zint/backend/rss.c

/* rss.c - GS1 DataBar (formerly Reduced Space Symbology) */

/*
    libzint - the open source barcode library
    Copyright (C) 2008-2021 Robin Stuart <rstuart114@gmail.com>

    Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
    modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
    are met:

    1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
    2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
       documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
    3. Neither the name of the project nor the names of its contributors
       may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
       without specific prior written permission.

    THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
    ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
    IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
    ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
    FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
    DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
    OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
    HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
    LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
    OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
    SUCH DAMAGE.
 */
/* vim: set ts=4 sw=4 et : */

/* The functions "rss_combins" and "getRSSwidths" are copyright BSI and are
   released with permission under the following terms:

   "Copyright subsists in all BSI publications. BSI also holds the copyright, in the
   UK, of the international standardisation bodies. Except as
   permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 no extract may be
   reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any
   means - electronic, photocopying, recording or otherwise - without prior written
   permission from BSI.

   "This does not preclude the free use, in the course of implementing the standard,
   of necessary details such as symbols, and size, type or grade designations. If these
   details are to be used for any other purpose than implementation then the prior
   written permission of BSI must be obtained."

   The date of publication for these functions is 30 November 2006
 */

/* Includes numerous bugfixes thanks to Pablo Orduña @ the PIRAmIDE project */

/* Note: This code reflects the symbol names as used in ISO/IEC 24724:2006. These names
 * were updated in ISO/IEC 24724:2011 as follows:
 *
 * RSS-14 > GS1 DataBar Omnidirectional
 * RSS-14 Truncated > GS1 DataBar Truncated
 * RSS-14 Stacked > GS1 DataBar Stacked
 * RSS-14 Stacked Omnidirectional > GS1 DataBar Stacked Omnidirectional
 * RSS Limited > GS1 DataBar Limited
 * RSS Expanded > GS1 DataBar Expanded Omnidirectional
 * RSS Expanded Stacked > GS1 DataBar Expanded Stacked Omnidirectional
 */

#include <stdio.h>
#ifdef _MSC_VER
#include <malloc.h>
#endif
#include "common.h"
#include "large.h"
#include "rss.h"
#include "gs1.h"
#include "general_field.h"

/****************************************************************************
 * rss_combins(n,r): returns the number of Combinations of r selected from n:
 *   Combinations = n! / ((n - r)! * r!)
 ****************************************************************************/
static int rss_combins(const int n, const int r) {
    int i, j;
    int maxDenom, minDenom;
    int val;

    if (n - r > r) {
        minDenom = r;
        maxDenom = n - r;
    } else {
        minDenom = n - r;
        maxDenom = r;
    }
    val = 1;
    j = 1;
    for (i = n; i > maxDenom; i--) {
        val *= i;
        if (j <= minDenom) {
            val /= j;
            j++;
        }
    }
    for (; j <= minDenom; j++) {
        val /= j;
    }
    return (val);
}

/**********************************************************************
 * getRSSwidths
 * routine to generate widths for RSS elements for a given value.#
 *
 * Calling arguments:
 * int widths[] = element widths
 * val = required value
 * n = number of modules
 * elements = elements in a set (RSS-14 & Expanded = 4; RSS Limited = 7)
 * maxWidth = maximum module width of an element
 * noNarrow = 0 will skip patterns without a one module wide element
 *
 **********************************************************************/
static void getRSSwidths(int widths[], int val, int n, const int elements, const int maxWidth, const int noNarrow) {
    int bar;
    int elmWidth;
    int mxwElement;
    int subVal, lessVal;
    int narrowMask = 0;
    for (bar = 0; bar < elements - 1; bar++) {
        for (elmWidth = 1, narrowMask |= (1 << bar);
                ;
                elmWidth++, narrowMask &= ~(1 << bar)) {
            /* get all combinations */
            subVal = rss_combins(n - elmWidth - 1, elements - bar - 2);
            /* less combinations with no single-module element */
            if ((!noNarrow) && (!narrowMask)
                    && (n - elmWidth - (elements - bar - 1) >= elements - bar - 1)) {
                subVal -= rss_combins(n - elmWidth - (elements - bar), elements - bar - 2);
            }
            /* less combinations with elements > maxVal */
            if (elements - bar - 1 > 1) {
                lessVal = 0;
                for (mxwElement = n - elmWidth - (elements - bar - 2);
                        mxwElement > maxWidth;
                        mxwElement--) {
                    lessVal += rss_combins(n - elmWidth - mxwElement - 1, elements - bar - 3);
                }
                subVal -= lessVal * (elements - 1 - bar);
            } else if (n - elmWidth > maxWidth) {
                subVal--;
            }
            val -= subVal;
            if (val < 0) break;
        }
        val += subVal;
        n -= elmWidth;
        widths[bar] = elmWidth;
    }
    widths[bar] = n;
    return;
}

/* Set GTIN-14 human readable text */
static void rss_set_gtin14_hrt(struct zint_symbol *symbol, const unsigned char *source, const int src_len) {
    int i;
    unsigned char *hrt = symbol->text + 4;

    ustrcpy(symbol->text, "(01)");
    for (i = 0; i < 12; i++) {
        hrt[i] = '0';
    }
    for (i = 0; i < src_len; i++) {
        hrt[12 - i] = source[src_len - i - 1];
    }

    hrt[13] = gs1_check_digit(hrt, 13);
    hrt[14] = '\0';
}

/* Expand from a width pattern to a bit pattern */
static int rss_expand(struct zint_symbol *symbol, int writer, int *p_latch, const int width) {
    int j;
    int latch = *p_latch;

    for (j = 0; j < width; j++) {
        if (latch) {
            set_module(symbol, symbol->rows, writer);
        } else {
            unset_module(symbol, symbol->rows, writer);
        }
        writer++;
    }

    *p_latch = !latch;

    return writer;
}

/* Adjust top/bottom separator for finder patterns */
static void rss14_finder_adjust(struct zint_symbol *symbol, const int separator_row, const int above_below,
            const int finder_start) {
    int i, finder_end;
    int module_row = separator_row + above_below;
    int latch;

