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Yu Zhao ac35a49023 mm: multi-gen LRU: minimal implementation
To avoid confusion, the terms "promotion" and "demotion" will be applied
to the multi-gen LRU, as a new convention; the terms "activation" and
"deactivation" will be applied to the active/inactive LRU, as usual.

The aging produces young generations.  Given an lruvec, it increments
max_seq when max_seq-min_seq+1 approaches MIN_NR_GENS.  The aging promotes
hot pages to the youngest generation when it finds them accessed through
page tables; the demotion of cold pages happens consequently when it
increments max_seq.  Promotion in the aging path does not involve any LRU
list operations, only the updates of the gen counter and
lrugen->nr_pages[]; demotion, unless as the result of the increment of
max_seq, requires LRU list operations, e.g., lru_deactivate_fn().  The
aging has the complexity O(nr_hot_pages), since it is only interested in
hot pages.

The eviction consumes old generations.  Given an lruvec, it increments
min_seq when lrugen->lists[] indexed by min_seq%MAX_NR_GENS becomes empty.
A feedback loop modeled after the PID controller monitors refaults over
anon and file types and decides which type to evict when both types are
available from the same generation.

The protection of pages accessed multiple times through file descriptors
takes place in the eviction path.  Each generation is divided into
multiple tiers.  A page accessed N times through file descriptors is in
tier order_base_2(N).  Tiers do not have dedicated lrugen->lists[], only
bits in folio->flags.  The aforementioned feedback loop also monitors
refaults over all tiers and decides when to protect pages in which tiers
(N>1), using the first tier (N=0,1) as a baseline.  The first tier
contains single-use unmapped clean pages, which are most likely the best
choices.  In contrast to promotion in the aging path, the protection of a
page in the eviction path is achieved by moving this page to the next
generation, i.e., min_seq+1, if the feedback loop decides so.  This
approach has the following advantages:

1. It removes the cost of activation in the buffered access path by
   inferring whether pages accessed multiple times through file
   descriptors are statistically hot and thus worth protecting in the
   eviction path.
2. It takes pages accessed through page tables into account and avoids
   overprotecting pages accessed multiple times through file
   descriptors. (Pages accessed through page tables are in the first
   tier, since N=0.)
3. More tiers provide better protection for pages accessed more than
   twice through file descriptors, when under heavy buffered I/O
   workloads.

Server benchmark results:
  Single workload:
    fio (buffered I/O): +[30, 32]%
                IOPS         BW
      5.19-rc1: 2673k        10.2GiB/s
      patch1-6: 3491k        13.3GiB/s

  Single workload:
    memcached (anon): -[4, 6]%
                Ops/sec      KB/sec
      5.19-rc1: 1161501.04   45177.25
      patch1-6: 1106168.46   43025.04

  Configurations:
    CPU: two Xeon 6154
    Mem: total 256G

    Node 1 was only used as a ram disk to reduce the variance in the
    results.

    patch drivers/block/brd.c <<EOF
    99,100c99,100
    < 	gfp_flags = GFP_NOIO | __GFP_ZERO | __GFP_HIGHMEM;
    < 	page = alloc_page(gfp_flags);
    ---
    > 	gfp_flags = GFP_NOIO | __GFP_ZERO | __GFP_HIGHMEM | __GFP_THISNODE;
    > 	page = alloc_pages_node(1, gfp_flags, 0);
    EOF

    cat >>/etc/systemd/system.conf <<EOF
    CPUAffinity=numa
    NUMAPolicy=bind
    NUMAMask=0
    EOF

    cat >>/etc/memcached.conf <<EOF
    -m 184320
    -s /var/run/memcached/memcached.sock
    -a 0766
    -t 36
    -B binary
    EOF

    cat fio.sh
    modprobe brd rd_nr=1 rd_size=113246208
    swapoff -a
    mkfs.ext4 /dev/ram0
    mount -t ext4 /dev/ram0 /mnt

    mkdir /sys/fs/cgroup/user.slice/test
    echo 38654705664 >/sys/fs/cgroup/user.slice/test/memory.max
    echo $$ >/sys/fs/cgroup/user.slice/test/cgroup.procs
    fio -name=mglru --numjobs=72 --directory=/mnt --size=1408m \
      --buffered=1 --ioengine=io_uring --iodepth=128 \
      --iodepth_batch_submit=32 --iodepth_batch_complete=32 \
      --rw=randread --random_distribution=random --norandommap \
      --time_based --ramp_time=10m --runtime=5m --group_reporting

    cat memcached.sh
    modprobe brd rd_nr=1 rd_size=113246208
    swapoff -a
    mkswap /dev/ram0
    swapon /dev/ram0

    memtier_benchmark -S /var/run/memcached/memcached.sock \
      -P memcache_binary -n allkeys --key-minimum=1 \
      --key-maximum=65000000 --key-pattern=P:P -c 1 -t 36 \
      --ratio 1:0 --pipeline 8 -d 2000

    memtier_benchmark -S /var/run/memcached/memcached.sock \
      -P memcache_binary -n allkeys --key-minimum=1 \
      --key-maximum=65000000 --key-pattern=R:R -c 1 -t 36 \
      --ratio 0:1 --pipeline 8 --randomize --distinct-client-seed

