ecdd65051b
[ Upstream commit b2c3ccbd0011bb3b51d0fec24cb3a5812b1ec8ea ] When CONFIG_ARM64_LSE_ATOMICS=y, each use of an LL/SC atomic results in a fragment of code being generated in a subsection without a clear association with its caller. A trampoline in the caller branches to the LL/SC atomic with with a direct branch, and the atomic directly branches back into its trampoline. This breaks backtracing, as any PC within the out-of-line fragment will be symbolized as an offset from the nearest prior symbol (which may not be the function using the atomic), and since the atomic returns with a direct branch, the caller's PC may be missing from the backtrace. For example, with secondary_start_kernel() hacked to contain atomic_inc(NULL), the resulting exception can be reported as being taken from cpus_are_stuck_in_kernel(): | Unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at virtual address 0000000000000000 | Mem abort info: | ESR = 0x0000000096000004 | EC = 0x25: DABT (current EL), IL = 32 bits | SET = 0, FnV = 0 | EA = 0, S1PTW = 0 | FSC = 0x04: level 0 translation fault | Data abort info: | ISV = 0, ISS = 0x00000004 | CM = 0, WnR = 0 | [0000000000000000] user address but active_mm is swapper | Internal error: Oops: 96000004 [#1] PREEMPT SMP | Modules linked in: | CPU: 1 PID: 0 Comm: swapper/1 Not tainted 5.19.0-11219-geb555cb5b794-dirty #3 | Hardware name: linux,dummy-virt (DT) | pstate: 60000005 (nZCv daif -PAN -UAO -TCO -DIT -SSBS BTYPE=--) | pc : cpus_are_stuck_in_kernel+0xa4/0x120 | lr : secondary_start_kernel+0x164/0x170 | sp : ffff80000a4cbe90 | x29: ffff80000a4cbe90 x28: 0000000000000000 x27: 0000000000000000 | x26: 0000000000000000 x25: 0000000000000000 x24: 0000000000000000 | x23: 0000000000000000 x22: 0000000000000000 x21: 0000000000000000 | x20: 0000000000000001 x19: 0000000000000001 x18: 0000000000000008 | x17: 3030383832343030 x16: 3030303030307830 x15: ffff80000a4cbab0 | x14: 0000000000000001 x13: 5d31666130663133 x12: 3478305b20313030 | x11: 3030303030303078 x10: 3020726f73736563 x9 : 726f737365636f72 | x8 : ffff800009ff2ef0 x7 : 0000000000000003 x6 : 0000000000000000 | x5 : 0000000000000000 x4 : 0000000000000000 x3 : 0000000000000100 | x2 : 0000000000000000 x1 : ffff0000029bd880 x0 : 0000000000000000 | Call trace: | cpus_are_stuck_in_kernel+0xa4/0x120 | __secondary_switched+0xb0/0xb4 | Code: 35ffffa3 17fffc6c d53cd040 f9800011 (885f7c01) | ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]--- This is confusing and hinders debugging, and will be problematic for CONFIG_LIVEPATCH as these cases cannot be unwound reliably. This is very similar to recent issues with out-of-line exception fixups, which were removed in commits: 35d67794b8828333 ("arm64: lib: __arch_clear_user(): fold fixups into body") 4012e0e22739eef9 ("arm64: lib: __arch_copy_from_user(): fold fixups into body") 139f9ab73d60cf76 ("arm64: lib: __arch_copy_to_user(): fold fixups into body") When the trampolines were introduced in commit: addfc38672c73efd ("arm64: atomics: avoid out-of-line ll/sc atomics") The rationale was to improve icache performance by grouping the LL/SC atomics together. This has never been measured, and this theoretical benefit is outweighed by other factors: * As the subsections are collapsed into sections at object file granularity, these are spread out throughout the kernel and can share cachelines with unrelated code regardless. * GCC 12.1.0 has been observed to place the trampoline out-of-line in specialised __ll_sc_*() functions, introducing more branching than was intended. * Removing the trampolines has been observed to shrink a defconfig kernel Image by 64KiB when building with GCC 12.1.0. This patch removes the LL/SC trampolines, meaning that the LL/SC atomics will be inlined into their callers (or placed in out-of line functions using regular BL/RET pairs). When CONFIG_ARM64_LSE_ATOMICS=y, the LL/SC atomics are always called in an unlikely branch, and will be placed in a cold portion of the function, so this should have minimal impact to the hot paths. Other than the improved backtracing, there should be no functional change as a result of this patch. Signed-off-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com> Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220817155914.3975112-2-mark.rutland@arm.com Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Stable-dep-of: 031af50045ea ("arm64: cmpxchg_double*: hazard against entire exchange variable") Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
Linux kernel
============
There are several guides for kernel developers and users. These guides can
be rendered in a number of formats, like HTML and PDF. Please read
Documentation/admin-guide/README.rst first.
In order to build the documentation, use ``make htmldocs`` or
``make pdfdocs``. The formatted documentation can also be read online at:
https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/
There are various text files in the Documentation/ subdirectory,
several of them using the Restructured Text markup notation.
Please read the Documentation/process/changes.rst file, as it contains the
requirements for building and running the kernel, and information about
the problems which may result by upgrading your kernel.