linux/mm
Dan Williams f1eca35a0d mm/sparsemem: introduce struct mem_section_usage
Patch series "mm: Sub-section memory hotplug support", v10.

The memory hotplug section is an arbitrary / convenient unit for memory
hotplug.  'Section-size' units have bled into the user interface
('memblock' sysfs) and can not be changed without breaking existing
userspace.  The section-size constraint, while mostly benign for typical
memory hotplug, has and continues to wreak havoc with 'device-memory'
use cases, persistent memory (pmem) in particular.  Recall that pmem
uses devm_memremap_pages(), and subsequently arch_add_memory(), to
allocate a 'struct page' memmap for pmem.  However, it does not use the
'bottom half' of memory hotplug, i.e.  never marks pmem pages online and
never exposes the userspace memblock interface for pmem.  This leaves an
opening to redress the section-size constraint.

To date, the libnvdimm subsystem has attempted to inject padding to
satisfy the internal constraints of arch_add_memory().  Beyond
complicating the code, leading to bugs [2], wasting memory, and limiting
configuration flexibility, the padding hack is broken when the platform
changes this physical memory alignment of pmem from one boot to the
next.  Device failure (intermittent or permanent) and physical
reconfiguration are events that can cause the platform firmware to
change the physical placement of pmem on a subsequent boot, and device
failure is an everyday event in a data-center.

It turns out that sections are only a hard requirement of the
user-facing interface for memory hotplug and with a bit more
infrastructure sub-section arch_add_memory() support can be added for
kernel internal usages like devm_memremap_pages().  Here is an analysis
of the current design assumptions in the current code and how they are
addressed in the new implementation:

Current design assumptions:

 - Sections that describe boot memory (early sections) are never
   unplugged / removed.

 - pfn_valid(), in the CONFIG_SPARSEMEM_VMEMMAP=y, case devolves to a
   valid_section() check

 - __add_pages() and helper routines assume all operations occur in
   PAGES_PER_SECTION units.

 - The memblock sysfs interface only comprehends full sections

New design assumptions:

 - Sections are instrumented with a sub-section bitmask to track (on
   x86) individual 2MB sub-divisions of a 128MB section.

 - Partially populated early sections can be extended with additional
   sub-sections, and those sub-sections can be removed with
   arch_remove_memory(). With this in place we no longer lose usable
   memory capacity to padding.

 - pfn_valid() is updated to look deeper than valid_section() to also
   check the active-sub-section mask. This indication is in the same
   cacheline as the valid_section() so the performance impact is
   expected to be negligible. So far the lkp robot has not reported any
   regressions.

 - Outside of the core vmemmap population routines which are replaced,
   other helper routines like shrink_{zone,pgdat}_span() are updated to
   handle the smaller granularity. Core memory hotplug routines that
   deal with online memory are not touched.

 - The existing memblock sysfs user api guarantees / assumptions are not
   touched since this capability is limited to !online
   !memblock-sysfs-accessible sections.

Meanwhile the issue reports continue to roll in from users that do not
understand when and how the 128MB constraint will bite them.  The current
implementation relied on being able to support at least one misaligned
namespace, but that immediately falls over on any moderately complex
namespace creation attempt.  Beyond the initial problem of 'System RAM'
colliding with pmem, and the unsolvable problem of physical alignment
changes, Linux is now being exposed to platforms that collide pmem ranges
with other pmem ranges by default [3].  In short, devm_memremap_pages()
has pushed the venerable section-size constraint past the breaking point,
and the simplicity of section-aligned arch_add_memory() is no longer
tenable.

These patches are exposed to the kbuild robot on a subsection-v10 branch
[4], and a preview of the unit test for this functionality is available
on the 'subsection-pending' branch of ndctl [5].

[2]: https://lore.kernel.org/r/155000671719.348031.2347363160141119237.stgit@dwillia2-desk3.amr.corp.intel.com
[3]: https://github.com/pmem/ndctl/issues/76
[4]: https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/djbw/nvdimm.git/log/?h=subsection-v10
[5]: https://github.com/pmem/ndctl/commit/7c59b4867e1c

This patch (of 13):

Towards enabling memory hotplug to track partial population of a section,
introduce 'struct mem_section_usage'.

A pointer to a 'struct mem_section_usage' instance replaces the existing
pointer to a 'pageblock_flags' bitmap.  Effectively it adds one more
'unsigned long' beyond the 'pageblock_flags' (usemap) allocation to house
a new 'subsection_map' bitmap.  The new bitmap enables the memory
hot{plug,remove} implementation to act on incremental sub-divisions of a
section.

