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e420bed025
linux/net/sched/sch_ingress.c
Daniel Borkmann e420bed025 bpf: Add fd-based tcx multi-prog infra with link support 
This work refactors and adds a lightweight extension ("tcx") to the tc BPF
ingress and egress data path side for allowing BPF program management based
on fds via bpf() syscall through the newly added generic multi-prog API.
The main goal behind this work which we also presented at LPC [0] last year
and a recent update at LSF/MM/BPF this year [3] is to support long-awaited
BPF link functionality for tc BPF programs, which allows for a model of safe
ownership and program detachment.

Given the rise in tc BPF users in cloud native environments, this becomes
necessary to avoid hard to debug incidents either through stale leftover
programs or 3rd party applications accidentally stepping on each others toes.
As a recap, a BPF link represents the attachment of a BPF program to a BPF
hook point. The BPF link holds a single reference to keep BPF program alive.
Moreover, hook points do not reference a BPF link, only the application's
fd or pinning does. A BPF link holds meta-data specific to attachment and
implements operations for link creation, (atomic) BPF program update,
detachment and introspection. The motivation for BPF links for tc BPF programs
is multi-fold, for example:

  - From Meta: "It's especially important for applications that are deployed
    fleet-wide and that don't "control" hosts they are deployed to. If such
    application crashes and no one notices and does anything about that, BPF
    program will keep running draining resources or even just, say, dropping
    packets. We at FB had outages due to such permanent BPF attachment
    semantics. With fd-based BPF link we are getting a framework, which allows
    safe, auto-detachable behavior by default, unless application explicitly
    opts in by pinning the BPF link." [1]

  - From Cilium-side the tc BPF programs we attach to host-facing veth devices
    and phys devices build the core datapath for Kubernetes Pods, and they
    implement forwarding, load-balancing, policy, EDT-management, etc, within
    BPF. Currently there is no concept of 'safe' ownership, e.g. we've recently
    experienced hard-to-debug issues in a user's staging environment where
    another Kubernetes application using tc BPF attached to the same prio/handle
    of cls_bpf, accidentally wiping all Cilium-based BPF programs from underneath
    it. The goal is to establish a clear/safe ownership model via links which
    cannot accidentally be overridden. [0,2]

BPF links for tc can co-exist with non-link attachments, and the semantics are
in line also with XDP links: BPF links cannot replace other BPF links, BPF
links cannot replace non-BPF links, non-BPF links cannot replace BPF links and
lastly only non-BPF links can replace non-BPF links. In case of Cilium, this
would solve mentioned issue of safe ownership model as 3rd party applications
would not be able to accidentally wipe Cilium programs, even if they are not
BPF link aware.

Earlier attempts [4] have tried to integrate BPF links into core tc machinery
to solve cls_bpf, which has been intrusive to the generic tc kernel API with
extensions only specific to cls_bpf and suboptimal/complex since cls_bpf could
be wiped from the qdisc also. Locking a tc BPF program in place this way, is
getting into layering hacks given the two object models are vastly different.

We instead implemented the tcx (tc 'express') layer which is an fd-based tc BPF
attach API, so that the BPF link implementation blends in naturally similar to
other link types which are fd-based and without the need for changing core tc
internal APIs. BPF programs for tc can then be successively migrated from classic
cls_bpf to the new tc BPF link without needing to change the program's source
code, just the BPF loader mechanics for attaching is sufficient.

For the current tc framework, there is no change in behavior with this change
and neither does this change touch on tc core kernel APIs. The gist of this
patch is that the ingress and egress hook have a lightweight, qdisc-less
extension for BPF to attach its tc BPF programs, in other words, a minimal
entry point for tc BPF. The name tcx has been suggested from discussion of
earlier revisions of this work as a good fit, and to more easily differ between
the classic cls_bpf attachment and the fd-based one.

For the ingress and egress tcx points, the device holds a cache-friendly array
with program pointers which is separated from control plane (slow-path) data.
Earlier versions of this work used priority to determine ordering and expression
of dependencies similar as with classic tc, but it was challenged that for
something more future-proof a better user experience is required. Hence this
resulted in the design and development of the generic attach/detach/query API
for multi-progs. See prior patch with its discussion on the API design. tcx is
the first user and later we plan to integrate also others, for example, one
candidate is multi-prog support for XDP which would benefit and have the same
'look and feel' from API perspective.