    /* Alternation is always left-to-right for Omnidirectional separators (unlike for Expanded) */
    latch = 1;
    for (i = finder_start, finder_end = finder_start + 13; i < finder_end; i++) {
        if (!module_is_set(symbol, module_row, i)) {
            if (latch) {
                set_module(symbol, separator_row, i);
                latch = 0;
            } else {
                unset_module(symbol, separator_row, i);
                latch = 1;
            }
        } else {
            unset_module(symbol, separator_row, i);
            latch = 1;
        }
    }
}

/* Top/bottom separator for DataBar */
static void rss14_separator(struct zint_symbol *symbol, int width, const int separator_row, const int above_below,
            const int finder_start, const int finder2_start, const int bottom_finder_value_3) {
    int i, finder_end, finder_value_3_set;
    int module_row = separator_row + above_below;

    for (i = 4, width -= 4; i < width; i++) {
        if (!module_is_set(symbol, module_row, i)) {
            set_module(symbol, separator_row, i);
        }
    }
    if (bottom_finder_value_3) {
        /* ISO/IEC 24724:2011 5.3.2.2 "The single dark module that occurs in the 13 modules over finder value 3 is
           shifted one module to the right so that it is over the start of the three module-wide finder bar." */
        finder_value_3_set = finder_start + 10;
        for (i = finder_start, finder_end = finder_start + 13; i < finder_end; i++) {
            if (i == finder_value_3_set) {
                set_module(symbol, separator_row, i);
            } else {
                unset_module(symbol, separator_row, i);
            }
        }
    } else {
        if (finder_start) {
            rss14_finder_adjust(symbol, separator_row, above_below, finder_start);
        }
        if (finder2_start) {
            rss14_finder_adjust(symbol, separator_row, above_below, finder2_start);
        }
    }
}

/* Set Databar Stacked height, maintaining 5:7 ratio of the 2 main row heights */
INTERNAL int rss14_stk_set_height(struct zint_symbol *symbol, const int first_row) {
    int error_number = 0;
    float fixed_height = 0.0f;
    int second_row = first_row + 2; /* 2 row separator */
    int i;

    for (i = 0; i < symbol->rows; i++) {
        if (i != first_row && i != second_row) {
            fixed_height += symbol->row_height[i];
        }
    }
    if (symbol->height) {
        symbol->row_height[first_row] = (symbol->height - fixed_height) * symbol->row_height[first_row] /
                                        (symbol->row_height[first_row] + symbol->row_height[second_row]);
        if (symbol->row_height[first_row] < 0.5f) { /* Absolute minimum */
            symbol->row_height[first_row] = 0.5f;
            symbol->row_height[second_row] = 0.7f;
        } else {
            symbol->row_height[second_row] = symbol->height - fixed_height - symbol->row_height[first_row];
            if (symbol->row_height[second_row] < 0.7f) {
                symbol->row_height[second_row] = 0.7f;
            }
        }
    }
    symbol->height = symbol->row_height[first_row] + symbol->row_height[second_row] + fixed_height;

#ifdef COMPLIANT_HEIGHTS
    if (symbol->row_height[first_row] < 5.0f || symbol->row_height[second_row] < 7.0f) {
        error_number = ZINT_WARN_NONCOMPLIANT;
        strcpy(symbol->errtxt, "379: Height not compliant with standards");
    }
#endif

    return error_number;
}

/* GS1 DataBar Omnidirectional/Truncated/Stacked, allowing for composite if `cc_rows` set */
INTERNAL int rss14_cc(struct zint_symbol *symbol, unsigned char source[], int src_len, const int cc_rows) {
    int error_number, i;
    large_int accum;
    uint64_t left_pair, right_pair;
    int data_character[4] = {0}, data_group[4] = {0}, v_odd[4], v_even[4];
    int data_widths[8][4], checksum, c_left, c_right, total_widths[46], writer;
    int latch;
    int separator_row;
    int widths[4];

    separator_row = 0;

    if (src_len > 14) { /* Allow check digit to be specified (will be verified and ignored) */
        strcpy(symbol->errtxt, "380: Input too long (14 character maximum)");
        return ZINT_ERROR_TOO_LONG;
    }
    error_number = is_sane(NEON, source, src_len);
    if (error_number == ZINT_ERROR_INVALID_DATA) {
        strcpy(symbol->errtxt, "381: Invalid character in data (digits only)");
        return error_number;
    }

    if (src_len == 14) { /* Verify check digit */
        if (gs1_check_digit(source, 13) != source[13]) {
            sprintf(symbol->errtxt, "388: Invalid check digit '%c', expecting '%c'",
                    source[13], gs1_check_digit(source, 13));
            return ZINT_ERROR_INVALID_CHECK;
        }
        src_len--; /* Ignore */
    }

    /* make some room for a separator row for composite symbols */
    switch (symbol->symbology) {
        case BARCODE_DBAR_OMN_CC:
        case BARCODE_DBAR_STK_CC:
        case BARCODE_DBAR_OMNSTK_CC:
            separator_row = symbol->rows;
            symbol->row_height[separator_row] = 1;
            symbol->rows += 1;
            break;
    }

    large_load_str_u64(&accum, source, src_len);

    if (cc_rows) {
        /* Add symbol linkage flag */
        large_add_u64(&accum, 10000000000000);
    }

    /* Calculate left and right pair values */

    right_pair = large_div_u64(&accum, 4537077);
    left_pair = large_lo(&accum);

    /* Calculate four data characters */

    data_character[0] = (int) (left_pair / 1597);
    data_character[1] = (int) (left_pair % 1597);

    data_character[2] = (int) (right_pair / 1597);
    data_character[3] = (int) (right_pair % 1597);

