linux/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gem/i915_gem_ttm.c

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
/*
 * Copyright © 2021 Intel Corporation
 */

#include <drm/ttm/ttm_bo_driver.h>
#include <drm/ttm/ttm_placement.h>

#include "i915_drv.h"
#include "intel_memory_region.h"
#include "intel_region_ttm.h"

#include "gem/i915_gem_mman.h"
#include "gem/i915_gem_object.h"
#include "gem/i915_gem_region.h"
#include "gem/i915_gem_ttm.h"
#include "gem/i915_gem_ttm_pm.h"


#include "gt/intel_engine_pm.h"
#include "gt/intel_gt.h"
#include "gt/intel_migrate.h"

#define I915_TTM_PRIO_PURGE     0
#define I915_TTM_PRIO_NO_PAGES  1
#define I915_TTM_PRIO_HAS_PAGES 2

/*
 * Size of struct ttm_place vector in on-stack struct ttm_placement allocs
 */
#define I915_TTM_MAX_PLACEMENTS INTEL_REGION_UNKNOWN

/**
 * struct i915_ttm_tt - TTM page vector with additional private information
 * @ttm: The base TTM page vector.
 * @dev: The struct device used for dma mapping and unmapping.
 * @cached_st: The cached scatter-gather table.
 * @is_shmem: Set if using shmem.
 * @filp: The shmem file, if using shmem backend.
 *
 * Note that DMA may be going on right up to the point where the page-
 * vector is unpopulated in delayed destroy. Hence keep the
 * scatter-gather table mapped and cached up to that point. This is
 * different from the cached gem object io scatter-gather table which
 * doesn't have an associated dma mapping.
 */
struct i915_ttm_tt {
	struct ttm_tt ttm;
	struct device *dev;
	struct sg_table *cached_st;

	bool is_shmem;
	struct file *filp;
};

static const struct ttm_place sys_placement_flags = {
	.fpfn = 0,
	.lpfn = 0,
	.mem_type = I915_PL_SYSTEM,
	.flags = 0,
};

static struct ttm_placement i915_sys_placement = {
	.num_placement = 1,
	.placement = &sys_placement_flags,
	.num_busy_placement = 1,
	.busy_placement = &sys_placement_flags,
};

/**
 * i915_ttm_sys_placement - Return the struct ttm_placement to be
 * used for an object in system memory.
 *
 * Rather than making the struct extern, use this
 * function.
 *
 * Return: A pointer to a static variable for sys placement.
 */
struct ttm_placement *i915_ttm_sys_placement(void)
{
	return &i915_sys_placement;
}

static int i915_ttm_err_to_gem(int err)
{
	/* Fastpath */
	if (likely(!err))
		return 0;

	switch (err) {
	case -EBUSY:
		/*
		 * TTM likes to convert -EDEADLK to -EBUSY, and wants us to
		 * restart the operation, since we don't record the contending
		 * lock. We use -EAGAIN to restart.
		 */
		return -EAGAIN;
	case -ENOSPC:
		/*
		 * Memory type / region is full, and we can't evict.
		 * Except possibly system, that returns -ENOMEM;
		 */
		return -ENXIO;
	default:
		break;
	}

	return err;
}

static bool gpu_binds_iomem(struct ttm_resource *mem)
{
	return mem->mem_type != TTM_PL_SYSTEM;
}

static bool cpu_maps_iomem(struct ttm_resource *mem)
{
	/* Once / if we support GGTT, this is also false for cached ttm_tts */
	return mem->mem_type != TTM_PL_SYSTEM;
}

static enum i915_cache_level
i915_ttm_cache_level(struct drm_i915_private *i915, struct ttm_resource *res,
		     struct ttm_tt *ttm)
{
	return ((HAS_LLC(i915) || HAS_SNOOP(i915)) && !gpu_binds_iomem(res) &&
		ttm->caching == ttm_cached) ? I915_CACHE_LLC :
		I915_CACHE_NONE;
}

static void i915_ttm_adjust_lru(struct drm_i915_gem_object *obj);

static enum ttm_caching
i915_ttm_select_tt_caching(const struct drm_i915_gem_object *obj)
{
	/*
	 * Objects only allowed in system get cached cpu-mappings.
	 * Other objects get WC mapping for now. Even if in system.
	 */
	if (obj->mm.region->type == INTEL_MEMORY_SYSTEM &&
	    obj->mm.n_placements <= 1)
		return ttm_cached;

	return ttm_write_combined;
}

static void
i915_ttm_place_from_region(const struct intel_memory_region *mr,
			   struct ttm_place *place,
			   unsigned int flags)
{
	memset(place, 0, sizeof(*place));
	place->mem_type = intel_region_to_ttm_type(mr);

	if (flags & I915_BO_ALLOC_CONTIGUOUS)
		place->flags = TTM_PL_FLAG_CONTIGUOUS;
}

static void
i915_ttm_placement_from_obj(const struct drm_i915_gem_object *obj,
			    struct ttm_place *requested,
			    struct ttm_place *busy,
			    struct ttm_placement *placement)
{
	unsigned int num_allowed = obj->mm.n_placements;
	unsigned int flags = obj->flags;
	unsigned int i;

	placement->num_placement = 1;
	i915_ttm_place_from_region(num_allowed ? obj->mm.placements[0] :
				   obj->mm.region, requested, flags);