The goal with tcx is to have maximum compatibility to existing tc BPF programs,
so they don't need to be rewritten specifically. Compatibility to call into
classic tcf_classify() is also provided in order to allow successive migration
or both to cleanly co-exist where needed given its all one logical tc layer and
the tcx plus classic tc cls/act build one logical overall processing pipeline.

tcx supports the simplified return codes TCX_NEXT which is non-terminating (go
to next program) and terminating ones with TCX_PASS, TCX_DROP, TCX_REDIRECT.
The fd-based API is behind a static key, so that when unused the code is also
not entered. The struct tcx_entry's program array is currently static, but
could be made dynamic if necessary at a point in future. The a/b pair swap
design has been chosen so that for detachment there are no allocations which
otherwise could fail.

The work has been tested with tc-testing selftest suite which all passes, as
well as the tc BPF tests from the BPF CI, and also with Cilium's L4LB.

Thanks also to Nikolay Aleksandrov and Martin Lau for in-depth early reviews
of this work.

  [0] https://lpc.events/event/16/contributions/1353/
  [1] https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/CAEf4BzbokCJN33Nw_kg82sO=xppXnKWEncGTWCTB9vGCmLB6pw@mail.gmail.com
  [2] https://colocatedeventseu2023.sched.com/event/1Jo6O/tales-from-an-ebpf-programs-murder-mystery-hemanth-malla-guillaume-fournier-datadog
  [3] http://vger.kernel.org/bpfconf2023_material/tcx_meta_netdev_borkmann.pdf
  [4] https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20210604063116.234316-1-memxor@gmail.com

Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Acked-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230719140858.13224-3-daniel@iogearbox.net
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
2023-07-19 10:07:27 -07:00

