCALE 14
/* Limit the number of buckets between 4K and 1M. */
#define STACK_BUCKET_NUMBER_ORDER_MIN 12
#define STACK_BUCKET_NUMBER_ORDER_MAX 20
/* Initial seed for jhash2. */
#define STACK_HASH_SEED 0x9747b28c

/* Hash table of stored stack records. */
static struct list_head *stack_table;
/* Fixed order of the number of table buckets. Used when KASAN is enabled. */
static unsigned int stack_bucket_number_order;
/* Hash mask for indexing the table. */
static unsigned int stack_hash_mask;

/* Array of memory regions that store stack records. */
static void *stack_pools[DEPOT_MAX_POOLS];
/* Newly allocated pool that is not yet added to stack_pools. */
static void *new_pool;
/* Number of pools in stack_pools. */
static int pools_num;
/* Offset to the unused space in the currently used pool. */
static size_t pool_offset = DEPOT_POOL_SIZE;
/* Freelist of stack records within stack_pools. */
static LIST_HEAD(free_stacks);
/* The lock must be held when performing pool or freelist modifications. */
static DEFINE_RAW_SPINLOCK(pool_lock);

/* Statistics counters for debugfs. */
enum depot_counter_id {
	DEPOT_COUNTER_REFD_ALLOCS,
	DEPOT_COUNTER_REFD_FREES,
	DEPOT_COUNTER_REFD_INUSE,
	DEPOT_COUNTER_FREELIST_SIZE,
	DEPOT_COUNTER_PERSIST_COUNT,
	DEPOT_COUNTER_PERSIST_BYTES,
	DEPOT_COUNTER_COUNT,
};
static long counters[DEPOT_COUNTER_COUNT];
static const char *const counter_names[] = {
	[DEPOT_COUNTER_REFD_ALLOCS]	= "refcounted_allocations",
	[DEPOT_COUNTER_REFD_FREES]	= "refcounted_frees",
	[DEPOT_COUNTER_REFD_INUSE]	= "refcounted_in_use",
	[DEPOT_COUNTER_FREELIST_SIZE]	= "freelist_size",
	[DEPOT_COUNTER_PERSIST_COUNT]	= "persistent_count",
	[DEPOT_COUNTER_PERSIST_BYTES]	= "persistent_bytes",
};
static_assert(ARRAY_SIZE(counter_names) == DEPOT_COUNTER_COUNT);

static int __init disable_stack_depot(char *str)
{
	return kstrtobool(str, &stack_depot_disabled);
}
early_param("stack_depot_disable", disable_stack_depot);

void __init stack_depot_request_early_init(void)
{
	/* Too late to request early init now. */
	WARN_ON(__stack_depot_early_init_passed);

	__stack_depot_early_init_requested = true;
}

/* Initialize list_head's within the hash table. */
static void init_stack_table(unsigned long entries)
{
	unsigned long i;

	for (i = 0; i < entries; i++)
		INIT_LIST_HEAD(&stack_table[i]);
}

/* Allocates a hash table via memblock. Can only be used during early boot. */
int __init stack_depot_early_init(void)
{
	unsigned long entries = 0;

	/* This function must be called only once, from mm_init(). */
	if (WARN_ON(__stack_depot_early_init_passed))
		return 0;
	__stack_depot_early_init_passed = true;

	/*
	 * Print disabled message even if early init has not been requested:
	 * stack_depot_init() will not print one.
	 */
	if (stack_depot_disabled) {
		pr_info("disabled\n");
		return 0;
	}

	/*
	 * If KASAN is enabled, use the maximum order: KASAN is frequently used
	 * in fuzzing scenarios, which leads to a large number of different
	 * stack traces being stored in stack depot.
	 */
	if (kasan_enabled() && !stack_bucket_number_order)
		stack_bucket_number_order = STACK_BUCKET_NUMBER_ORDER_MAX;

	/*
	 * Check if early init has been requested after setting
	 * stack_bucket_number_order: stack_depot_init() uses its value.
	 */
	if (!__stack_depot_early_init_requested)
		return 0;