    /* Calculate odd and even subset values */

    if (data_character[0] <= 160) {
        data_group[0] = 0;
    } else if (data_character[0] <= 960) {
        data_group[0] = 1;
    } else if (data_character[0] <= 2014) {
        data_group[0] = 2;
    } else if (data_character[0] <= 2714) {
        data_group[0] = 3;
    } else {
        data_group[0] = 4;
    }

    if (data_character[1] <= 335) {
        data_group[1] = 5;
    } else if (data_character[1] <= 1035) {
        data_group[1] = 6;
    } else if (data_character[1] <= 1515) {
        data_group[1] = 7;
    } else {
        data_group[1] = 8;
    }

    if (data_character[3] <= 335) {
        data_group[3] = 5;
    } else if (data_character[3] <= 1035) {
        data_group[3] = 6;
    } else if (data_character[3] <= 1515) {
        data_group[3] = 7;
    } else {
        data_group[3] = 8;
    }

    if (data_character[2] <= 160) {
        data_group[2] = 0;
    } else if (data_character[2] <= 960) {
        data_group[2] = 1;
    } else if (data_character[2] <= 2014) {
        data_group[2] = 2;
    } else if (data_character[2] <= 2714) {
        data_group[2] = 3;
    } else {
        data_group[2] = 4;
    }

    v_odd[0] = (data_character[0] - g_sum_table[data_group[0]]) / t_table[data_group[0]];
    v_even[0] = (data_character[0] - g_sum_table[data_group[0]]) % t_table[data_group[0]];
    v_odd[1] = (data_character[1] - g_sum_table[data_group[1]]) % t_table[data_group[1]];
    v_even[1] = (data_character[1] - g_sum_table[data_group[1]]) / t_table[data_group[1]];
    v_odd[3] = (data_character[3] - g_sum_table[data_group[3]]) % t_table[data_group[3]];
    v_even[3] = (data_character[3] - g_sum_table[data_group[3]]) / t_table[data_group[3]];
    v_odd[2] = (data_character[2] - g_sum_table[data_group[2]]) / t_table[data_group[2]];
    v_even[2] = (data_character[2] - g_sum_table[data_group[2]]) % t_table[data_group[2]];

    /* Use RSS subset width algorithm */
    for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
        if ((i == 0) || (i == 2)) {
            getRSSwidths(widths, v_odd[i], modules_odd[data_group[i]], 4, widest_odd[data_group[i]], 1);
            data_widths[0][i] = widths[0];
            data_widths[2][i] = widths[1];
            data_widths[4][i] = widths[2];
            data_widths[6][i] = widths[3];
            getRSSwidths(widths, v_even[i], modules_even[data_group[i]], 4, widest_even[data_group[i]], 0);
            data_widths[1][i] = widths[0];
            data_widths[3][i] = widths[1];
            data_widths[5][i] = widths[2];
            data_widths[7][i] = widths[3];
        } else {
            getRSSwidths(widths, v_odd[i], modules_odd[data_group[i]], 4, widest_odd[data_group[i]], 0);
            data_widths[0][i] = widths[0];
            data_widths[2][i] = widths[1];
            data_widths[4][i] = widths[2];
            data_widths[6][i] = widths[3];
            getRSSwidths(widths, v_even[i], modules_even[data_group[i]], 4, widest_even[data_group[i]], 1);
            data_widths[1][i] = widths[0];
            data_widths[3][i] = widths[1];
            data_widths[5][i] = widths[2];
            data_widths[7][i] = widths[3];
        }
    }

    checksum = 0;
    /* Calculate the checksum */
    for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
        checksum += checksum_weight[i] * data_widths[i][0];
        checksum += checksum_weight[i + 8] * data_widths[i][1];
        checksum += checksum_weight[i + 16] * data_widths[i][2];
        checksum += checksum_weight[i + 24] * data_widths[i][3];
    }
    checksum %= 79;

    /* Calculate the two check characters */
    if (checksum >= 8) {
        checksum++;
    }
    if (checksum >= 72) {
        checksum++;
    }
    c_left = checksum / 9;
    c_right = checksum % 9;

    if (symbol->debug & ZINT_DEBUG_PRINT) {
        printf("c_left: %d,  c_right: %d\n", c_left, c_right);
    }

    /* Put element widths together */
    total_widths[0] = 1;
    total_widths[1] = 1;
    total_widths[44] = 1;
    total_widths[45] = 1;
    for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
        total_widths[i + 2] = data_widths[i][0];
        total_widths[i + 15] = data_widths[7 - i][1];
        total_widths[i + 23] = data_widths[i][3];
        total_widths[i + 36] = data_widths[7 - i][2];
    }
    for (i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
        total_widths[i + 10] = finder_pattern[i + (5 * c_left)];
        total_widths[i + 31] = finder_pattern[(4 - i) + (5 * c_right)];
    }

    /* Put this data into the symbol */
    if ((symbol->symbology == BARCODE_DBAR_OMN) || (symbol->symbology == BARCODE_DBAR_OMN_CC)) {
        writer = 0;
        latch = 0;
        for (i = 0; i < 46; i++) {
            writer = rss_expand(symbol, writer, &latch, total_widths[i]);
        }
        if (symbol->width < writer) {
            symbol->width = writer;
        }
        if (symbol->symbology == BARCODE_DBAR_OMN_CC) {
            /* separator pattern for composite symbol */
            rss14_separator(symbol, 96, separator_row, 1 /*above*/, 18, 63, 0 /*bottom_finder_value_3*/);
        }
        symbol->rows = symbol->rows + 1;

        /* Set human readable text */
        rss_set_gtin14_hrt(symbol, source, src_len);

#ifdef COMPLIANT_HEIGHTS
        /* Minimum height is 13X for truncated symbol ISO/IEC 24724:2011 5.3.1
           Default height is 33X for DataBar Omnidirectional ISO/IEC 24724:2011 5.2 */
        if (symbol->symbology == BARCODE_DBAR_OMN_CC) {
            symbol->height = symbol->height ? 13.0f : 33.0f; /* Pass back min row or default height */
        } else {
            error_number = set_height(symbol, 13.0f, 33.0f, 0.0f, 0 /*no_errtxt*/);
        }
#else
        if (symbol->symbology == BARCODE_DBAR_OMN_CC) {
            symbol->height = 14.0f; /* 14X truncated min row height used (should be 13X) */
        } else {
            (void) set_height(symbol, 0.0f, 50.0f, 0.0f, 1 /*no_errtxt*/);
        }
#endif

    } else if ((symbol->symbology == BARCODE_DBAR_STK) || (symbol->symbology == BARCODE_DBAR_STK_CC)) {
        /* top row */
        writer = 0;
        latch = 0;
        for (i = 0; i < 23; i++) {
            writer = rss_expand(symbol, writer, &latch, total_widths[i]);
        }
        set_module(symbol, symbol->rows, writer);
        unset_module(symbol, symbol->rows, writer + 1);
        symbol->row_height[symbol->rows] = 5.0f; /* ISO/IEC 24724:2011 5.3.2.1 set to 5X */