	/* Cache this on object? */
	placement->num_busy_placement = num_allowed;
	for (i = 0; i < placement->num_busy_placement; ++i)
		i915_ttm_place_from_region(obj->mm.placements[i], busy + i, flags);

	if (num_allowed == 0) {
		*busy = *requested;
		placement->num_busy_placement = 1;
	}

	placement->placement = requested;
	placement->busy_placement = busy;
}

static int i915_ttm_tt_shmem_populate(struct ttm_device *bdev,
				      struct ttm_tt *ttm,
				      struct ttm_operation_ctx *ctx)
{
	struct drm_i915_private *i915 = container_of(bdev, typeof(*i915), bdev);
	struct intel_memory_region *mr = i915->mm.regions[INTEL_MEMORY_SYSTEM];
	struct i915_ttm_tt *i915_tt = container_of(ttm, typeof(*i915_tt), ttm);
	const unsigned int max_segment = i915_sg_segment_size();
	const size_t size = ttm->num_pages << PAGE_SHIFT;
	struct file *filp = i915_tt->filp;
	struct sgt_iter sgt_iter;
	struct sg_table *st;
	struct page *page;
	unsigned long i;
	int err;

	if (!filp) {
		struct address_space *mapping;
		gfp_t mask;

		filp = shmem_file_setup("i915-shmem-tt", size, VM_NORESERVE);
		if (IS_ERR(filp))
			return PTR_ERR(filp);

		mask = GFP_HIGHUSER | __GFP_RECLAIMABLE;

		mapping = filp->f_mapping;
		mapping_set_gfp_mask(mapping, mask);
		GEM_BUG_ON(!(mapping_gfp_mask(mapping) & __GFP_RECLAIM));

		i915_tt->filp = filp;
	}

	st = shmem_alloc_st(i915, size, mr, filp->f_mapping, max_segment);
	if (IS_ERR(st))
		return PTR_ERR(st);

	err = dma_map_sg_attrs(i915_tt->dev,
			       st->sgl, st->nents,
			       DMA_BIDIRECTIONAL,
			       DMA_ATTR_SKIP_CPU_SYNC);
	if (err <= 0) {
		err = -EINVAL;
		goto err_free_st;
	}

	i = 0;
	for_each_sgt_page(page, sgt_iter, st)
		ttm->pages[i++] = page;

	if (ttm->page_flags & TTM_TT_FLAG_SWAPPED)
		ttm->page_flags &= ~TTM_TT_FLAG_SWAPPED;

	i915_tt->cached_st = st;
	return 0;

err_free_st:
	shmem_free_st(st, filp->f_mapping, false, false);
	return err;
}

static void i915_ttm_tt_shmem_unpopulate(struct ttm_tt *ttm)
{
	struct i915_ttm_tt *i915_tt = container_of(ttm, typeof(*i915_tt), ttm);
	bool backup = ttm->page_flags & TTM_TT_FLAG_SWAPPED;

	dma_unmap_sg(i915_tt->dev, i915_tt->cached_st->sgl,
		     i915_tt->cached_st->nents,
		     DMA_BIDIRECTIONAL);

	shmem_free_st(fetch_and_zero(&i915_tt->cached_st),
		      file_inode(i915_tt->filp)->i_mapping,
		      backup, backup);
}

static struct ttm_tt *i915_ttm_tt_create(struct ttm_buffer_object *bo,
					 uint32_t page_flags)
{
	struct ttm_resource_manager *man =
		ttm_manager_type(bo->bdev, bo->resource->mem_type);
	struct drm_i915_gem_object *obj = i915_ttm_to_gem(bo);
	enum ttm_caching caching = i915_ttm_select_tt_caching(obj);
	struct i915_ttm_tt *i915_tt;
	int ret;

	i915_tt = kzalloc(sizeof(*i915_tt), GFP_KERNEL);
	if (!i915_tt)
		return NULL;

	if (obj->flags & I915_BO_ALLOC_CPU_CLEAR &&
	    man->use_tt)
		page_flags |= TTM_TT_FLAG_ZERO_ALLOC;

	if (i915_gem_object_is_shrinkable(obj) && caching == ttm_cached) {
		page_flags |= TTM_TT_FLAG_EXTERNAL |
			      TTM_TT_FLAG_EXTERNAL_MAPPABLE;
		i915_tt->is_shmem = true;
	}

	ret = ttm_tt_init(&i915_tt->ttm, bo, page_flags, caching);
	if (ret)
		goto err_free;

	i915_tt->dev = obj->base.dev->dev;

	return &i915_tt->ttm;

err_free:
	kfree(i915_tt);
	return NULL;
}

static int i915_ttm_tt_populate(struct ttm_device *bdev,
				struct ttm_tt *ttm,
				struct ttm_operation_ctx *ctx)
{
	struct i915_ttm_tt *i915_tt = container_of(ttm, typeof(*i915_tt), ttm);

	if (i915_tt->is_shmem)
		return i915_ttm_tt_shmem_populate(bdev, ttm, ctx);

	return ttm_pool_alloc(&bdev->pool, ttm, ctx);
}

static void i915_ttm_tt_unpopulate(struct ttm_device *bdev, struct ttm_tt *ttm)
{
	struct i915_ttm_tt *i915_tt = container_of(ttm, typeof(*i915_tt), ttm);

	if (i915_tt->is_shmem) {
		i915_ttm_tt_shmem_unpopulate(ttm);
	} else {
		if (i915_tt->cached_st) {
			dma_unmap_sgtable(i915_tt->dev, i915_tt->cached_st,
					  DMA_BIDIRECTIONAL, 0);
			sg_free_table(i915_tt->cached_st);
			kfree(i915_tt->cached_st);
			i915_tt->cached_st = NULL;
		}
		ttm_pool_free(&bdev->pool, ttm);
	}
}

static void i915_ttm_tt_destroy(struct ttm_device *bdev, struct ttm_tt *ttm)
{
	struct i915_ttm_tt *i915_tt = container_of(ttm, typeof(*i915_tt), ttm);

	if (i915_tt->filp)
		fput(i915_tt->filp);

	ttm_tt_fini(ttm);
	kfree(i915_tt);
}

static bool i915_ttm_eviction_valuable(struct ttm_buffer_object *bo,
				       const struct ttm_place *place)
{
	struct drm_i915_gem_object *obj = i915_ttm_to_gem(bo);