	/*
	 * If stack_bucket_number_order is not set, leave entries as 0 to rely
	 * on the automatic calculations performed by alloc_large_system_hash().
	 */
	if (stack_bucket_number_order)
		entries = 1UL << stack_bucket_number_order;
	pr_info("allocating hash table via alloc_large_system_hash\n");
	stack_table = alloc_large_system_hash("stackdepot",
						sizeof(struct list_head),
						entries,
						STACK_HASH_TABLE_SCALE,
						HASH_EARLY,
						NULL,
						&stack_hash_mask,
						1UL << STACK_BUCKET_NUMBER_ORDER_MIN,
						1UL << STACK_BUCKET_NUMBER_ORDER_MAX);
	if (!stack_table) {
		pr_err("hash table allocation failed, disabling\n");
		stack_depot_disabled = true;
		return -ENOMEM;
	}
	if (!entries) {
		/*
		 * Obtain the number of entries that was calculated by
		 * alloc_large_system_hash().
		 */
		entries = stack_hash_mask + 1;
	}
	init_stack_table(entries);

	return 0;
}

/* Allocates a hash table via kvcalloc. Can be used after boot. */
int stack_depot_init(void)
{
	static DEFINE_MUTEX(stack_depot_init_mutex);
	unsigned long entries;
	int ret = 0;

	mutex_lock(&stack_depot_init_mutex);

	if (stack_depot_disabled || stack_table)
		goto out_unlock;

	/*
	 * Similarly to stack_depot_early_init, use stack_bucket_number_order
	 * if assigned, and rely on automatic scaling otherwise.
	 */
	if (stack_bucket_number_order) {
		entries = 1UL << stack_bucket_number_order;
	} else {
		int scale = STACK_HASH_TABLE_SCALE;

		entries = nr_free_buffer_pages();
		entries = roundup_pow_of_two(entries);

		if (scale > PAGE_SHIFT)
			entries >>= (scale - PAGE_SHIFT);
		else
			entries <<= (PAGE_SHIFT - scale);
	}

	if (entries < 1UL << STACK_BUCKET_NUMBER_ORDER_MIN)
		entries = 1UL << STACK_BUCKET_NUMBER_ORDER_MIN;
	if (entries > 1UL << STACK_BUCKET_NUMBER_ORDER_MAX)
		entries = 1UL << STACK_BUCKET_NUMBER_ORDER_MAX;

	pr_info("allocating hash table of %lu entries via kvcalloc\n", entries);
	stack_table = kvcalloc(entries, sizeof(struct list_head), GFP_KERNEL);
	if (!stack_table) {
		pr_err("hash table allocation failed, disabling\n");
		stack_depot_disabled = true;
		ret = -ENOMEM;
		goto out_unlock;
	}
	stack_hash_mask = entries - 1;
	init_stack_table(entries);

out_unlock:
	mutex_unlock(&stack_depot_init_mutex);

	return ret;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(stack_depot_init);

/*
 * Initializes new stack pool, and updates the list of pools.
 */
static bool depot_init_pool(void **prealloc)
{
	lockdep_assert_held(&pool_lock);

	if (unlikely(pools_num >= DEPOT_MAX_POOLS)) {
		/* Bail out if we reached the pool limit. */
		WARN_ON_ONCE(pools_num > DEPOT_MAX_POOLS); /* should never happen */
		WARN_ON_ONCE(!new_pool); /* to avoid unnecessary pre-allocation */
		WARN_ONCE(1, "Stack depot reached limit capacity");
		return false;
	}

	if (!new_pool && *prealloc) {
		/* We have preallocated memory, use it. */
		WRITE_ONCE(new_pool, *prealloc);
		*prealloc = NULL;
	}

	if (!new_pool)
		return false; /* new_pool and *prealloc are NULL */

	/* Save reference to the pool to be used by depot_fetch_stack(). */
	stack_pools[pools_num] = new_pool;

	/*
	 * Stack depot tries to keep an extra pool allocated even before it runs
	 * out of space in the currently used pool.
	 *
	 * To indicate that a new preallocation is needed new_pool is reset to
	 * NULL; do not reset to NULL if we have reached the maximum number of
	 * pools.
	 */
	if (pools_num < DEPOT_MAX_POOLS)
		WRITE_ONCE(new_pool, NULL);
	else
		WRITE_ONCE(new_pool, STACK_DEPOT_POISON);