        /* bottom row */
        symbol->rows = symbol->rows + 2;
        set_module(symbol, symbol->rows, 0);
        unset_module(symbol, symbol->rows, 1);
        writer = 2;
        latch = 1;
        for (i = 23; i < 46; i++) {
            writer = rss_expand(symbol, writer, &latch, total_widths[i]);
        }
        symbol->row_height[symbol->rows] = 7.0f; /* ISO/IEC 24724:2011 5.3.2.1 set to 7X */

        /* separator pattern */
        /* See #183 for this interpretation of ISO/IEC 24724:2011 5.3.2.1 */
        for (i = 1; i < 46; i++) {
            if (module_is_set(symbol, symbol->rows - 2, i) == module_is_set(symbol, symbol->rows, i)) {
                if (!(module_is_set(symbol, symbol->rows - 2, i))) {
                    set_module(symbol, symbol->rows - 1, i);
                }
            } else {
                if (!(module_is_set(symbol, symbol->rows - 1, i - 1))) {
                    set_module(symbol, symbol->rows - 1, i);
                }
            }
        }
        unset_module(symbol, symbol->rows - 1, 1);
        unset_module(symbol, symbol->rows - 1, 2);
        unset_module(symbol, symbol->rows - 1, 3);
        symbol->row_height[symbol->rows - 1] = 1;

        if (symbol->symbology == BARCODE_DBAR_STK_CC) {
            /* separator pattern for composite symbol */
            rss14_separator(symbol, 50, separator_row, 1 /*above*/, 18, 0, 0 /*bottom_finder_value_3*/);
        }
        symbol->rows = symbol->rows + 1;
        if (symbol->width < 50) {
            symbol->width = 50;
        }

        if (symbol->symbology != BARCODE_DBAR_STK_CC) { /* Composite calls rss14_stk_set_height() itself */
            error_number = rss14_stk_set_height(symbol, 0 /*first_row*/);
        }

    } else if ((symbol->symbology == BARCODE_DBAR_OMNSTK) || (symbol->symbology == BARCODE_DBAR_OMNSTK_CC)) {
        /* top row */
        writer = 0;
        latch = 0;
        for (i = 0; i < 23; i++) {
            writer = rss_expand(symbol, writer, &latch, total_widths[i]);
        }
        set_module(symbol, symbol->rows, writer);
        unset_module(symbol, symbol->rows, writer + 1);

        /* bottom row */
        symbol->rows = symbol->rows + 4;
        set_module(symbol, symbol->rows, 0);
        unset_module(symbol, symbol->rows, 1);
        writer = 2;
        latch = 1;
        for (i = 23; i < 46; i++) {
            writer = rss_expand(symbol, writer, &latch, total_widths[i]);
        }

        /* middle separator */
        for (i = 5; i < 46; i += 2) {
            set_module(symbol, symbol->rows - 2, i);
        }
        symbol->row_height[symbol->rows - 2] = 1;

        /* top separator */
        rss14_separator(symbol, 50, symbol->rows - 3, -1 /*below*/, 18, 0, 0 /*bottom_finder_value_3*/);
        symbol->row_height[symbol->rows - 3] = 1;

        /* bottom separator */
        /* 17 == 2 (guard) + 15 (inner char); +2 to skip over finder elements 4 & 5 (right to left) */
        rss14_separator(symbol, 50, symbol->rows - 1, 1 /*above*/, 17 + 2, 0, c_right == 3);
        symbol->row_height[symbol->rows - 1] = 1;
        if (symbol->width < 50) {
            symbol->width = 50;
        }

        if (symbol->symbology == BARCODE_DBAR_OMNSTK_CC) {
            /* separator pattern for composite symbol */
            rss14_separator(symbol, 50, separator_row, 1 /*above*/, 18, 0, 0 /*bottom_finder_value_3*/);
        }
        symbol->rows = symbol->rows + 1;

        /* ISO/IEC 24724:2011 5.3.2.2 minimum 33X height per row */
        if (symbol->symbology == BARCODE_DBAR_OMNSTK_CC) {
            symbol->height = symbol->height ? 33.0f : 66.0f; /* Pass back min row or default height */
        } else {
#ifdef COMPLIANT_HEIGHTS
            error_number = set_height(symbol, 33.0f, 66.0f, 0.0f, 0 /*no_errtxt*/);
#else
            (void) set_height(symbol, 0.0f, 66.0f, 0.0f, 1 /*no_errtxt*/);
#endif
        }
    }

    return error_number;
}

/* GS1 DataBar Omnidirectional/Truncated/Stacked */
INTERNAL int rss14(struct zint_symbol *symbol, unsigned char source[], int src_len) {
    return rss14_cc(symbol, source, src_len, 0 /*cc_rows*/);
}

/* GS1 DataBar Limited, allowing for composite if `cc_rows` set  */
INTERNAL int rsslimited_cc(struct zint_symbol *symbol, unsigned char source[], int src_len, const int cc_rows) {
    int error_number, i;
    large_int accum;
    uint64_t left_character, right_character;
    int left_group, right_group, left_odd, left_even, right_odd, right_even;
    int left_widths[14], right_widths[14];
    int checksum, check_elements[14], total_widths[47], writer;
    int latch;
    int separator_row;
    int widths[7];

    separator_row = 0;

    if (src_len > 14) { /* Allow check digit to be specified (will be verified and ignored) */
        strcpy(symbol->errtxt, "382: Input too long (14 character maximum)");
        return ZINT_ERROR_TOO_LONG;
    }
    error_number = is_sane(NEON, source, src_len);
    if (error_number == ZINT_ERROR_INVALID_DATA) {
        strcpy(symbol->errtxt, "383: Invalid character in data (digits only)");
        return error_number;
    }

    if (src_len == 14) { /* Verify check digit */
        if (gs1_check_digit(source, 13) != source[13]) {
            sprintf(symbol->errtxt, "389: Invalid check digit '%c', expecting '%c'",
                    source[13], gs1_check_digit(source, 13));
            return ZINT_ERROR_INVALID_CHECK;
        }
        src_len--; /* Ignore */
    }

    if (src_len == 13) {
        if ((source[0] != '0') && (source[0] != '1')) {
            strcpy(symbol->errtxt, "384: Input out of range (0 to 1999999999999)");
            return ZINT_ERROR_INVALID_DATA;
        }
    }