	/*
	 * EXTERNAL objects should never be swapped out by TTM, instead we need
	 * to handle that ourselves. TTM will already skip such objects for us,
	 * but we would like to avoid grabbing locks for no good reason.
	 */
	if (bo->ttm && bo->ttm->page_flags & TTM_TT_FLAG_EXTERNAL)
		return -EBUSY;

	/* Will do for now. Our pinned objects are still on TTM's LRU lists */
	return i915_gem_object_evictable(obj);
}

static void i915_ttm_evict_flags(struct ttm_buffer_object *bo,
				 struct ttm_placement *placement)
{
	*placement = i915_sys_placement;
}

static int i915_ttm_move_notify(struct ttm_buffer_object *bo)
{
	struct drm_i915_gem_object *obj = i915_ttm_to_gem(bo);
	int ret;

	ret = i915_gem_object_unbind(obj, I915_GEM_OBJECT_UNBIND_ACTIVE);
	if (ret)
		return ret;

	ret = __i915_gem_object_put_pages(obj);
	if (ret)
		return ret;

	return 0;
}

static void i915_ttm_free_cached_io_st(struct drm_i915_gem_object *obj)
{
	struct radix_tree_iter iter;
	void __rcu **slot;

	if (!obj->ttm.cached_io_st)
		return;

	rcu_read_lock();
	radix_tree_for_each_slot(slot, &obj->ttm.get_io_page.radix, &iter, 0)
		radix_tree_delete(&obj->ttm.get_io_page.radix, iter.index);
	rcu_read_unlock();

	sg_free_table(obj->ttm.cached_io_st);
	kfree(obj->ttm.cached_io_st);
	obj->ttm.cached_io_st = NULL;
}

static void
i915_ttm_adjust_domains_after_move(struct drm_i915_gem_object *obj)
{
	struct ttm_buffer_object *bo = i915_gem_to_ttm(obj);

	if (cpu_maps_iomem(bo->resource) || bo->ttm->caching != ttm_cached) {
		obj->write_domain = I915_GEM_DOMAIN_WC;
		obj->read_domains = I915_GEM_DOMAIN_WC;
	} else {
		obj->write_domain = I915_GEM_DOMAIN_CPU;
		obj->read_domains = I915_GEM_DOMAIN_CPU;
	}
}

static void i915_ttm_adjust_gem_after_move(struct drm_i915_gem_object *obj)
{
	struct ttm_buffer_object *bo = i915_gem_to_ttm(obj);
	unsigned int cache_level;
	unsigned int i;

	/*
	 * If object was moved to an allowable region, update the object
	 * region to consider it migrated. Note that if it's currently not
	 * in an allowable region, it's evicted and we don't update the
	 * object region.
	 */
	if (intel_region_to_ttm_type(obj->mm.region) != bo->resource->mem_type) {
		for (i = 0; i < obj->mm.n_placements; ++i) {
			struct intel_memory_region *mr = obj->mm.placements[i];

			if (intel_region_to_ttm_type(mr) == bo->resource->mem_type &&
			    mr != obj->mm.region) {
				i915_gem_object_release_memory_region(obj);
				i915_gem_object_init_memory_region(obj, mr);
				break;
			}
		}
	}

	obj->mem_flags &= ~(I915_BO_FLAG_STRUCT_PAGE | I915_BO_FLAG_IOMEM);

	obj->mem_flags |= cpu_maps_iomem(bo->resource) ? I915_BO_FLAG_IOMEM :
		I915_BO_FLAG_STRUCT_PAGE;

	cache_level = i915_ttm_cache_level(to_i915(bo->base.dev), bo->resource,
					   bo->ttm);
	i915_gem_object_set_cache_coherency(obj, cache_level);
}

static int i915_ttm_purge(struct drm_i915_gem_object *obj)
{
	struct ttm_buffer_object *bo = i915_gem_to_ttm(obj);
	struct i915_ttm_tt *i915_tt =
		container_of(bo->ttm, typeof(*i915_tt), ttm);
	struct ttm_operation_ctx ctx = {
		.interruptible = true,
		.no_wait_gpu = false,
	};
	struct ttm_placement place = {};
	int ret;

	if (obj->mm.madv == __I915_MADV_PURGED)
		return 0;

	ret = ttm_bo_validate(bo, &place, &ctx);
	if (ret)
		return ret;

	if (bo->ttm && i915_tt->filp) {
		/*
		 * The below fput(which eventually calls shmem_truncate) might
		 * be delayed by worker, so when directly called to purge the
		 * pages(like by the shrinker) we should try to be more
		 * aggressive and release the pages immediately.
		 */
		shmem_truncate_range(file_inode(i915_tt->filp),
				     0, (loff_t)-1);
		fput(fetch_and_zero(&i915_tt->filp));
	}

	obj->write_domain = 0;
	obj->read_domains = 0;
	i915_ttm_adjust_gem_after_move(obj);
	i915_ttm_free_cached_io_st(obj);
	obj->mm.madv = __I915_MADV_PURGED;
	return 0;
}

static int i915_ttm_shrinker_release_pages(struct drm_i915_gem_object *obj,
					   bool should_writeback)
{
	struct ttm_buffer_object *bo = i915_gem_to_ttm(obj);
	struct i915_ttm_tt *i915_tt =
		container_of(bo->ttm, typeof(*i915_tt), ttm);
	struct ttm_operation_ctx ctx = {
		.interruptible = true,
		.no_wait_gpu = false,
	};
	struct ttm_placement place = {};
	int ret;

	if (!bo->ttm || bo->resource->mem_type != TTM_PL_SYSTEM)
		return 0;