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// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
/* net/sched/sch_ingress.c - Ingress and clsact qdisc
*
* Authors: Jamal Hadi Salim 1999
*/
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/list.h>
#include <linux/skbuff.h>
#include <linux/rtnetlink.h>
#include <net/netlink.h>
#include <net/pkt_sched.h>
#include <net/pkt_cls.h>
#include <net/tcx.h>
struct ingress_sched_data {
struct tcf_block *block;
struct tcf_block_ext_info block_info;
struct mini_Qdisc_pair miniqp;
};
static struct Qdisc *ingress_leaf(struct Qdisc *sch, unsigned long arg)
{
return NULL;
}
static unsigned long ingress_find(struct Qdisc *sch, u32 classid)
{
return TC_H_MIN(classid) + 1;
}
static unsigned long ingress_bind_filter(struct Qdisc *sch,
unsigned long parent, u32 classid)
{
return ingress_find(sch, classid);
}
static void ingress_unbind_filter(struct Qdisc *sch, unsigned long cl)
{
}
static void ingress_walk(struct Qdisc *sch, struct qdisc_walker *walker)
{
}
static struct tcf_block *ingress_tcf_block(struct Qdisc *sch, unsigned long cl,
struct netlink_ext_ack *extack)
{
struct ingress_sched_data *q = qdisc_priv(sch);
return q->block;
}
static void clsact_chain_head_change(struct tcf_proto *tp_head, void *priv)
{
struct mini_Qdisc_pair *miniqp = priv;
mini_qdisc_pair_swap(miniqp, tp_head);
};
static void ingress_ingress_block_set(struct Qdisc *sch, u32 block_index)
{
struct ingress_sched_data *q = qdisc_priv(sch);
q->block_info.block_index = block_index;
}
static u32 ingress_ingress_block_get(struct Qdisc *sch)
{
struct ingress_sched_data *q = qdisc_priv(sch);
return q->block_info.block_index;
}
static int ingress_init(struct Qdisc *sch, struct nlattr *opt,
struct netlink_ext_ack *extack)
{
struct ingress_sched_data *q = qdisc_priv(sch);
struct net_device *dev = qdisc_dev(sch);
struct bpf_mprog_entry *entry;
bool created;
int err;
if (sch->parent != TC_H_INGRESS)
return -EOPNOTSUPP;
net_inc_ingress_queue();
entry = tcx_entry_fetch_or_create(dev, true, &created);
if (!entry)
return -ENOMEM;
tcx_miniq_set_active(entry, true);
mini_qdisc_pair_init(&q->miniqp, sch, &tcx_entry(entry)->miniq);
if (created)
tcx_entry_update(dev, entry, true);
q->block_info.binder_type = FLOW_BLOCK_BINDER_TYPE_CLSACT_INGRESS;
q->block_info.chain_head_change = clsact_chain_head_change;
q->block_info.chain_head_change_priv = &q->miniqp;
err = tcf_block_get_ext(&q->block, sch, &q->block_info, extack);
if (err)
return err;
mini_qdisc_pair_block_init(&q->miniqp, q->block);
return 0;
}
static void ingress_destroy(struct Qdisc *sch)
{
struct ingress_sched_data *q = qdisc_priv(sch);
struct net_device *dev = qdisc_dev(sch);
struct bpf_mprog_entry *entry = rtnl_dereference(dev->tcx_ingress);
if (sch->parent != TC_H_INGRESS)
return;
tcf_block_put_ext(q->block, sch, &q->block_info);
if (entry) {
tcx_miniq_set_active(entry, false);
if (!tcx_entry_is_active(entry)) {
tcx_entry_update(dev, NULL, false);
tcx_entry_free(entry);
}
}
net_dec_ingress_queue();
}
static int ingress_dump(struct Qdisc *sch, struct sk_buff *skb)
{
struct nlattr *nest;
nest = nla_nest_start_noflag(skb, TCA_OPTIONS);
if (nest == NULL)
goto nla_put_failure;
return nla_nest_end(skb, nest);
nla_put_failure:
nla_nest_cancel(skb, nest);
return -1;
}
static const struct Qdisc_class_ops ingress_class_ops = {
.flags = QDISC_CLASS_OPS_DOIT_UNLOCKED,
.leaf = ingress_leaf,
.find = ingress_find,
.walk = ingress_walk,
.tcf_block = ingress_tcf_block,
.bind_tcf = ingress_bind_filter,
.unbind_tcf = ingress_unbind_filter,
};
static struct Qdisc_ops ingress_qdisc_ops __read_mostly = {
.cl_ops = &ingress_class_ops,
.id = "ingress",
.priv_size = sizeof(struct ingress_sched_data),
.static_flags = TCQ_F_INGRESS | TCQ_F_CPUSTATS,
.init = ingress_init,
.destroy = ingress_destroy,
.dump = ingress_dump,
.ingress_block_set = ingress_ingress_block_set,
.ingress_block_get = ingress_ingress_block_get,
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
};
struct clsact_sched_data {
struct tcf_block *ingress_block;
struct tcf_block *egress_block;
struct tcf_block_ext_info ingress_block_info;
struct tcf_block_ext_info egress_block_info;
struct mini_Qdisc_pair miniqp_ingress;
struct mini_Qdisc_pair miniqp_egress;
};
static unsigned long clsact_find(struct Qdisc *sch, u32 classid)
{
switch (TC_H_MIN(classid)) {
case TC_H_MIN(TC_H_MIN_INGRESS):
case TC_H_MIN(TC_H_MIN_EGRESS):
return TC_H_MIN(classid);
default:
return 0;
}
}
static unsigned long clsact_bind_filter(struct Qdisc *sch,
unsigned long parent, u32 classid)
{
return clsact_find(sch, classid);
}
