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There are sleep in atomic context bugs when the request to secure element of st21nfca is timeout. The root cause is that kzalloc and alloc_skb with GFP_KERNEL parameter and mutex_lock are called in st21nfca_se_wt_timeout which is a timer handler. The call tree shows the execution paths that could lead to bugs: (Interrupt context) st21nfca_se_wt_timeout nfc_hci_send_event nfc_hci_hcp_message_tx kzalloc(..., GFP_KERNEL) //may sleep alloc_skb(..., GFP_KERNEL) //may sleep mutex_lock() //may sleep This patch moves the operations that may sleep into a work item. The work item will run in another kernel thread which is in process context to execute the bottom half of the interrupt. So it could prevent atomic context from sleeping. Fixes: 2130fb97fecf ("NFC: st21nfca: Adding support for secure element") Signed-off-by: Duoming Zhou <duoming@zju.edu.cn> Reviewed-by: Krzysztof Kozlowski <krzysztof.kozlowski@linaro.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220518115733.62111-1-duoming@zju.edu.cn Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>