SUBSECTION_SHIFT is defined as global constant instead of per-architecture
value like SECTION_SIZE_BITS in order to allow cross-arch compatibility of
subsection users.  Specifically a common subsection size allows for the
possibility that persistent memory namespace configurations be made
compatible across architectures.

The primary motivation for this functionality is to support platforms that
mix "System RAM" and "Persistent Memory" within a single section, or
multiple PMEM ranges with different mapping lifetimes within a single
section.  The section restriction for hotplug has caused an ongoing saga
of hacks and bugs for devm_memremap_pages() users.

Beyond the fixups to teach existing paths how to retrieve the 'usemap'
from a section, and updates to usemap allocation path, there are no
expected behavior changes.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/156092349845.979959.73333291612799019.stgit@dwillia2-desk3.amr.corp.intel.com
Signed-off-by: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Oscar Salvador <osalvador@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Wei Yang <richardw.yang@linux.intel.com>
Tested-by: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.ibm.com>	[ppc64]
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Logan Gunthorpe <logang@deltatee.com>
Cc: Pavel Tatashin <pasha.tatashin@soleen.com>
Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Cc: Jérôme Glisse <jglisse@redhat.com>
Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: Jane Chu <jane.chu@oracle.com>
Cc: Pavel Tatashin <pasha.tatashin@soleen.com>
Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Cc: Qian Cai <cai@lca.pw>
Cc: Logan Gunthorpe <logang@deltatee.com>
Cc: Toshi Kani <toshi.kani@hpe.com>
Cc: Jeff Moyer <jmoyer@redhat.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@mellanox.com>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2019-07-18 17:08:07 -07:00
..
kasan mm/kasan: change kasan_check_{read,write} to return boolean 2019-07-12 11:05:42 -07:00
backing-dev.c backing-dev: no need to check return value of debugfs_create functions 2019-06-03 15:49:07 +02:00
balloon_compaction.c Merge 5.2-rc4 into char-misc-next 2019-06-09 09:11:21 +02:00
cleancache.c Driver Core and debugfs changes for 5.3-rc1 2019-07-12 12:24:03 -07:00
cma_debug.c mm/cma_debug.c: fix the break condition in cma_maxchunk_get() 2019-05-14 09:47:45 -07:00
cma.c mm/cma.c: fail if fixed declaration can't be honored 2019-07-16 19:23:21 -07:00
cma.h
compaction.c mm, compaction: make sure we isolate a valid PFN 2019-06-01 15:51:32 -07:00
debug_page_ref.c
debug.c mm: update references to page _refcount 2019-05-14 19:52:47 -07:00
dmapool.c mm: security: introduce init_on_alloc=1 and init_on_free=1 boot options 2019-07-12 11:05:46 -07:00
early_ioremap.c
fadvise.c vfs: implement readahead(2) using POSIX_FADV_WILLNEED 2018-08-30 20:01:32 +02:00
failslab.c mm/failslab.c: by default, do not fail allocations with direct reclaim only 2019-07-12 11:05:43 -07:00
filemap.c mm/filemap.c: correct the comment about VM_FAULT_RETRY 2019-07-12 11:05:43 -07:00
frame_vector.c
frontswap.c treewide: Replace GPLv2 boilerplate/reference with SPDX - rule 482 2019-06-19 17:09:52 +02:00
gup_benchmark.c mm/gup: replace get_user_pages_longterm() with FOLL_LONGTERM 2019-05-14 09:47:45 -07:00
gup.c mm: introduce ARCH_HAS_PTE_DEVMAP 2019-07-16 19:23:25 -07:00
highmem.c mm: convert totalram_pages and totalhigh_pages variables to atomic 2018-12-28 12:11:47 -08:00
hmm.c HMM patches for 5.3 2019-07-14 19:42:11 -07:00
huge_memory.c mm: thp: fix false negative of shmem vma's THP eligibility 2019-07-18 17:08:06 -07:00
hugetlb_cgroup.c
hugetlb.c mm: hugetlb: soft-offline: dissolve_free_huge_page() return zero on !PageHuge 2019-06-29 16:43:45 +08:00