	/* Pairs with concurrent READ_ONCE() in depot_fetch_stack(). */
	WRITE_ONCE(pools_num, pools_num + 1);
	ASSERT_EXCLUSIVE_WRITER(pools_num);

	pool_offset = 0;

	return true;
}

/* Keeps the preallocated memory to be used for a new stack depot pool. */
static void depot_keep_new_pool(void **prealloc)
{
	lockdep_assert_held(&pool_lock);

	/*
	 * If a new pool is already saved or the maximum number of
	 * pools is reached, do not use the preallocated memory.
	 */
	if (new_pool)
		return;

	WRITE_ONCE(new_pool, *prealloc);
	*prealloc = NULL;
}

/*
 * Try to initialize a new stack record from the current pool, a cached pool, or
 * the current pre-allocation.
 */
static struct stack_record *depot_pop_free_pool(void **prealloc, size_t size)
{
	struct stack_record *stack;
	void *current_pool;
	u32 pool_index;

	lockdep_assert_held(&pool_lock);

	if (pool_offset + size > DEPOT_POOL_SIZE) {
		if (!depot_init_pool(prealloc))
			return NULL;
	}

	if (WARN_ON_ONCE(pools_num < 1))
		return NULL;
	pool_index = pools_num - 1;
	current_pool = stack_pools[pool_index];
	if (WARN_ON_ONCE(!current_pool))
		return NULL;

	stack = current_pool + pool_offset;

	/* Pre-initialize handle once. */
	stack->handle.pool_index = pool_index + 1;
	stack->handle.offset = pool_offset >> DEPOT_STACK_ALIGN;
	stack->handle.extra = 0;
	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&stack->hash_list);

	pool_offset += size;

	return stack;
}

/* Try to find next free usable entry from the freelist. */
static struct stack_record *depot_pop_free(void)
{
	struct stack_record *stack;

	lockdep_assert_held(&pool_lock);

	if (list_empty(&free_stacks))
		return NULL;

	/*
	 * We maintain the invariant that the elements in front are least
	 * recently used, and are therefore more likely to be associated with an
	 * RCU grace period in the past. Consequently it is sufficient to only
	 * check the first entry.
	 */
	stack = list_first_entry(&free_stacks, struct stack_record, free_list);
	if (!poll_state_synchronize_rcu(stack->rcu_state))
		return NULL;

	list_del(&stack->free_list);
	counters[DEPOT_COUNTER_FREELIST_SIZE]--;

	return stack;
}

static inline size_t depot_stack_record_size(struct stack_record *s, unsigned int nr_entries)
{
	const size_t used = flex_array_size(s, entries, nr_entries);
	const size_t unused = sizeof(s->entries) - used;

	WARN_ON_ONCE(sizeof(s->entries) < used);

	return ALIGN(sizeof(struct stack_record) - unused, 1 << DEPOT_STACK_ALIGN);
}

/* Allocates a new stack in a stack depot pool. */
static struct stack_record *
depot_alloc_stack(unsigned long *entries, unsigned int nr_entries, u32 hash, depot_flags_t flags, void **prealloc)
{
	struct stack_record *stack = NULL;
	size_t record_size;

	lockdep_assert_held(&pool_lock);

	/* This should already be checked by public API entry points. */
	if (WARN_ON_ONCE(!nr_entries))
		return NULL;

	/* Limit number of saved frames to CONFIG_STACKDEPOT_MAX_FRAMES. */
	if (nr_entries > CONFIG_STACKDEPOT_MAX_FRAMES)
		nr_entries = CONFIG_STACKDEPOT_MAX_FRAMES;

	if (flags & STACK_DEPOT_FLAG_GET) {
		/*
		 * Evictable entries have to allocate the max. size so they may
		 * safely be re-used by differently sized allocations.
		 */
		record_size = depot_stack_record_size(stack, CONFIG_STACKDEPOT_MAX_FRAMES);
		stack = depot_pop_free();
	} else {
		record_size = depot_stack_record_size(stack, nr_entries);
	}

	if (!stack) {
		stack = depot_pop_free_pool(prealloc, record_size);
		if (!stack)
			return NULL;
	}

