4454d38261
We appear to have a gap in our process docs. We go into detail on how to contribute code to the kernel, and how to be a subsystem maintainer. I can't find any docs directed towards the thousands of small scale maintainers, like folks maintaining a single driver or a single network protocol. Document our expectations and best practices. I'm hoping this doc will be particularly useful to set expectations with HW vendors. Reviewed-by: Andrew Lunn <andrew@lunn.ch> Reviewed-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org> Reviewed-by: Krzysztof Kozlowski <krzk@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Leon Romanovsky <leonro@nvidia.com> Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Simon Horman <simon.horman@corigine.com> Reviewed-by: Martin Habets <habetsm.xilinx@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Conor Dooley <conor.dooley@microchip.com> Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230719183225.1827100-1-kuba@kernel.org
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.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
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==============================
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Feature and driver maintainers
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==============================
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The term "maintainer" spans a very wide range of levels of engagement
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from people handling patches and pull requests as almost a full time job
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to people responsible for a small feature or a driver.
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Unlike most of the chapter, this section is meant for the latter (more
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populous) group. It provides tips and describes the expectations and
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responsibilities of maintainers of a small(ish) section of the code.
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Drivers and alike most often do not have their own mailing lists and
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git trees but instead send and review patches on the list of a larger
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subsystem.
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Responsibilities
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================
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The amount of maintenance work is usually proportional to the size
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and popularity of the code base. Small features and drivers should
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require relatively small amount of care and feeding. Nonetheless
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when the work does arrive (in form of patches which need review,
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user bug reports etc.) it has to be acted upon promptly.
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Even when a particular driver only sees one patch a month, or a quarter,
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a subsystem could well have a hundred such drivers. Subsystem
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maintainers cannot afford to wait a long time to hear from reviewers.
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The exact expectations on the response time will vary by subsystem.
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The patch review SLA the subsystem had set for itself can sometimes
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be found in the subsystem documentation. Failing that as a rule of thumb
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reviewers should try to respond quicker than what is the usual patch
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review delay of the subsystem maintainer. The resulting expectations
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may range from two working days for fast-paced subsystems (e.g. networking)
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to as long as a few weeks in slower moving parts of the kernel.
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Mailing list participation
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--------------------------
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Linux kernel uses mailing lists as the primary form of communication.
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Maintainers must be subscribed and follow the appropriate subsystem-wide
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mailing list. Either by subscribing to the whole list or using more
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modern, selective setup like
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`lei <https://people.kernel.org/monsieuricon/lore-lei-part-1-getting-started>`_.
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Maintainers must know how to communicate on the list (plain text, no invasive
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legal footers, no top posting, etc.)
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Reviews
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-------
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Maintainers must review *all* patches touching exclusively their drivers,
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no matter how trivial. If the patch is a tree wide change and modifies
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multiple drivers - whether to provide a review is left to the maintainer.
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When there are multiple maintainers for a piece of code an ``Acked-by``
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or ``Reviewed-by`` tag (or review comments) from a single maintainer is
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enough to satisfy this requirement.
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If the review process or validation for a particular change will take longer
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than the expected review timeline for the subsystem, maintainer should
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reply to the submission indicating that the work is being done, and when
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to expect full results.
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Refactoring and core changes
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----------------------------
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Occasionally core code needs to be changed to improve the maintainability
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of the kernel as a whole. Maintainers are expected to be present and
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help guide and test changes to their code to fit the new infrastructure.
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Bug reports
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-----------
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Maintainers must ensure severe problems in their code reported to them
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are resolved in a timely manner: regressions, kernel crashes, kernel warnings,
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compilation errors, lockups, data loss, and other bugs of similar scope.
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Maintainers furthermore should respond to reports about other kinds of
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bugs as well, if the report is of reasonable quality or indicates a
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problem that might be severe -- especially if they have *Supported*
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status of the codebase in the MAINTAINERS file.
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Selecting the maintainer
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========================
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The previous section described the expectations of the maintainer,
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this section provides guidance on selecting one and describes common
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misconceptions.
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The author
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----------
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Most natural and common choice of a maintainer is the author of the code.
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The author is intimately familiar with the code, so it is the best person
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to take care of it on an ongoing basis.
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That said, being a maintainer is an active role. The MAINTAINERS file
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is not a list of credits (in fact a separate CREDITS file exists),
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it is a list of those who will actively help with the code.
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If the author does not have the time, interest or ability to maintain
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the code, a different maintainer must be selected.
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Multiple maintainers
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--------------------
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Modern best practices dictate that there should be at least two maintainers
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for any piece of code, no matter how trivial. It spreads the burden, helps
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people take vacations and prevents burnout, trains new members of
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the community etc. etc. Even when there is clearly one perfect candidate,
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another maintainer should be found.
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Maintainers must be human, therefore, it is not acceptable to add a mailing
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list or a group email as a maintainer. Trust and understanding are the
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foundation of kernel maintenance and one cannot build trust with a mailing
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list. Having a mailing list *in addition* to humans is perfectly fine.
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Corporate structures
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--------------------
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To an outsider the Linux kernel may resemble a hierarchical organization
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with Linus as the CEO. While the code flows in a hierarchical fashion,
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the corporate template does not apply here. Linux is an anarchy held
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together by (rarely expressed) mutual respect, trust and convenience.
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All that is to say that managers almost never make good maintainers.
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The maintainer position more closely matches an on-call rotation
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than a position of power.
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The following characteristics of a person selected as a maintainer
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are clear red flags:
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- unknown to the community, never sent an email to the list before
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- did not author any of the code
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- (when development is contracted) works for a company which paid
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for the development rather than the company which did the work
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Non compliance
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==============
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Subsystem maintainers may remove inactive maintainers from the MAINTAINERS
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file. If the maintainer was a significant author or played an important
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role in the development of the code, they should be moved to the CREDITS file.
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Removing an inactive maintainer should not be seen as a punitive action.
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Having an inactive maintainer has a real cost as all developers have
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to remember to include the maintainers in discussions and subsystem
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maintainers spend brain power figuring out how to solicit feedback.
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Subsystem maintainers may remove code for lacking maintenance.
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Subsystem maintainers may refuse accepting code from companies
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which repeatedly neglected their maintainership duties.
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