    /* make some room for a separator row for composite symbols */
    if (symbol->symbology == BARCODE_DBAR_LTD_CC) {
        separator_row = symbol->rows;
        symbol->row_height[separator_row] = 1;
        symbol->rows += 1;
    }

    large_load_str_u64(&accum, source, src_len);

    if (cc_rows) {
        /* Add symbol linkage flag */
        large_add_u64(&accum, 2015133531096);
    }

    /* Calculate left and right pair values */

    right_character = large_div_u64(&accum, 2013571);
    left_character = large_lo(&accum);

    if (left_character >= 1996939) {
        left_group = 6;
        left_character -= 1996939;
    } else if (left_character >= 1979845) {
        left_group = 5;
        left_character -= 1979845;
    } else if (left_character >= 1491021) {
        left_group = 4;
        left_character -= 1491021;
    } else if (left_character >= 1000776) {
        left_group = 3;
        left_character -= 1000776;
    } else if (left_character >= 820064) {
        left_group = 2;
        left_character -= 820064;
    } else if (left_character >= 183064) {
        left_group = 1;
        left_character -= 183064;
    } else {
        left_group = 0;
    }

    if (right_character >= 1996939) {
        right_group = 6;
        right_character -= 1996939;
    } else if (right_character >= 1979845) {
        right_group = 5;
        right_character -= 1979845;
    } else if (right_character >= 1491021) {
        right_group = 4;
        right_character -= 1491021;
    } else if (right_character >= 1000776) {
        right_group = 3;
        right_character -= 1000776;
    } else if (right_character >= 820064) {
        right_group = 2;
        right_character -= 820064;
    } else if (right_character >= 183064) {
        right_group = 1;
        right_character -= 183064;
    } else {
        right_group = 0;
    }

    left_odd = (int) (left_character / t_even_ltd[left_group]);
    left_even = (int) (left_character % t_even_ltd[left_group]);
    right_odd = (int) (right_character / t_even_ltd[right_group]);
    right_even = (int) (right_character % t_even_ltd[right_group]);

    getRSSwidths(widths, left_odd, modules_odd_ltd[left_group], 7, widest_odd_ltd[left_group], 1);
    for (i = 0; i <= 6; i++) {
        left_widths[i * 2] = widths[i];
    }
    getRSSwidths(widths, left_even, modules_even_ltd[left_group], 7, widest_even_ltd[left_group], 0);
    for (i = 0; i <= 6; i++) {
        left_widths[i * 2 + 1] = widths[i];
    }
    getRSSwidths(widths, right_odd, modules_odd_ltd[right_group], 7, widest_odd_ltd[right_group], 1);
    for (i = 0; i <= 6; i++) {
        right_widths[i * 2] = widths[i];
    }
    getRSSwidths(widths, right_even, modules_even_ltd[right_group], 7, widest_even_ltd[right_group], 0);
    for (i = 0; i <= 6; i++) {
        right_widths[i * 2 + 1] = widths[i];
    }

    checksum = 0;
    /* Calculate the checksum */
    for (i = 0; i < 14; i++) {
#if _MSC_VER == 1900 && defined(_WIN64) /* MSVC 2015 x64 */
        checksum %= 89; /* Hack to get around optimizer bug */
#endif
        checksum += checksum_weight_ltd[i] * left_widths[i];
        checksum += checksum_weight_ltd[i + 14] * right_widths[i];
    }
    checksum %= 89;

    for (i = 0; i < 14; i++) {
        check_elements[i] = finder_pattern_ltd[i + (checksum * 14)];
    }

    total_widths[0] = 1;
    total_widths[1] = 1;
    total_widths[44] = 1;
    total_widths[45] = 1;
    total_widths[46] = 5;
    for (i = 0; i < 14; i++) {
        total_widths[i + 2] = left_widths[i];
        total_widths[i + 16] = check_elements[i];
        total_widths[i + 30] = right_widths[i];
    }

    writer = 0;
    latch = 0;
    for (i = 0; i < 47; i++) {
        writer = rss_expand(symbol, writer, &latch, total_widths[i]);
    }
    if (symbol->width < writer) {
        symbol->width = writer;
    }
    symbol->rows = symbol->rows + 1;

    /* add separator pattern if composite symbol */
    if (symbol->symbology == BARCODE_DBAR_LTD_CC) {
        for (i = 4; i < 70; i++) {
            if (!(module_is_set(symbol, separator_row + 1, i))) {
                set_module(symbol, separator_row, i);
            }
        }
    }

    /* Set human readable text */
    rss_set_gtin14_hrt(symbol, source, src_len);

    /* ISO/IEC 24724:2011 6.2 10X minimum height, use as default also */
    if (symbol->symbology == BARCODE_DBAR_LTD_CC) {
        symbol->height = 10.0f; /* Pass back min row == default height */
    } else {
#ifdef COMPLIANT_HEIGHTS
        error_number = set_height(symbol, 10.0f, 10.0f, 0.0f, 0 /*no_errtxt*/);
#else
        (void) set_height(symbol, 0.0f, 50.0f, 0.0f, 1 /*no_errtxt*/);
#endif
    }

    return error_number;
}

/* GS1 DataBar Limited */
INTERNAL int rsslimited(struct zint_symbol *symbol, unsigned char source[], int src_len) {
    return rsslimited_cc(symbol, source, src_len, 0 /*cc_rows*/);
}

/* Check and convert date to RSS date value */
INTERNAL int rss_date(const unsigned char source[], const int src_posn) {
    int yy = to_int(source + src_posn, 2);
    int mm = to_int(source + src_posn + 2, 2);
    int dd = to_int(source + src_posn + 4, 2);

    /* Month can't be zero but day can (means last day of month,
       GS1 General Specifications Sections 3.4.2 to 3.4.7) */
    if (yy < 0 || mm <= 0 || mm > 12 || dd < 0 || dd > 31) {
        return -1;
    }
    return yy * 384 + (mm - 1) * 32 + dd;
}