	/* Save the stack trace. */
	stack->hash = hash;
	stack->size = nr_entries;
	/* stack->handle is already filled in by depot_pop_free_pool(). */
	memcpy(stack->entries, entries, flex_array_size(stack, entries, nr_entries));

	if (flags & STACK_DEPOT_FLAG_GET) {
		refcount_set(&stack->count, 1);
		counters[DEPOT_COUNTER_REFD_ALLOCS]++;
		counters[DEPOT_COUNTER_REFD_INUSE]++;
	} else {
		/* Warn on attempts to switch to refcounting this entry. */
		refcount_set(&stack->count, REFCOUNT_SATURATED);
		counters[DEPOT_COUNTER_PERSIST_COUNT]++;
		counters[DEPOT_COUNTER_PERSIST_BYTES] += record_size;
	}

	/*
	 * Let KMSAN know the stored stack record is initialized. This shall
	 * prevent false positive reports if instrumented code accesses it.
	 */
	kmsan_unpoison_memory(stack, record_size);

	return stack;
}

static struct stack_record *depot_fetch_stack(depot_stack_handle_t handle)
{
	const int pools_num_cached = READ_ONCE(pools_num);
	union handle_parts parts = { .handle = handle };
	void *pool;
	u32 pool_index = parts.pool_index - 1;
	size_t offset = parts.offset << DEPOT_STACK_ALIGN;
	struct stack_record *stack;

	lockdep_assert_not_held(&pool_lock);

	if (pool_index >= pools_num_cached) {
		WARN(1, "pool index %d out of bounds (%d) for stack id %08x\n",
		     pool_index, pools_num_cached, handle);
		return NULL;
	}

	pool = stack_pools[pool_index];
	if (WARN_ON(!pool))
		return NULL;

	stack = pool + offset;
	if (WARN_ON(!refcount_read(&stack->count)))
		return NULL;

	return stack;
}

/* Links stack into the freelist. */
static void depot_free_stack(struct stack_record *stack)
{
	unsigned long flags;

	lockdep_assert_not_held(&pool_lock);

	raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&pool_lock, flags);
	printk_deferred_enter();

	/*
	 * Remove the entry from the hash list. Concurrent list traversal may
	 * still observe the entry, but since the refcount is zero, this entry
	 * will no longer be considered as valid.
	 */
	list_del_rcu(&stack->hash_list);

	/*
	 * Due to being used from constrained contexts such as the allocators,
	 * NMI, or even RCU itself, stack depot cannot rely on primitives that
	 * would sleep (such as synchronize_rcu()) or recursively call into
	 * stack depot again (such as call_rcu()).
	 *
	 * Instead, get an RCU cookie, so that we can ensure this entry isn't
	 * moved onto another list until the next grace period, and concurrent
	 * RCU list traversal remains safe.
	 */
	stack->rcu_state = get_state_synchronize_rcu();

	/*
	 * Add the entry to the freelist tail, so that older entries are
	 * considered first - their RCU cookie is more likely to no longer be
	 * associated with the current grace period.
	 */
	list_add_tail(&stack->free_list, &free_stacks);

	counters[DEPOT_COUNTER_FREELIST_SIZE]++;
	counters[DEPOT_COUNTER_REFD_FREES]++;
	counters[DEPOT_COUNTER_REFD_INUSE]--;

	printk_deferred_exit();
	raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&pool_lock, flags);
}

/* Calculates the hash for a stack. */
static inline u32 hash_stack(unsigned long *entries, unsigned int size)
{
	return jhash2((u32 *)entries,
		      array_size(size,  sizeof(*entries)) / sizeof(u32),
		      STACK_HASH_SEED);
}

/*
 * Non-instrumented version of memcmp().
 * Does not check the lexicographical order, only the equality.
 */
static inline
int stackdepot_memcmp(const unsigned long *u1, const unsigned long *u2,
			unsigned int n)
{
	for ( ; n-- ; u1++, u2++) {
		if (*u1 != *u2)
			return 1;
	}
	return 0;
}

/* Finds a stack in a bucket of the hash table. */
static inline struct stack_record *find_stack(struct list_head *bucket,
					      unsigned long *entries, int size,
					      u32 hash, depot_flags_t flags)
{
	struct stack_record *stack, *ret = NULL;