	GEM_BUG_ON(!i915_tt->is_shmem);

	if (!i915_tt->filp)
		return 0;

	switch (obj->mm.madv) {
	case I915_MADV_DONTNEED:
		return i915_ttm_purge(obj);
	case __I915_MADV_PURGED:
		return 0;
	}

	if (bo->ttm->page_flags & TTM_TT_FLAG_SWAPPED)
		return 0;

	bo->ttm->page_flags |= TTM_TT_FLAG_SWAPPED;
	ret = ttm_bo_validate(bo, &place, &ctx);
	if (ret) {
		bo->ttm->page_flags &= ~TTM_TT_FLAG_SWAPPED;
		return ret;
	}

	if (should_writeback)
		__shmem_writeback(obj->base.size, i915_tt->filp->f_mapping);

	return 0;
}

static void i915_ttm_swap_notify(struct ttm_buffer_object *bo)
{
	struct drm_i915_gem_object *obj = i915_ttm_to_gem(bo);
	int ret = i915_ttm_move_notify(bo);

	GEM_WARN_ON(ret);
	GEM_WARN_ON(obj->ttm.cached_io_st);
	if (!ret && obj->mm.madv != I915_MADV_WILLNEED)
		i915_ttm_purge(obj);
}

static void i915_ttm_delete_mem_notify(struct ttm_buffer_object *bo)
{
	struct drm_i915_gem_object *obj = i915_ttm_to_gem(bo);

	if (likely(obj)) {
		__i915_gem_object_pages_fini(obj);
		i915_ttm_free_cached_io_st(obj);
	}
}

static struct intel_memory_region *
i915_ttm_region(struct ttm_device *bdev, int ttm_mem_type)
{
	struct drm_i915_private *i915 = container_of(bdev, typeof(*i915), bdev);

	/* There's some room for optimization here... */
	GEM_BUG_ON(ttm_mem_type != I915_PL_SYSTEM &&
		   ttm_mem_type < I915_PL_LMEM0);
	if (ttm_mem_type == I915_PL_SYSTEM)
		return intel_memory_region_lookup(i915, INTEL_MEMORY_SYSTEM,
						  0);

	return intel_memory_region_lookup(i915, INTEL_MEMORY_LOCAL,
					  ttm_mem_type - I915_PL_LMEM0);
}

static struct sg_table *i915_ttm_tt_get_st(struct ttm_tt *ttm)
{
	struct i915_ttm_tt *i915_tt = container_of(ttm, typeof(*i915_tt), ttm);
	struct sg_table *st;
	int ret;

	if (i915_tt->cached_st)
		return i915_tt->cached_st;

	st = kzalloc(sizeof(*st), GFP_KERNEL);
	if (!st)
		return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);

	ret = sg_alloc_table_from_pages_segment(st,
			ttm->pages, ttm->num_pages,
			0, (unsigned long)ttm->num_pages << PAGE_SHIFT,
			i915_sg_segment_size(), GFP_KERNEL);
	if (ret) {
		kfree(st);
		return ERR_PTR(ret);
	}

	ret = dma_map_sgtable(i915_tt->dev, st, DMA_BIDIRECTIONAL, 0);
	if (ret) {
		sg_free_table(st);
		kfree(st);
		return ERR_PTR(ret);
	}

	i915_tt->cached_st = st;
	return st;
}

static struct sg_table *
i915_ttm_resource_get_st(struct drm_i915_gem_object *obj,
			 struct ttm_resource *res)
{
	struct ttm_buffer_object *bo = i915_gem_to_ttm(obj);

	if (!gpu_binds_iomem(res))
		return i915_ttm_tt_get_st(bo->ttm);

	/*
	 * If CPU mapping differs, we need to add the ttm_tt pages to
	 * the resulting st. Might make sense for GGTT.
	 */
	GEM_WARN_ON(!cpu_maps_iomem(res));
	return intel_region_ttm_resource_to_st(obj->mm.region, res);
}

static int i915_ttm_accel_move(struct ttm_buffer_object *bo,
			       bool clear,
			       struct ttm_resource *dst_mem,
			       struct ttm_tt *dst_ttm,
			       struct sg_table *dst_st)
{
	struct drm_i915_private *i915 = container_of(bo->bdev, typeof(*i915),
						     bdev);
	struct ttm_resource_manager *src_man =
		ttm_manager_type(bo->bdev, bo->resource->mem_type);
	struct drm_i915_gem_object *obj = i915_ttm_to_gem(bo);
	struct sg_table *src_st;
	struct i915_request *rq;
	struct ttm_tt *src_ttm = bo->ttm;
	enum i915_cache_level src_level, dst_level;
	int ret;

	if (!i915->gt.migrate.context || intel_gt_is_wedged(&i915->gt))
		return -EINVAL;

	dst_level = i915_ttm_cache_level(i915, dst_mem, dst_ttm);
	if (clear) {
		if (bo->type == ttm_bo_type_kernel)
			return -EINVAL;

		intel_engine_pm_get(i915->gt.migrate.context->engine);
		ret = intel_context_migrate_clear(i915->gt.migrate.context, NULL,
						  dst_st->sgl, dst_level,
						  gpu_binds_iomem(dst_mem),
						  0, &rq);

		if (!ret && rq) {
			i915_request_wait(rq, 0, MAX_SCHEDULE_TIMEOUT);
			i915_request_put(rq);
		}
		intel_engine_pm_put(i915->gt.migrate.context->engine);
	} else {
		src_st = src_man->use_tt ? i915_ttm_tt_get_st(src_ttm) :
			obj->ttm.cached_io_st;

		src_level = i915_ttm_cache_level(i915, bo->resource, src_ttm);
		intel_engine_pm_get(i915->gt.migrate.context->engine);
		ret = intel_context_migrate_copy(i915->gt.migrate.context,
						 NULL, src_st->sgl, src_level,
						 gpu_binds_iomem(bo->resource),
						 dst_st->sgl, dst_level,
						 gpu_binds_iomem(dst_mem),
						 &rq);
		if (!ret && rq) {
			i915_request_wait(rq, 0, MAX_SCHEDULE_TIMEOUT);
			i915_request_put(rq);
		}
		intel_engine_pm_put(i915->gt.migrate.context->engine);
	}