/* Handles all data encodation from section 7.2.5 of ISO/IEC 24724 */
static int rssexp_binary_string(struct zint_symbol *symbol, const unsigned char source[], char binary_string[],
            int cols_per_row, int *p_bp) {
    int encoding_method, i, j, read_posn, debug = (symbol->debug & ZINT_DEBUG_PRINT), mode = NUMERIC;
    char last_digit = '\0';
    int symbol_characters, characters_per_row = cols_per_row * 2;
    int length = (int) ustrlen(source);
#ifndef _MSC_VER
    char general_field[length + 1];
#else
    char *general_field = (char *) _alloca(length + 1);
#endif
    int bp = *p_bp;
    int remainder, d1, d2;
    int cdf_bp_start; /* Compressed data field start - debug only */

    /* Decide whether a compressed data field is required and if so what
    method to use - method 2 = no compressed data field */

    if ((length >= 16) && ((source[0] == '0') && (source[1] == '1'))) {
        /* (01) and other AIs */
        encoding_method = 1;
        if (debug) printf("Choosing Method 1\n");
    } else {
        /* any AIs */
        encoding_method = 2;
        if (debug) printf("Choosing Method 2\n");
    }

    if (((length >= 20) && (encoding_method == 1)) && ((source[2] == '9') && (source[16] == '3'))) {
        /* Possibly encoding method > 2 */

        if (debug) printf("Checking for other methods\n");

        if ((length >= 26) && (source[17] == '1') && (source[18] == '0')) {
            /* Methods 3, 7, 9, 11 and 13 */

            /* (01) and (310x) */
            int weight = to_int(source + 20, 6);

            /* Maximum weight = 99999 for 7 to 14 (ISO/IEC 24724:2011 7.2.5.4.4) */
            if (weight >= 0 && weight <= 99999) {

                if (length == 26) {
                    if ((source[19] == '3') && weight <= 32767) { /* In grams, max 32.767 kilos */
                        /* (01) and (3103) */
                        encoding_method = 3;
                    } else {
                        /* (01), (310x) - use method 7 with dummy date 38400 */
                        encoding_method = 7;
                    }

                } else if ((length == 34) && (source[26] == '1')
                            && (source[27] == '1' || source[27] == '3' || source[27] == '5' || source[27] == '7')
                            && rss_date(source, 28) >= 0) {

                    /* (01), (310x) and (11) - metric weight and production date */
                    /* (01), (310x) and (13) - metric weight and packaging date */
                    /* (01), (310x) and (15) - metric weight and "best before" date */
                    /* (01), (310x) and (17) - metric weight and expiration date */
                    encoding_method = 6 + (source[27] - '0');
                }
            }

        } else if ((length >= 26) && (source[17] == '2') && (source[18] == '0')) {
            /* Methods 4, 8, 10, 12 and 14 */

            /* (01) and (320x) */
            int weight = to_int(source + 20, 6);

            /* Maximum weight = 99999 for 7 to 14 (ISO/IEC 24724:2011 7.2.5.4.4) */
            if (weight >= 0 && weight <= 99999) {

                /* (3202) in 0.01 pounds, max 99.99 pounds; (3203) in 0.001 pounds, max 22.767 pounds */
                if (length == 26) {
                    if ((source[19] == '2' && weight <= 9999) || (source[19] == '3' && weight <= 22767)) {
                        /* (01) and (3202)/(3203) */
                        encoding_method = 4;
                    } else {
                        /* (01), (320x) - use method 8 with dummy date 38400 */
                        encoding_method = 8;
                    }

                } else if ((length == 34) && (source[26] == '1')
                            && (source[27] == '1' || source[27] == '3' || source[27] == '5' || source[27] == '7')
                            && rss_date(source, 28) >= 0) {

                    /* (01), (320x) and (11) - English weight and production date */
                    /* (01), (320x) and (13) - English weight and packaging date */
                    /* (01), (320x) and (15) - English weight and "best before" date */
                    /* (01), (320x) and (17) - English weight and expiration date */
                    encoding_method = 7 + (source[27] - '0');
                }
            }

        } else if ((source[17] == '9') && ((source[19] >= '0') && (source[19] <= '3'))) {
            /* Methods 5 and 6 */
            if (source[18] == '2') {
                /* (01) and (392x) */
                encoding_method = 5;
            } else if (source[18] == '3' && to_int(source + 20, 3) >= 0) { /* Check 3-digit currency string */
                /* (01) and (393x) */
                encoding_method = 6;
            }
        }

        if (debug && encoding_method != 1) printf("Now using method %d\n", encoding_method);
    }

    switch (encoding_method) { /* Encoding method - Table 10 */
        case 1: bp = bin_append_posn(4, 3, binary_string, bp); /* "1XX" */
            read_posn = 16;
            break;
        case 2: bp = bin_append_posn(0, 4, binary_string, bp); /* "00XX" */
            read_posn = 0;
            break;
        case 3: // 0100
        case 4: // 0101
            bp = bin_append_posn(4 + (encoding_method - 3), 4, binary_string, bp);
            read_posn = 26;
            break;
        case 5: bp = bin_append_posn(0x30, 7, binary_string, bp); /* "01100XX" */
            read_posn = 20;
            break;
        case 6: bp = bin_append_posn(0x34, 7, binary_string, bp); /* "01101XX" */
            read_posn = 23;
            break;
        default: /* modes 7 to 14 */
            bp = bin_append_posn(56 + (encoding_method - 7), 7, binary_string, bp);
            read_posn = length; /* 34 or 26 */
            break;
    }
    if (debug) printf("Setting binary = %.*s\n", bp, binary_string);

    /* Variable length symbol bit field is just given a place holder (XX)
    for the time being */

    /* Verify that the data to be placed in the compressed data field is all
    numeric data before carrying out compression */
    for (i = 0; i < read_posn; i++) {
        if ((source[i] < '0') || (source[i] > '9')) {
            if (source[i] != '[') {
                /* Something is wrong */
                strcpy(symbol->errtxt, "385: Invalid character in Compressed Field data (digits only)");
                return ZINT_ERROR_INVALID_DATA;
            }
        }
    }

    /* Now encode the compressed data field */

    if (debug) printf("Proceeding to encode data\n");
    cdf_bp_start = bp; /* Debug use only */

    if (encoding_method == 1) {
        /* Encoding method field "1" - general item identification data */

        bp = bin_append_posn(ctoi(source[2]), 4, binary_string, bp); /* Leading digit after stripped "01" */

        for (i = 3; i < 15; i += 3) { /* Next 12 digits, excluding final check digit */
            bp = bin_append_posn(to_int(source + i, 3), 10, binary_string, bp);
        }