hwpoison-inject.c hwpoison-inject: no need to check return value of debugfs_create functions 2019-06-03 15:39:40 +02:00
init-mm.c
internal.h treewide: Replace GPLv2 boilerplate/reference with SPDX - rule 152 2019-05-30 11:26:32 -07:00
interval_tree.c treewide: Replace GPLv2 boilerplate/reference with SPDX - rule 248 2019-06-19 17:09:08 +02:00
Kconfig mm: introduce ARCH_HAS_PTE_DEVMAP 2019-07-16 19:23:25 -07:00
Kconfig.debug mm, debug_pagealloc: use a page type instead of page_ext flag 2019-07-12 11:05:43 -07:00
khugepaged.c Revert "mm: page cache: store only head pages in i_pages" 2019-07-05 19:55:18 -07:00
kmemleak-test.c treewide: Replace GPLv2 boilerplate/reference with SPDX - rule 333 2019-06-05 17:37:06 +02:00
kmemleak.c Driver Core and debugfs changes for 5.3-rc1 2019-07-12 12:24:03 -07:00
ksm.c treewide: Replace GPLv2 boilerplate/reference with SPDX - rule 482 2019-06-19 17:09:52 +02:00
list_lru.c mm: memcg/slab: stop setting page->mem_cgroup pointer for slab pages 2019-07-12 11:05:44 -07:00
maccess.c treewide: Add SPDX license identifier for missed files 2019-05-21 10:50:45 +02:00
madvise.c mm: remove MEMORY_DEVICE_PUBLIC support 2019-07-02 14:32:43 -03:00
Makefile HMM patches for 5.3 2019-07-14 19:42:11 -07:00
memblock.c treewide: Replace GPLv2 boilerplate/reference with SPDX - rule 152 2019-05-30 11:26:32 -07:00
memcontrol.c mm/memcontrol.c: keep local VM counters in sync with the hierarchical ones 2019-07-16 19:23:21 -07:00
memfd.c Revert "mm: page cache: store only head pages in i_pages" 2019-07-05 19:55:18 -07:00
memory_hotplug.c mm/sparsemem: introduce struct mem_section_usage 2019-07-18 17:08:07 -07:00
memory-failure.c HMM patches for 5.3 2019-07-14 19:42:11 -07:00
memory.c mm: thp: make transhuge_vma_suitable available for anonymous THP 2019-07-18 17:08:06 -07:00
mempolicy.c mm: export alloc_pages_vma 2019-07-02 14:32:44 -03:00
mempool.c docs/core-api/mm: fix return value descriptions in mm/ 2019-03-05 21:07:20 -08:00
memtest.c
migrate.c HMM patches for 5.3 2019-07-14 19:42:11 -07:00
mincore.c mm/mincore.c: fix race between swapoff and mincore 2019-07-12 11:05:43 -07:00
mlock.c mm/mlock.c: change count_mm_mlocked_page_nr return type 2019-06-13 17:34:56 -10:00
mm_init.c treewide: Add SPDX license identifier for missed files 2019-05-21 10:50:45 +02:00
mmap.c treewide: Add SPDX license identifier for missed files 2019-05-21 10:50:45 +02:00
mmu_context.c
mmu_gather.c mm: mmu_gather: remove __tlb_reset_range() for force flush 2019-06-13 17:34:56 -10:00
mmu_notifier.c mm/mmu_notifier: use hlist_add_head_rcu() 2019-07-12 11:05:46 -07:00
mmzone.c
mprotect.c mm/mprotect.c: fix compilation warning because of unused 'mm' variable 2019-05-14 09:47:51 -07:00
mremap.c mm/mmu_notifier: contextual information for event triggering invalidation 2019-05-14 09:47:49 -07:00
msync.c
nommu.c mm: fix the MAP_UNINITIALIZED flag 2019-07-16 19:23:21 -07:00
oom_kill.c mm/oom_kill.c: remove redundant OOM score normalization in select_bad_process() 2019-07-12 11:05:47 -07:00
page_alloc.c mm/sparsemem: introduce struct mem_section_usage 2019-07-18 17:08:07 -07:00
page_counter.c
page_ext.c mm, debug_pagealloc: use a page type instead of page_ext flag 2019-07-12 11:05:43 -07:00
page_idle.c mm/page_idle.c: fix oops because end_pfn is larger than max_pfn 2019-06-29 16:43:45 +08:00
page_io.c mm, swap: use rbtree for swap_extent 2019-07-12 11:05:43 -07:00
page_isolation.c mm/page_isolation.c: change the prototype of undo_isolate_page_range() 2019-07-12 11:05:43 -07:00
page_owner.c mm/page_owner: Simplify stack trace handling 2019-04-29 12:37:50 +02:00
page_poison.c page_poison: play nicely with KASAN 2019-03-05 21:07:13 -08:00
page_vma_mapped.c mm/rmap: map_pte() was not handling private ZONE_DEVICE page properly 2018-10-31 08:54:11 -07:00