	return ret;
}

static void __i915_ttm_move(struct ttm_buffer_object *bo, bool clear,
			    struct ttm_resource *dst_mem,
			    struct ttm_tt *dst_ttm,
			    struct sg_table *dst_st,
			    bool allow_accel)
{
	int ret = -EINVAL;

	if (allow_accel)
		ret = i915_ttm_accel_move(bo, clear, dst_mem, dst_ttm, dst_st);
	if (ret) {
		struct drm_i915_gem_object *obj = i915_ttm_to_gem(bo);
		struct intel_memory_region *dst_reg, *src_reg;
		union {
			struct ttm_kmap_iter_tt tt;
			struct ttm_kmap_iter_iomap io;
		} _dst_iter, _src_iter;
		struct ttm_kmap_iter *dst_iter, *src_iter;

		dst_reg = i915_ttm_region(bo->bdev, dst_mem->mem_type);
		src_reg = i915_ttm_region(bo->bdev, bo->resource->mem_type);
		GEM_BUG_ON(!dst_reg || !src_reg);

		dst_iter = !cpu_maps_iomem(dst_mem) ?
			ttm_kmap_iter_tt_init(&_dst_iter.tt, dst_ttm) :
			ttm_kmap_iter_iomap_init(&_dst_iter.io, &dst_reg->iomap,
						 dst_st, dst_reg->region.start);

		src_iter = !cpu_maps_iomem(bo->resource) ?
			ttm_kmap_iter_tt_init(&_src_iter.tt, bo->ttm) :
			ttm_kmap_iter_iomap_init(&_src_iter.io, &src_reg->iomap,
						 obj->ttm.cached_io_st,
						 src_reg->region.start);

		ttm_move_memcpy(clear, dst_mem->num_pages, dst_iter, src_iter);
	}
}

static int i915_ttm_move(struct ttm_buffer_object *bo, bool evict,
			 struct ttm_operation_ctx *ctx,
			 struct ttm_resource *dst_mem,
			 struct ttm_place *hop)
{
	struct drm_i915_gem_object *obj = i915_ttm_to_gem(bo);
	struct ttm_resource_manager *dst_man =
		ttm_manager_type(bo->bdev, dst_mem->mem_type);
	struct ttm_tt *ttm = bo->ttm;
	struct sg_table *dst_st;
	bool clear;
	int ret;

	/* Sync for now. We could do the actual copy async. */
	ret = ttm_bo_wait_ctx(bo, ctx);
	if (ret)
		return ret;

	ret = i915_ttm_move_notify(bo);
	if (ret)
		return ret;

	if (obj->mm.madv != I915_MADV_WILLNEED) {
		i915_ttm_purge(obj);
		ttm_resource_free(bo, &dst_mem);
		return 0;
	}

	/* Populate ttm with pages if needed. Typically system memory. */
	if (ttm && (dst_man->use_tt || (ttm->page_flags & TTM_TT_FLAG_SWAPPED))) {
		ret = ttm_tt_populate(bo->bdev, ttm, ctx);
		if (ret)
			return ret;
	}

	dst_st = i915_ttm_resource_get_st(obj, dst_mem);
	if (IS_ERR(dst_st))
		return PTR_ERR(dst_st);

	clear = !cpu_maps_iomem(bo->resource) && (!ttm || !ttm_tt_is_populated(ttm));
	if (!(clear && ttm && !(ttm->page_flags & TTM_TT_FLAG_ZERO_ALLOC)))
		__i915_ttm_move(bo, clear, dst_mem, bo->ttm, dst_st, true);

	ttm_bo_move_sync_cleanup(bo, dst_mem);
	i915_ttm_adjust_domains_after_move(obj);
	i915_ttm_free_cached_io_st(obj);

	if (gpu_binds_iomem(dst_mem) || cpu_maps_iomem(dst_mem)) {
		obj->ttm.cached_io_st = dst_st;
		obj->ttm.get_io_page.sg_pos = dst_st->sgl;
		obj->ttm.get_io_page.sg_idx = 0;
	}

	i915_ttm_adjust_lru(obj);
	i915_ttm_adjust_gem_after_move(obj);
	return 0;
}

static int i915_ttm_io_mem_reserve(struct ttm_device *bdev, struct ttm_resource *mem)
{
	if (!cpu_maps_iomem(mem))
		return 0;

	mem->bus.caching = ttm_write_combined;
	mem->bus.is_iomem = true;

	return 0;
}

static unsigned long i915_ttm_io_mem_pfn(struct ttm_buffer_object *bo,
					 unsigned long page_offset)
{
	struct drm_i915_gem_object *obj = i915_ttm_to_gem(bo);
	unsigned long base = obj->mm.region->iomap.base - obj->mm.region->region.start;
	struct scatterlist *sg;
	unsigned int ofs;

	GEM_WARN_ON(bo->ttm);

	sg = __i915_gem_object_get_sg(obj, &obj->ttm.get_io_page, page_offset, &ofs, true);

	return ((base + sg_dma_address(sg)) >> PAGE_SHIFT) + ofs;
}

static struct ttm_device_funcs i915_ttm_bo_driver = {
	.ttm_tt_create = i915_ttm_tt_create,
	.ttm_tt_populate = i915_ttm_tt_populate,
	.ttm_tt_unpopulate = i915_ttm_tt_unpopulate,
	.ttm_tt_destroy = i915_ttm_tt_destroy,
	.eviction_valuable = i915_ttm_eviction_valuable,
	.evict_flags = i915_ttm_evict_flags,
	.move = i915_ttm_move,
	.swap_notify = i915_ttm_swap_notify,
	.delete_mem_notify = i915_ttm_delete_mem_notify,
	.io_mem_reserve = i915_ttm_io_mem_reserve,
	.io_mem_pfn = i915_ttm_io_mem_pfn,
};