    } else if ((encoding_method == 3) || (encoding_method == 4)) {
        /* Encoding method field "0100" - variable weight item
        (0,001 kilogram icrements) */
        /* Encoding method field "0101" - variable weight item (0,01 or
        0,001 pound increment) */

        for (i = 3; i < 15; i += 3) { /* Leading "019" stripped, and final check digit excluded */
            bp = bin_append_posn(to_int(source + i, 3), 10, binary_string, bp);
        }

        if ((encoding_method == 4) && (source[19] == '3')) {
            bp = bin_append_posn(to_int(source + 20, 6) + 10000, 15, binary_string, bp);
        } else {
            bp = bin_append_posn(to_int(source + 20, 6), 15, binary_string, bp);
        }

    } else if ((encoding_method == 5) || (encoding_method == 6)) {
        /* Encoding method "01100" - variable measure item and price */
        /* Encoding method "01101" - variable measure item and price with ISO 4217
        Currency Code */

        for (i = 3; i < 15; i += 3) { /* Leading "019" stripped, and final check digit excluded */
            bp = bin_append_posn(to_int(source + i, 3), 10, binary_string, bp);
        }

        bp = bin_append_posn(source[19] - '0', 2, binary_string, bp); /* 0-3 x of 392x/393x */

        if (encoding_method == 6) {
            bp = bin_append_posn(to_int(source + 20, 3), 10, binary_string, bp); /* 3-digit currency */
        }

    } else if ((encoding_method >= 7) && (encoding_method <= 14)) {
        /* Encoding method fields "0111000" through "0111111" - variable
        weight item plus date */
        int group_val;
        char weight_str[8];

        for (i = 3; i < 15; i += 3) { /* Leading "019" stripped, and final check digit excluded */
            bp = bin_append_posn(to_int(source + i, 3), 10, binary_string, bp);
        }

        weight_str[0] = source[19]; /* 0-9 x of 310x/320x */

        for (i = 1; i < 6; i++) { /* Leading "0" of weight excluded */
            weight_str[i] = source[20 + i];
        }
        weight_str[6] = '\0';

        bp = bin_append_posn(atoi(weight_str), 20, binary_string, bp);

        if (length == 34) {
            /* Date information is included */
            group_val = rss_date(source, 28);
        } else {
            group_val = 38400;
        }

        bp = bin_append_posn((int) group_val, 16, binary_string, bp);
    }

    if (debug && bp > cdf_bp_start) {
        printf("Compressed data field (%d) = %.*s\n", bp - cdf_bp_start, bp - cdf_bp_start,
            binary_string + cdf_bp_start);
    }

    /* The compressed data field has been processed if appropriate - the
    rest of the data (if any) goes into a general-purpose data compaction field */

    j = 0;
    for (i = read_posn; i < length; i++) {
        general_field[j] = source[i];
        j++;
    }
    general_field[j] = '\0';

    if (debug) printf("General field data = %s\n", general_field);

    if (j != 0) { /* If general field not empty */
        if (!general_field_encode(general_field, j, &mode, &last_digit, binary_string, &bp)) { /* Failure should never happen */
            /* Not reachable */
            strcpy(symbol->errtxt, "386: Invalid character in General Field data");
            return ZINT_ERROR_INVALID_DATA;
        }
    }

    if (debug) printf("Resultant binary = %.*s\n\tLength: %d\n", bp, binary_string, bp);

    remainder = 12 - (bp % 12);
    if (remainder == 12) {
        remainder = 0;
    }
    symbol_characters = ((bp + remainder) / 12) + 1;

    if (characters_per_row && (symbol_characters % characters_per_row) == 1) { // DBAR_EXPSTK
        symbol_characters++;
    }

    if (symbol_characters < 4) {
        symbol_characters = 4;
    }

    remainder = (12 * (symbol_characters - 1)) - bp;

    if (last_digit) {
        /* There is still one more numeric digit to encode */
        if (debug) printf("Adding extra (odd) numeric digit\n");

        if ((remainder >= 4) && (remainder <= 6)) {
            bp = bin_append_posn(ctoi(last_digit) + 1, 4, binary_string, bp);
        } else {
            d1 = ctoi(last_digit);
            d2 = 10;

            bp = bin_append_posn((11 * d1) + d2 + 8, 7, binary_string, bp);
        }

        remainder = 12 - (bp % 12);
        if (remainder == 12) {
            remainder = 0;
        }
        symbol_characters = ((bp + remainder) / 12) + 1;

        if (characters_per_row && (symbol_characters % characters_per_row) == 1) { // DBAR_EXPSTK
            symbol_characters++;
        }

        if (symbol_characters < 4) {
            symbol_characters = 4;
        }

        remainder = (12 * (symbol_characters - 1)) - bp;

        if (debug) printf("Resultant binary = %.*s\n\tLength: %d\n", bp, binary_string, bp);
    }

    if (bp > 252) { /* 252 = (21 * 12) */
        strcpy(symbol->errtxt, "387: Input too long"); // TODO: Better error message
        return ZINT_ERROR_TOO_LONG;
    }

    /* Now add padding to binary string (7.2.5.5.4) */
    i = remainder;
    if (mode == NUMERIC) {
        bp = bin_append_posn(0, 4, binary_string, bp); /* "0000" */
        i -= 4;
    }
    for (; i > 0; i -= 5) {
        bp = bin_append_posn(4, 5, binary_string, bp); /* "00100" */
    }

    /* Patch variable length symbol bit field */
    d1 = symbol_characters & 1;

    if (symbol_characters <= 14) {
        d2 = 0;
    } else {
        d2 = 1;
    }

    if (encoding_method == 1) {
        binary_string[2] = d1 ? '1' : '0';
        binary_string[3] = d2 ? '1' : '0';
    } else if (encoding_method == 2) {
        binary_string[3] = d1 ? '1' : '0';
        binary_string[4] = d2 ? '1' : '0';
    } else if ((encoding_method == 5) || (encoding_method == 6)) {
        binary_string[6] = d1 ? '1' : '0';
        binary_string[7] = d2 ? '1' : '0';
    }
    if (debug) {
        printf("Resultant binary = %.*s\n\tLength: %d, Symbol chars: %d\n", bp, binary_string, bp, symbol_characters);
    }