Client benchmark results:
  kswapd profiles:
    5.19-rc1
      40.33%  page_vma_mapped_walk (overhead)
      21.80%  lzo1x_1_do_compress (real work)
       7.53%  do_raw_spin_lock
       3.95%  _raw_spin_unlock_irq
       2.52%  vma_interval_tree_iter_next
       2.37%  folio_referenced_one
       2.28%  vma_interval_tree_subtree_search
       1.97%  anon_vma_interval_tree_iter_first
       1.60%  ptep_clear_flush
       1.06%  __zram_bvec_write

    patch1-6
      39.03%  lzo1x_1_do_compress (real work)
      18.47%  page_vma_mapped_walk (overhead)
       6.74%  _raw_spin_unlock_irq
       3.97%  do_raw_spin_lock
       2.49%  ptep_clear_flush
       2.48%  anon_vma_interval_tree_iter_first
       1.92%  folio_referenced_one
       1.88%  __zram_bvec_write
       1.48%  memmove
       1.31%  vma_interval_tree_iter_next

  Configurations:
    CPU: single Snapdragon 7c
    Mem: total 4G

    ChromeOS MemoryPressure [1]

[1] https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromiumos/platform/tast-tests/

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220918080010.2920238-7-yuzhao@google.com
Signed-off-by: Yu Zhao <yuzhao@google.com>
Acked-by: Brian Geffon <bgeffon@google.com>
Acked-by: Jan Alexander Steffens (heftig) <heftig@archlinux.org>
Acked-by: Oleksandr Natalenko <oleksandr@natalenko.name>
Acked-by: Steven Barrett <steven@liquorix.net>
Acked-by: Suleiman Souhlal <suleiman@google.com>
Tested-by: Daniel Byrne <djbyrne@mtu.edu>
Tested-by: Donald Carr <d@chaos-reins.com>
Tested-by: Holger Hoffstätte <holger@applied-asynchrony.com>
Tested-by: Konstantin Kharlamov <Hi-Angel@yandex.ru>
Tested-by: Shuang Zhai <szhai2@cs.rochester.edu>
Tested-by: Sofia Trinh <sofia.trinh@edi.works>
Tested-by: Vaibhav Jain <vaibhav@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: Barry Song <baohua@kernel.org>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <hdanton@sina.com>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Miaohe Lin <linmiaohe@huawei.com>
Cc: Michael Larabel <Michael@MichaelLarabel.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org>
Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Qi Zheng <zhengqi.arch@bytedance.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2022-09-26 19:46:09 -07:00
arch mm: x86: add CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_NONLEAF_PMD_YOUNG 2022-09-26 19:46:08 -07:00
block block-6.0-2022-08-26 2022-08-26 11:05:54 -07:00
certs Kbuild updates for v5.20 2022-08-10 10:40:41 -07:00
crypto crypto: blake2b: effectively disable frame size warning 2022-08-10 17:59:11 -07:00
Documentation filemap: make the accounting of thrashing more consistent 2022-09-26 19:46:06 -07:00
drivers mm: kill is_memblock_offlined() 2022-09-11 20:26:04 -07:00
fs mm: multi-gen LRU: groundwork 2022-09-26 19:46:09 -07:00
include mm: multi-gen LRU: minimal implementation 2022-09-26 19:46:09 -07:00
init page_ext: introduce boot parameter 'early_page_ext' 2022-09-11 20:26:02 -07:00
io_uring io_uring/net: save address for sendzc async execution 2022-08-25 07:52:30 -06:00
ipc Updates to various subsystems which I help look after. lib, ocfs2, 2022-08-07 10:03:24 -07:00
kernel mm: multi-gen LRU: minimal implementation 2022-09-26 19:46:09 -07:00
lib bitmap fixes for v6.0-rc3 2022-08-28 14:36:27 -07:00
LICENSES LICENSES/LGPL-2.1: Add LGPL-2.1-or-later as valid identifiers 2021-12-16 14:33:10 +01:00
mm mm: multi-gen LRU: minimal implementation 2022-09-26 19:46:09 -07:00
net Including fixes from ipsec and netfilter (with one broken Fixes tag). 2022-08-25 14:03:58 -07:00
samples Tracing updates for 5.20 / 6.0 2022-08-05 09:41:12 -07:00
scripts asm goto: eradicate CC_HAS_ASM_GOTO 2022-08-21 10:06:28 -07:00
security hardening fixes for v6.0-rc2 2022-08-19 13:56:14 -07:00
sound sound fixes for 6.0-rc2 2022-08-19 09:46:11 -07:00
tools Merge branch 'mm-hotfixes-stable' into mm-stable 2022-09-26 13:13:15 -07:00
usr Not a lot of material this cycle. Many singleton patches against various 2022-05-27 11:22:03 -07:00
virt KVM: Drop unnecessary initialization of "ops" in kvm_ioctl_create_device() 2022-08-19 04:05:43 -04:00
.clang-format PCI/DOE: Add DOE mailbox support functions 2022-07-19 15:38:04 -07:00
.cocciconfig
.get_maintainer.ignore get_maintainer: add Alan to .get_maintainer.ignore 2022-08-20 15:17:44 -07:00
.gitattributes .gitattributes: use 'dts' diff driver for dts files 2019-12-04 19:44:11 -08:00
.gitignore kbuild: split the second line of *.mod into *.usyms 2022-05-08 03:16:59 +09:00
.mailmap .mailmap: update Luca Ceresoli's e-mail address 2022-08-28 14:02:46 -07:00
COPYING COPYING: state that all contributions really are covered by this file 2020-02-10 13:32:20 -08:00
CREDITS drm for 5.20/6.0 2022-08-03 19:52:08 -07:00
Kbuild kbuild: rename hostprogs-y/always to hostprogs/always-y 2020-02-04 01:53:07 +09:00
Kconfig kbuild: ensure full rebuild when the compiler is updated 2020-05-12 13:28:33 +09:00
MAINTAINERS bitmap fixes for v6.0-rc3 2022-08-28 14:36:27 -07:00
Makefile Linux 6.0-rc3 2022-08-28 15:05:29 -07:00
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