/**
 * i915_ttm_driver - Return a pointer to the TTM device funcs
 *
 * Return: Pointer to statically allocated TTM device funcs.
 */
struct ttm_device_funcs *i915_ttm_driver(void)
{
	return &i915_ttm_bo_driver;
}

static int __i915_ttm_get_pages(struct drm_i915_gem_object *obj,
				struct ttm_placement *placement)
{
	struct ttm_buffer_object *bo = i915_gem_to_ttm(obj);
	struct ttm_operation_ctx ctx = {
		.interruptible = true,
		.no_wait_gpu = false,
	};
	struct sg_table *st;
	int real_num_busy;
	int ret;

	/* First try only the requested placement. No eviction. */
	real_num_busy = fetch_and_zero(&placement->num_busy_placement);
	ret = ttm_bo_validate(bo, placement, &ctx);
	if (ret) {
		ret = i915_ttm_err_to_gem(ret);
		/*
		 * Anything that wants to restart the operation gets to
		 * do that.
		 */
		if (ret == -EDEADLK || ret == -EINTR || ret == -ERESTARTSYS ||
		    ret == -EAGAIN)
			return ret;

		/*
		 * If the initial attempt fails, allow all accepted placements,
		 * evicting if necessary.
		 */
		placement->num_busy_placement = real_num_busy;
		ret = ttm_bo_validate(bo, placement, &ctx);
		if (ret)
			return i915_ttm_err_to_gem(ret);
	}

	if (bo->ttm && !ttm_tt_is_populated(bo->ttm)) {
		ret = ttm_tt_populate(bo->bdev, bo->ttm, &ctx);
		if (ret)
			return ret;

		i915_ttm_adjust_domains_after_move(obj);
		i915_ttm_adjust_gem_after_move(obj);
	}

	if (!i915_gem_object_has_pages(obj)) {
		/* Object either has a page vector or is an iomem object */
		st = bo->ttm ? i915_ttm_tt_get_st(bo->ttm) : obj->ttm.cached_io_st;
		if (IS_ERR(st))
			return PTR_ERR(st);

		__i915_gem_object_set_pages(obj, st, i915_sg_dma_sizes(st->sgl));
	}

	i915_ttm_adjust_lru(obj);
	return ret;
}

static int i915_ttm_get_pages(struct drm_i915_gem_object *obj)
{
	struct ttm_place requested, busy[I915_TTM_MAX_PLACEMENTS];
	struct ttm_placement placement;

	GEM_BUG_ON(obj->mm.n_placements > I915_TTM_MAX_PLACEMENTS);

	/* Move to the requested placement. */
	i915_ttm_placement_from_obj(obj, &requested, busy, &placement);

	return __i915_ttm_get_pages(obj, &placement);
}

/**
 * DOC: Migration vs eviction
 *
 * GEM migration may not be the same as TTM migration / eviction. If
 * the TTM core decides to evict an object it may be evicted to a
 * TTM memory type that is not in the object's allowable GEM regions, or
 * in fact theoretically to a TTM memory type that doesn't correspond to
 * a GEM memory region. In that case the object's GEM region is not
 * updated, and the data is migrated back to the GEM region at
 * get_pages time. TTM may however set up CPU ptes to the object even
 * when it is evicted.
 * Gem forced migration using the i915_ttm_migrate() op, is allowed even
 * to regions that are not in the object's list of allowable placements.
 */
static int i915_ttm_migrate(struct drm_i915_gem_object *obj,
			    struct intel_memory_region *mr)
{
	struct ttm_place requested;
	struct ttm_placement placement;
	int ret;

	i915_ttm_place_from_region(mr, &requested, obj->flags);
	placement.num_placement = 1;
	placement.num_busy_placement = 1;
	placement.placement = &requested;
	placement.busy_placement = &requested;

	ret = __i915_ttm_get_pages(obj, &placement);
	if (ret)
		return ret;

	/*
	 * Reinitialize the region bindings. This is primarily
	 * required for objects where the new region is not in
	 * its allowable placements.
	 */
	if (obj->mm.region != mr) {
		i915_gem_object_release_memory_region(obj);
		i915_gem_object_init_memory_region(obj, mr);
	}

	return 0;
}

static void i915_ttm_put_pages(struct drm_i915_gem_object *obj,
			       struct sg_table *st)
{
	/*
	 * We're currently not called from a shrinker, so put_pages()
	 * typically means the object is about to destroyed, or called
	 * from move_notify(). So just avoid doing much for now.
	 * If the object is not destroyed next, The TTM eviction logic
	 * and shrinkers will move it out if needed.
	 */
}

static void i915_ttm_adjust_lru(struct drm_i915_gem_object *obj)
{
	struct ttm_buffer_object *bo = i915_gem_to_ttm(obj);
	struct i915_ttm_tt *i915_tt =
		container_of(bo->ttm, typeof(*i915_tt), ttm);
	bool shrinkable =
		bo->ttm && i915_tt->filp && ttm_tt_is_populated(bo->ttm);

	/*
	 * Don't manipulate the TTM LRUs while in TTM bo destruction.
	 * We're called through i915_ttm_delete_mem_notify().
	 */
	if (!kref_read(&bo->kref))
		return;

	/*
	 * We skip managing the shrinker LRU in set_pages() and just manage
	 * everything here. This does at least solve the issue with having
	 * temporary shmem mappings(like with evicted lmem) not being visible to
	 * the shrinker. Only our shmem objects are shrinkable, everything else
	 * we keep as unshrinkable.
	 *
	 * To make sure everything plays nice we keep an extra shrink pin in TTM
	 * if the underlying pages are not currently shrinkable. Once we release
	 * our pin, like when the pages are moved to shmem, the pages will then
	 * be added to the shrinker LRU, assuming the caller isn't also holding
	 * a pin.
	 *
	 * TODO: consider maybe also bumping the shrinker list here when we have
	 * already unpinned it, which should give us something more like an LRU.
	 */
	if (shrinkable != obj->mm.ttm_shrinkable) {
		if (shrinkable) {
			if (obj->mm.madv == I915_MADV_WILLNEED)
				__i915_gem_object_make_shrinkable(obj);
			else
				__i915_gem_object_make_purgeable(obj);
		} else {
			i915_gem_object_make_unshrinkable(obj);
		}

