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Working around Cortex-A53 erratum #843419 involves special handling of ADRP instructions that end up in the last two instruction slots of a 4k page, or whose output register gets overwritten without having been read. (Note that the latter instruction sequence is never emitted by a properly functioning compiler, which is why it is disregarded by the handling of the same erratum in the bfd.ld linker which we rely on for the core kernel) Normally, this gets taken care of by the linker, which can spot such sequences at final link time, and insert a veneer if the ADRP ends up at a vulnerable offset. However, linux kernel modules are partially linked ELF objects, and so there is no 'final link time' other than the runtime loading of the module, at which time all the static relocations are resolved. For this reason, we have implemented the #843419 workaround for modules by avoiding ADRP instructions altogether, by using the large C model, and by passing -mpc-relative-literal-loads to recent versions of GCC that may emit adrp/ldr pairs to perform literal loads. However, this workaround forces us to keep literal data mixed with the instructions in the executable .text segment, and literal data may inadvertently turn into an exploitable speculative gadget depending on the relative offsets of arbitrary symbols. So let's reimplement this workaround in a way that allows us to switch back to the small C model, and to drop the -mpc-relative-literal-loads GCC switch, by patching affected ADRP instructions at runtime: - ADRP instructions that do not appear at 4k relative offset 0xff8 or 0xffc are ignored - ADRP instructions that are within 1 MB of their target symbol are converted into ADR instructions - remaining ADRP instructions are redirected via a veneer that performs the load using an unaffected movn/movk sequence. Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org> [will: tidied up ADRP -> ADR instruction patching.] [will: use ULL suffix for 64-bit immediate] Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Linux kernel ============ This file was moved to Documentation/admin-guide/README.rst Please notice that there are several guides for kernel developers and users. These guides can be rendered in a number of formats, like HTML and PDF. In order to build the documentation, use ``make htmldocs`` or ``make pdfdocs``. There are various text files in the Documentation/ subdirectory, several of them using the Restructured Text markup notation. See Documentation/00-INDEX for a list of what is contained in each file. Please read the Documentation/process/changes.rst file, as it contains the requirements for building and running the kernel, and information about the problems which may result by upgrading your kernel.