page-writeback.c mm: remove the account_page_dirtied export 2019-07-12 11:05:42 -07:00
pagewalk.c
percpu-internal.h percpu: convert chunk hints to be based on pcpu_block_md 2019-03-13 12:25:31 -07:00
percpu-km.c treewide: Replace GPLv2 boilerplate/reference with SPDX - rule 428 2019-06-05 17:37:16 +02:00
percpu-stats.c treewide: Replace GPLv2 boilerplate/reference with SPDX - rule 428 2019-06-05 17:37:16 +02:00
percpu-vm.c treewide: Replace GPLv2 boilerplate/reference with SPDX - rule 428 2019-06-05 17:37:16 +02:00
percpu.c treewide: Replace GPLv2 boilerplate/reference with SPDX - rule 428 2019-06-05 17:37:16 +02:00
pgtable-generic.c x86/mm: Page size aware flush_tlb_mm_range() 2018-10-09 16:51:11 +02:00
process_vm_access.c treewide: Replace GPLv2 boilerplate/reference with SPDX - rule 152 2019-05-30 11:26:32 -07:00
quicklist.c
readahead.c treewide: Add SPDX license identifier for missed files 2019-05-21 10:50:45 +02:00
rmap.c mm/rmap.c: use the pra.mapcount to do the check 2019-05-14 09:47:49 -07:00
rodata_test.c treewide: Replace GPLv2 boilerplate/reference with SPDX - rule 441 2019-06-05 17:37:17 +02:00
shmem.c mm: thp: fix false negative of shmem vma's THP eligibility 2019-07-18 17:08:06 -07:00
shuffle.c mm: maintain randomization of page free lists 2019-05-14 19:52:48 -07:00
shuffle.h mm: maintain randomization of page free lists 2019-05-14 19:52:48 -07:00
slab_common.c mm/slab_common.c: work around clang bug #42570 2019-07-16 19:23:21 -07:00
slab.c mm: security: introduce init_on_alloc=1 and init_on_free=1 boot options 2019-07-12 11:05:46 -07:00
slab.h mm: security: introduce init_on_alloc=1 and init_on_free=1 boot options 2019-07-12 11:05:46 -07:00
slob.c mm/slab: refactor common ksize KASAN logic into slab_common.c 2019-07-12 11:05:42 -07:00
slub.c mm: security: introduce init_on_alloc=1 and init_on_free=1 boot options 2019-07-12 11:05:46 -07:00
sparse-vmemmap.c mm: remove include/linux/bootmem.h 2018-10-31 08:54:16 -07:00
sparse.c mm/sparsemem: introduce struct mem_section_usage 2019-07-18 17:08:07 -07:00
swap_cgroup.c
swap_slots.c
swap_state.c mm/swap_state.c: simplify total_swapcache_pages() with get_swap_device() 2019-07-12 11:05:43 -07:00
swap.c docs: admin-guide: move sysctl directory to it 2019-07-15 11:03:01 -03:00
swapfile.c mm, swap: use rbtree for swap_extent 2019-07-12 11:05:43 -07:00
truncate.c treewide: Add SPDX license identifier for missed files 2019-05-21 10:50:45 +02:00
usercopy.c treewide: Replace GPLv2 boilerplate/reference with SPDX - rule 500 2019-06-19 17:09:55 +02:00
userfaultfd.c treewide: Replace GPLv2 boilerplate/reference with SPDX - rule 499 2019-06-19 17:09:53 +02:00
util.c mm: add account_locked_vm utility function 2019-07-16 19:23:25 -07:00
vmacache.c mm: get rid of vmacache_flush_all() entirely 2018-09-13 15:18:04 -10:00
vmalloc.c mm: vmalloc: show number of vmalloc pages in /proc/meminfo 2019-07-12 11:05:47 -07:00
vmpressure.c treewide: Replace GPLv2 boilerplate/reference with SPDX - rule 500 2019-06-19 17:09:55 +02:00
vmscan.c mm/vmscan.c: add checks for incorrect handling of current->reclaim_state 2019-07-16 19:23:21 -07:00
vmstat.c treewide: Add SPDX license identifier for missed files 2019-05-21 10:50:45 +02:00
workingset.c mm: memcontrol: make cgroup stats and events query API explicitly local 2019-05-14 19:52:53 -07:00
z3fold.c mm/z3fold.c: reinitialize zhdr structs after migration 2019-07-16 19:23:21 -07:00
zbud.c treewide: Add SPDX license identifier for more missed files 2019-05-21 10:50:45 +02:00
zpool.c treewide: Add SPDX license identifier for more missed files 2019-05-21 10:50:45 +02:00
zsmalloc.c mm/zsmalloc.c: remove unused variable 2019-06-05 16:36:49 +02:00
zswap.c zswap: ignore debugfs_create_dir() return value 2019-06-03 15:39:39 +02:00