		obj->mm.ttm_shrinkable = shrinkable;
	}

	/*
	 * Put on the correct LRU list depending on the MADV status
	 */
	spin_lock(&bo->bdev->lru_lock);
	if (shrinkable) {
		/* Try to keep shmem_tt from being considered for shrinking. */
		bo->priority = TTM_MAX_BO_PRIORITY - 1;
	} else if (obj->mm.madv != I915_MADV_WILLNEED) {
		bo->priority = I915_TTM_PRIO_PURGE;
	} else if (!i915_gem_object_has_pages(obj)) {
		if (bo->priority < I915_TTM_PRIO_HAS_PAGES)
			bo->priority = I915_TTM_PRIO_HAS_PAGES;
	} else {
		if (bo->priority > I915_TTM_PRIO_NO_PAGES)
			bo->priority = I915_TTM_PRIO_NO_PAGES;
	}

	ttm_bo_move_to_lru_tail(bo, bo->resource, NULL);
	spin_unlock(&bo->bdev->lru_lock);
}

/*
 * TTM-backed gem object destruction requires some clarification.
 * Basically we have two possibilities here. We can either rely on the
 * i915 delayed destruction and put the TTM object when the object
 * is idle. This would be detected by TTM which would bypass the
 * TTM delayed destroy handling. The other approach is to put the TTM
 * object early and rely on the TTM destroyed handling, and then free
 * the leftover parts of the GEM object once TTM's destroyed list handling is
 * complete. For now, we rely on the latter for two reasons:
 * a) TTM can evict an object even when it's on the delayed destroy list,
 * which in theory allows for complete eviction.
 * b) There is work going on in TTM to allow freeing an object even when
 * it's not idle, and using the TTM destroyed list handling could help us
 * benefit from that.
 */
static void i915_ttm_delayed_free(struct drm_i915_gem_object *obj)
{
	GEM_BUG_ON(!obj->ttm.created);

	ttm_bo_put(i915_gem_to_ttm(obj));
}

static vm_fault_t vm_fault_ttm(struct vm_fault *vmf)
{
	struct vm_area_struct *area = vmf->vma;
	struct drm_i915_gem_object *obj =
		i915_ttm_to_gem(area->vm_private_data);
	struct ttm_buffer_object *bo = i915_gem_to_ttm(obj);
	struct drm_device *dev = bo->base.dev;
	vm_fault_t ret;
	int idx;

	/* Sanity check that we allow writing into this object */
	if (unlikely(i915_gem_object_is_readonly(obj) &&
		     area->vm_flags & VM_WRITE))
		return VM_FAULT_SIGBUS;

	ret = ttm_bo_vm_reserve(bo, vmf);
	if (ret)
		return ret;

	if (drm_dev_enter(dev, &idx)) {
		ret = ttm_bo_vm_fault_reserved(vmf, vmf->vma->vm_page_prot,
					       TTM_BO_VM_NUM_PREFAULT, 1);
		drm_dev_exit(idx);
	} else {
		ret = ttm_bo_vm_dummy_page(vmf, vmf->vma->vm_page_prot);
	}
	if (ret == VM_FAULT_RETRY && !(vmf->flags & FAULT_FLAG_RETRY_NOWAIT))
		return ret;

	i915_ttm_adjust_lru(obj);

	dma_resv_unlock(bo->base.resv);
	return ret;
}

static int
vm_access_ttm(struct vm_area_struct *area, unsigned long addr,
	      void *buf, int len, int write)
{
	struct drm_i915_gem_object *obj =
		i915_ttm_to_gem(area->vm_private_data);

	if (i915_gem_object_is_readonly(obj) && write)
		return -EACCES;

	return ttm_bo_vm_access(area, addr, buf, len, write);
}

static void ttm_vm_open(struct vm_area_struct *vma)
{
	struct drm_i915_gem_object *obj =
		i915_ttm_to_gem(vma->vm_private_data);

	GEM_BUG_ON(!obj);
	i915_gem_object_get(obj);
}

static void ttm_vm_close(struct vm_area_struct *vma)
{
	struct drm_i915_gem_object *obj =
		i915_ttm_to_gem(vma->vm_private_data);

	GEM_BUG_ON(!obj);
	i915_gem_object_put(obj);
}

static const struct vm_operations_struct vm_ops_ttm = {
	.fault = vm_fault_ttm,
	.access = vm_access_ttm,
	.open = ttm_vm_open,
	.close = ttm_vm_close,
};

static u64 i915_ttm_mmap_offset(struct drm_i915_gem_object *obj)
{
	/* The ttm_bo must be allocated with I915_BO_ALLOC_USER */
	GEM_BUG_ON(!drm_mm_node_allocated(&obj->base.vma_node.vm_node));

	return drm_vma_node_offset_addr(&obj->base.vma_node);
}

static const struct drm_i915_gem_object_ops i915_gem_ttm_obj_ops = {
	.name = "i915_gem_object_ttm",
	.flags = I915_GEM_OBJECT_SELF_MANAGED_SHRINK_LIST,

	.get_pages = i915_ttm_get_pages,
	.put_pages = i915_ttm_put_pages,
	.truncate = i915_ttm_purge,
	.shrinker_release_pages = i915_ttm_shrinker_release_pages,

	.adjust_lru = i915_ttm_adjust_lru,
	.delayed_free = i915_ttm_delayed_free,
	.migrate = i915_ttm_migrate,