	/*
	 * Stack depot may be used from instrumentation that instruments RCU or
	 * tracing itself; use variant that does not call into RCU and cannot be
	 * traced.
	 *
	 * Note: Such use cases must take care when using refcounting to evict
	 * unused entries, because the stack record free-then-reuse code paths
	 * do call into RCU.
	 */
	rcu_read_lock_sched_notrace();

	list_for_each_entry_rcu(stack, bucket, hash_list) {
		if (stack->hash != hash || stack->size != size)
			continue;

		/*
		 * This may race with depot_free_stack() accessing the freelist
		 * management state unioned with @entries. The refcount is zero
		 * in that case and the below refcount_inc_not_zero() will fail.
		 */
		if (data_race(stackdepot_memcmp(entries, stack->entries, size)))
			continue;

		/*
		 * Try to increment refcount. If this succeeds, the stack record
		 * is valid and has not yet been freed.
		 *
		 * If STACK_DEPOT_FLAG_GET is not used, it is undefined behavior
		 * to then call stack_depot_put() later, and we can assume that
		 * a stack record is never placed back on the freelist.
		 */
		if ((flags & STACK_DEPOT_FLAG_GET) && !refcount_inc_not_zero(&stack->count))
			continue;

		ret = stack;
		break;
	}

	rcu_read_unlock_sched_notrace();

	return ret;
}

depot_stack_handle_t stack_depot_save_flags(unsigned long *entries,
					    unsigned int nr_entries,
					    gfp_t alloc_flags,
					    depot_flags_t depot_flags)
{
	struct list_head *bucket;
	struct stack_record *found = NULL;
	depot_stack_handle_t handle = 0;
	struct page *page = NULL;
	void *prealloc = NULL;
	bool can_alloc = depot_flags & STACK_DEPOT_FLAG_CAN_ALLOC;
	unsigned long flags;
	u32 hash;

	if (WARN_ON(depot_flags & ~STACK_DEPOT_FLAGS_MASK))
		return 0;

	/*
	 * If this stack trace is from an interrupt, including anything before
	 * interrupt entry usually leads to unbounded stack depot growth.
	 *
	 * Since use of filter_irq_stacks() is a requirement to ensure stack
	 * depot can efficiently deduplicate interrupt stacks, always
	 * filter_irq_stacks() to simplify all callers' use of stack depot.
	 */
	nr_entries = filter_irq_stacks(entries, nr_entries);

	if (unlikely(nr_entries == 0) || stack_depot_disabled)
		return 0;

	hash = hash_stack(entries, nr_entries);
	bucket = &stack_table[hash & stack_hash_mask];

	/* Fast path: look the stack trace up without locking. */
	found = find_stack(bucket, entries, nr_entries, hash, depot_flags);
	if (found)
		goto exit;

	/*
	 * Allocate memory for a new pool if required now:
	 * we won't be able to do that under the lock.
	 */
	if (unlikely(can_alloc && !READ_ONCE(new_pool))) {
		/*
		 * Zero out zone modifiers, as we don't have specific zone
		 * requirements. Keep the flags related to allocation in atomic
		 * contexts and I/O.
		 */
		alloc_flags &= ~GFP_ZONEMASK;
		alloc_flags &= (GFP_ATOMIC | GFP_KERNEL);
		alloc_flags |= __GFP_NOWARN;
		page = alloc_pages(alloc_flags, DEPOT_POOL_ORDER);
		if (page)
			prealloc = page_address(page);
	}

	raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&pool_lock, flags);
	printk_deferred_enter();

	/* Try to find again, to avoid concurrently inserting duplicates. */
	found = find_stack(bucket, entries, nr_entries, hash, depot_flags);
	if (!found) {
		struct stack_record *new =
			depot_alloc_stack(entries, nr_entries, hash, depot_flags, &prealloc);

		if (new) {
			/*
			 * This releases the stack record into the bucket and
			 * makes it visible to readers in find_stack().
			 */
			list_add_rcu(&new->hash_list, bucket);
			found = new;
		}
	}

	if (prealloc) {
		/*
		 * Either stack depot already contains this stack trace, or
		 * depot_alloc_stack() did not consume the preallocated memory.
		 * Try to keep the preallocated memory for future.
		 */
		depot_keep_new_pool(&prealloc);
	}