static struct tcf_block *clsact_tcf_block(struct Qdisc *sch, unsigned long cl,
struct netlink_ext_ack *extack)
{
struct clsact_sched_data *q = qdisc_priv(sch);
switch (cl) {
case TC_H_MIN(TC_H_MIN_INGRESS):
return q->ingress_block;
case TC_H_MIN(TC_H_MIN_EGRESS):
return q->egress_block;
default:
return NULL;
}
}
static void clsact_ingress_block_set(struct Qdisc *sch, u32 block_index)
{
struct clsact_sched_data *q = qdisc_priv(sch);
q->ingress_block_info.block_index = block_index;
}
static void clsact_egress_block_set(struct Qdisc *sch, u32 block_index)
{
struct clsact_sched_data *q = qdisc_priv(sch);
q->egress_block_info.block_index = block_index;
}
static u32 clsact_ingress_block_get(struct Qdisc *sch)
{
struct clsact_sched_data *q = qdisc_priv(sch);
return q->ingress_block_info.block_index;
}
static u32 clsact_egress_block_get(struct Qdisc *sch)
{
struct clsact_sched_data *q = qdisc_priv(sch);
return q->egress_block_info.block_index;
}
static int clsact_init(struct Qdisc *sch, struct nlattr *opt,
struct netlink_ext_ack *extack)
{
struct clsact_sched_data *q = qdisc_priv(sch);
struct net_device *dev = qdisc_dev(sch);
struct bpf_mprog_entry *entry;
bool created;
int err;
if (sch->parent != TC_H_CLSACT)
return -EOPNOTSUPP;
net_inc_ingress_queue();
net_inc_egress_queue();
entry = tcx_entry_fetch_or_create(dev, true, &created);
if (!entry)
return -ENOMEM;
tcx_miniq_set_active(entry, true);
mini_qdisc_pair_init(&q->miniqp_ingress, sch, &tcx_entry(entry)->miniq);
if (created)
tcx_entry_update(dev, entry, true);
q->ingress_block_info.binder_type = FLOW_BLOCK_BINDER_TYPE_CLSACT_INGRESS;
q->ingress_block_info.chain_head_change = clsact_chain_head_change;
q->ingress_block_info.chain_head_change_priv = &q->miniqp_ingress;
err = tcf_block_get_ext(&q->ingress_block, sch, &q->ingress_block_info,
extack);
if (err)
return err;
mini_qdisc_pair_block_init(&q->miniqp_ingress, q->ingress_block);
entry = tcx_entry_fetch_or_create(dev, false, &created);
if (!entry)
return -ENOMEM;
tcx_miniq_set_active(entry, true);
mini_qdisc_pair_init(&q->miniqp_egress, sch, &tcx_entry(entry)->miniq);
if (created)
tcx_entry_update(dev, entry, false);
q->egress_block_info.binder_type = FLOW_BLOCK_BINDER_TYPE_CLSACT_EGRESS;
q->egress_block_info.chain_head_change = clsact_chain_head_change;
q->egress_block_info.chain_head_change_priv = &q->miniqp_egress;
return tcf_block_get_ext(&q->egress_block, sch, &q->egress_block_info, extack);
}
static void clsact_destroy(struct Qdisc *sch)
{
struct clsact_sched_data *q = qdisc_priv(sch);
struct net_device *dev = qdisc_dev(sch);
struct bpf_mprog_entry *ingress_entry = rtnl_dereference(dev->tcx_ingress);
struct bpf_mprog_entry *egress_entry = rtnl_dereference(dev->tcx_egress);
if (sch->parent != TC_H_CLSACT)
return;
tcf_block_put_ext(q->ingress_block, sch, &q->ingress_block_info);
tcf_block_put_ext(q->egress_block, sch, &q->egress_block_info);
if (ingress_entry) {
tcx_miniq_set_active(ingress_entry, false);
if (!tcx_entry_is_active(ingress_entry)) {
tcx_entry_update(dev, NULL, true);
tcx_entry_free(ingress_entry);
}
}
if (egress_entry) {
tcx_miniq_set_active(egress_entry, false);
if (!tcx_entry_is_active(egress_entry)) {
tcx_entry_update(dev, NULL, false);
tcx_entry_free(egress_entry);
}
}
net_dec_ingress_queue();
net_dec_egress_queue();
}
static const struct Qdisc_class_ops clsact_class_ops = {
.flags = QDISC_CLASS_OPS_DOIT_UNLOCKED,
.leaf = ingress_leaf,
.find = clsact_find,
.walk = ingress_walk,
.tcf_block = clsact_tcf_block,
.bind_tcf = clsact_bind_filter,
.unbind_tcf = ingress_unbind_filter,
};
static struct Qdisc_ops clsact_qdisc_ops __read_mostly = {
.cl_ops = &clsact_class_ops,
.id = "clsact",
.priv_size = sizeof(struct clsact_sched_data),
.static_flags = TCQ_F_INGRESS | TCQ_F_CPUSTATS,
.init = clsact_init,
.destroy = clsact_destroy,
.dump = ingress_dump,
.ingress_block_set = clsact_ingress_block_set,
.egress_block_set = clsact_egress_block_set,
.ingress_block_get = clsact_ingress_block_get,
.egress_block_get = clsact_egress_block_get,
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
};
static int __init ingress_module_init(void)
{
int ret;
ret = register_qdisc(&ingress_qdisc_ops);
if (!ret) {
ret = register_qdisc(&clsact_qdisc_ops);
if (ret)
unregister_qdisc(&ingress_qdisc_ops);
}
return ret;
}
static void __exit ingress_module_exit(void)
{
unregister_qdisc(&ingress_qdisc_ops);
unregister_qdisc(&clsact_qdisc_ops);
}
module_init(ingress_module_init);
module_exit(ingress_module_exit);
MODULE_ALIAS("sch_clsact");
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
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