	.mmap_offset = i915_ttm_mmap_offset,
	.mmap_ops = &vm_ops_ttm,
};

void i915_ttm_bo_destroy(struct ttm_buffer_object *bo)
{
	struct drm_i915_gem_object *obj = i915_ttm_to_gem(bo);

	i915_gem_object_release_memory_region(obj);
	mutex_destroy(&obj->ttm.get_io_page.lock);

	if (obj->ttm.created) {
		/*
		 * We freely manage the shrinker LRU outide of the mm.pages life
		 * cycle. As a result when destroying the object we should be
		 * extra paranoid and ensure we remove it from the LRU, before
		 * we free the object.
		 *
		 * Touching the ttm_shrinkable outside of the object lock here
		 * should be safe now that the last GEM object ref was dropped.
		 */
		if (obj->mm.ttm_shrinkable)
			i915_gem_object_make_unshrinkable(obj);

		i915_ttm_backup_free(obj);

		/* This releases all gem object bindings to the backend. */
		__i915_gem_free_object(obj);

		call_rcu(&obj->rcu, __i915_gem_free_object_rcu);
	} else {
		__i915_gem_object_fini(obj);
	}
}

/**
 * __i915_gem_ttm_object_init - Initialize a ttm-backed i915 gem object
 * @mem: The initial memory region for the object.
 * @obj: The gem object.
 * @size: Object size in bytes.
 * @flags: gem object flags.
 *
 * Return: 0 on success, negative error code on failure.
 */
int __i915_gem_ttm_object_init(struct intel_memory_region *mem,
			       struct drm_i915_gem_object *obj,
			       resource_size_t size,
			       resource_size_t page_size,
			       unsigned int flags)
{
	static struct lock_class_key lock_class;
	struct drm_i915_private *i915 = mem->i915;
	struct ttm_operation_ctx ctx = {
		.interruptible = true,
		.no_wait_gpu = false,
	};
	enum ttm_bo_type bo_type;
	int ret;

	drm_gem_private_object_init(&i915->drm, &obj->base, size);
	i915_gem_object_init(obj, &i915_gem_ttm_obj_ops, &lock_class, flags);

	/* Don't put on a region list until we're either locked or fully initialized. */
	obj->mm.region = intel_memory_region_get(mem);
	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&obj->mm.region_link);

	INIT_RADIX_TREE(&obj->ttm.get_io_page.radix, GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_NOWARN);
	mutex_init(&obj->ttm.get_io_page.lock);
	bo_type = (obj->flags & I915_BO_ALLOC_USER) ? ttm_bo_type_device :
		ttm_bo_type_kernel;

	obj->base.vma_node.driver_private = i915_gem_to_ttm(obj);

	/* Forcing the page size is kernel internal only */
	GEM_BUG_ON(page_size && obj->mm.n_placements);

	/*
	 * Keep an extra shrink pin to prevent the object from being made
	 * shrinkable too early. If the ttm_tt is ever allocated in shmem, we
	 * drop the pin. The TTM backend manages the shrinker LRU itself,
	 * outside of the normal mm.pages life cycle.
	 */
	i915_gem_object_make_unshrinkable(obj);

	/*
	 * If this function fails, it will call the destructor, but
	 * our caller still owns the object. So no freeing in the
	 * destructor until obj->ttm.created is true.
	 * Similarly, in delayed_destroy, we can't call ttm_bo_put()
	 * until successful initialization.
	 */
	ret = ttm_bo_init_reserved(&i915->bdev, i915_gem_to_ttm(obj), size,
				   bo_type, &i915_sys_placement,
				   page_size >> PAGE_SHIFT,
				   &ctx, NULL, NULL, i915_ttm_bo_destroy);
	if (ret)
		return i915_ttm_err_to_gem(ret);

	obj->ttm.created = true;
	i915_gem_object_release_memory_region(obj);
	i915_gem_object_init_memory_region(obj, mem);
	i915_ttm_adjust_domains_after_move(obj);
	i915_ttm_adjust_gem_after_move(obj);
	i915_gem_object_unlock(obj);

	return 0;
}

static const struct intel_memory_region_ops ttm_system_region_ops = {
	.init_object = __i915_gem_ttm_object_init,
};

struct intel_memory_region *
i915_gem_ttm_system_setup(struct drm_i915_private *i915,
			  u16 type, u16 instance)
{
	struct intel_memory_region *mr;

	mr = intel_memory_region_create(i915, 0,
					totalram_pages() << PAGE_SHIFT,
					PAGE_SIZE, 0,
					type, instance,
					&ttm_system_region_ops);
	if (IS_ERR(mr))
		return mr;

	intel_memory_region_set_name(mr, "system-ttm");
	return mr;
}

/**
 * i915_gem_obj_copy_ttm - Copy the contents of one ttm-based gem object to
 * another
 * @dst: The destination object
 * @src: The source object
 * @allow_accel: Allow using the blitter. Otherwise TTM memcpy is used.
 * @intr: Whether to perform waits interruptible:
 *
 * Note: The caller is responsible for assuring that the underlying
 * TTM objects are populated if needed and locked.
 *
 * Return: Zero on success. Negative error code on error. If @intr == true,
 * then it may return -ERESTARTSYS or -EINTR.
 */
int i915_gem_obj_copy_ttm(struct drm_i915_gem_object *dst,
			  struct drm_i915_gem_object *src,
			  bool allow_accel, bool intr)
{
	struct ttm_buffer_object *dst_bo = i915_gem_to_ttm(dst);
	struct ttm_buffer_object *src_bo = i915_gem_to_ttm(src);
	struct ttm_operation_ctx ctx = {
		.interruptible = intr,
	};
	struct sg_table *dst_st;
	int ret;

	assert_object_held(dst);
	assert_object_held(src);

	/*
	 * Sync for now. This will change with async moves.
	 */
	ret = ttm_bo_wait_ctx(dst_bo, &ctx);
	if (!ret)
		ret = ttm_bo_wait_ctx(src_bo, &ctx);
	if (ret)
		return ret;

	dst_st = gpu_binds_iomem(dst_bo->resource) ?
		dst->ttm.cached_io_st : i915_ttm_tt_get_st(dst_bo->ttm);

	__i915_ttm_move(src_bo, false, dst_bo->resource, dst_bo->ttm,
			dst_st, allow_accel);

	return 0;
}