	printk_deferred_exit();
	raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&pool_lock, flags);
exit:
	if (prealloc) {
		/* Stack depot didn't use this memory, free it. */
		free_pages((unsigned long)prealloc, DEPOT_POOL_ORDER);
	}
	if (found)
		handle = found->handle.handle;
	return handle;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(stack_depot_save_flags);

depot_stack_handle_t stack_depot_save(unsigned long *entries,
				      unsigned int nr_entries,
				      gfp_t alloc_flags)
{
	return stack_depot_save_flags(entries, nr_entries, alloc_flags,
				      STACK_DEPOT_FLAG_CAN_ALLOC);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(stack_depot_save);

struct stack_record *__stack_depot_get_stack_record(depot_stack_handle_t handle)
{
	if (!handle)
		return NULL;

	return depot_fetch_stack(handle);
}

unsigned int stack_depot_fetch(depot_stack_handle_t handle,
			       unsigned long **entries)
{
	struct stack_record *stack;

	*entries = NULL;
	/*
	 * Let KMSAN know *entries is initialized. This shall prevent false
	 * positive reports if instrumented code accesses it.
	 */
	kmsan_unpoison_memory(entries, sizeof(*entries));

	if (!handle || stack_depot_disabled)
		return 0;

	stack = depot_fetch_stack(handle);
	/*
	 * Should never be NULL, otherwise this is a use-after-put (or just a
	 * corrupt handle).
	 */
	if (WARN(!stack, "corrupt handle or use after stack_depot_put()"))
		return 0;

	*entries = stack->entries;
	return stack->size;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(stack_depot_fetch);

void stack_depot_put(depot_stack_handle_t handle)
{
	struct stack_record *stack;

	if (!handle || stack_depot_disabled)
		return;

	stack = depot_fetch_stack(handle);
	/*
	 * Should always be able to find the stack record, otherwise this is an
	 * unbalanced put attempt (or corrupt handle).
	 */
	if (WARN(!stack, "corrupt handle or unbalanced stack_depot_put()"))
		return;

	if (refcount_dec_and_test(&stack->count))
		depot_free_stack(stack);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(stack_depot_put);

void stack_depot_print(depot_stack_handle_t stack)
{
	unsigned long *entries;
	unsigned int nr_entries;

	nr_entries = stack_depot_fetch(stack, &entries);
	if (nr_entries > 0)
		stack_trace_print(entries, nr_entries, 0);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(stack_depot_print);

int stack_depot_snprint(depot_stack_handle_t handle, char *buf, size_t size,
		       int spaces)
{
	unsigned long *entries;
	unsigned int nr_entries;

	nr_entries = stack_depot_fetch(handle, &entries);
	return nr_entries ? stack_trace_snprint(buf, size, entries, nr_entries,
						spaces) : 0;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(stack_depot_snprint);

depot_stack_handle_t __must_check stack_depot_set_extra_bits(
			depot_stack_handle_t handle, unsigned int extra_bits)
{
	union handle_parts parts = { .handle = handle };

	/* Don't set extra bits on empty handles. */
	if (!handle)
		return 0;

	parts.extra = extra_bits;
	return parts.handle;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(stack_depot_set_extra_bits);

unsigned int stack_depot_get_extra_bits(depot_stack_handle_t handle)
{
	union handle_parts parts = { .handle = handle };

	return parts.extra;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(stack_depot_get_extra_bits);

static int stats_show(struct seq_file *seq, void *v)
{
	/*
	 * data race ok: These are just statistics counters, and approximate
	 * statistics are ok for debugging.
	 */
	seq_printf(seq, "pools: %d\n", data_race(pools_num));
	for (int i = 0; i < DEPOT_COUNTER_COUNT; i++)
		seq_printf(seq, "%s: %ld\n", counter_names[i], data_race(counters[i]));

	return 0;
}
DEFINE_SHOW_ATTRIBUTE(stats);

static int depot_debugfs_init(void)
{
	struct dentry *dir;

	if (stack_depot_disabled)
		return 0;

	dir = debugfs_create_dir("stackdepot", NULL);
	debugfs_create_file("stats", 0444, dir, NULL, &stats_fops);
	return 0;
}
late_initcall(depot_debugfs_init);