    *p_bp = bp;

    return 0;
}

/* Separator for DataBar Expanded Stacked and DataBar Expanded Composite */
static void rssexp_separator(struct zint_symbol *symbol, int width, const int cols, const int separator_row,
            const int above_below, const int special_case_row, const int left_to_right, const int odd_last_row,
            int *p_v2_latch) {
    int i, i_start, i_end, j, k;
    int module_row = separator_row + above_below;
    int v2_latch = p_v2_latch ? *p_v2_latch : 0;
    int space_latch = 0;

    for (j = 4 + special_case_row, width -= 4; j < width; j++) {
        if (module_is_set(symbol, module_row, j)) {
            unset_module(symbol, separator_row, j);
        } else {
            set_module(symbol, separator_row, j);
        }
    }

    /* finder adjustment */
    for (j = 0; j < cols; j++) {
        /* 49 == data (17) + finder (15) + data(17) triplet, 19 == 2 (guard) + 17 (initial check/data character) */
        k = (49 * j) + 19 + special_case_row;
        if (left_to_right) {
            /* Last 13 modules of version 2 finder and first 13 modules of version 1 finder */
            i_start = v2_latch ? 2 : 0;
            i_end = v2_latch ? 15 : 13;
            for (i = i_start; i < i_end; i++) {
                if (module_is_set(symbol, module_row, i + k)) {
                    unset_module(symbol, separator_row, i + k);
                    space_latch = 0;
                } else {
                    if (space_latch) {
                        unset_module(symbol, separator_row, i + k);
                    } else {
                        set_module(symbol, separator_row, i + k);
                    }
                    space_latch = !space_latch;
                }
            }
        } else {
            if (odd_last_row) {
                k -= 17; /* No data char at beginning of row, i.e. ends with finder */
            }
            /* First 13 modules of version 1 finder and last 13 modules of version 2 finder */
            i_start = v2_latch ? 14 : 12;
            i_end = v2_latch ? 2 : 0;
            for (i = i_start; i >= i_end; i--) {
                if (module_is_set(symbol, module_row, i + k)) {
                    unset_module(symbol, separator_row, i + k);
                    space_latch = 0;
                } else {
                    if (space_latch) {
                        unset_module(symbol, separator_row, i + k);
                    } else {
                        set_module(symbol, separator_row, i + k);
                    }
                    space_latch = !space_latch;
                }
            }
        }
        v2_latch = !v2_latch;
    }

    if (p_v2_latch && above_below == -1) { /* Only set if below */
        *p_v2_latch = v2_latch;
    }
}

/* GS1 DataBar Expanded, setting linkage for composite if `cc_rows` set */
INTERNAL int rssexpanded_cc(struct zint_symbol *symbol, unsigned char source[], int src_len, const int cc_rows) {
    int error_number, warn_number = 0;
    int i, j, k, p, codeblocks, data_chars, vs, group, v_odd, v_even;
    int latch;
    int char_widths[21][8], checksum, check_widths[8], c_group;
    int check_char, c_odd, c_even, elements[235], pattern_width, reader, writer;
    int separator_row;
    /* Allow for 8 bits + 5-bit latch per char + 200 bits overhead/padding */
    unsigned int bin_len = 13 * src_len + 200 + 1;
    int widths[4];
    int bp = 0;
    int cols_per_row = 0;
    int stack_rows = 1;
#ifndef _MSC_VER
    unsigned char reduced[src_len + 1];
    char binary_string[bin_len];
#else
    unsigned char *reduced = (unsigned char *) _alloca(src_len + 1);
    char *binary_string = (char *) _alloca(bin_len);
#endif

    separator_row = 0;

    error_number = gs1_verify(symbol, source, src_len, reduced);
    if (error_number >= ZINT_ERROR) {
        return error_number;
    }
    warn_number = error_number;

    if (symbol->debug & ZINT_DEBUG_PRINT) {
        printf("Reduced (%d): %s\n", (int) ustrlen(reduced), reduced);
    }

    if ((symbol->symbology == BARCODE_DBAR_EXP_CC) || (symbol->symbology == BARCODE_DBAR_EXPSTK_CC)) {
        /* make space for a composite separator pattern */
        separator_row = symbol->rows;
        symbol->row_height[separator_row] = 1;
        symbol->rows += 1;
    }

    if (cc_rows) { /* The "component linkage" flag */
        binary_string[bp++] = '1';
    } else {
        binary_string[bp++] = '0';
    }

    if ((symbol->symbology == BARCODE_DBAR_EXPSTK) || (symbol->symbology == BARCODE_DBAR_EXPSTK_CC)) {
        cols_per_row = 2; /* Default */
        if (symbol->option_2 >= 1 && symbol->option_2 <= 11) {
            cols_per_row = symbol->option_2;
            if (cc_rows && (cols_per_row == 1)) {
                /* "There shall be a minimum of four symbol characters in the
                   first row of an RSS Expanded Stacked symbol when it is the linear
                   component of an EAN.UCC Composite symbol." */
                cols_per_row = 2;
            }
        }
    }

    error_number = rssexp_binary_string(symbol, reduced, binary_string, cols_per_row, &bp);
    if (error_number != 0) {
        return error_number;
    }

    data_chars = bp / 12;

    for (i = 0; i < data_chars; i++) {
        k = i * 12;
        vs = 0;
        for (j = 0; j < 12; j++) {
            if (binary_string[k + j] == '1') {
                vs |= (0x800 >> j);
            }
        }

        if (vs <= 347) {
            group = 1;
        } else if (vs <= 1387) {
            group = 2;
        } else if (vs <= 2947) {
            group = 3;
        } else if (vs <= 3987) {
            group = 4;
        } else {
            group = 5;
        }
        v_odd = (vs - g_sum_exp[group - 1]) / t_even_exp[group - 1];
        v_even = (vs - g_sum_exp[group - 1]) % t_even_exp[group - 1];

        getRSSwidths(widths, v_odd, modules_odd_exp[group - 1], 4, widest_odd_exp[group - 1], 0);
        char_widths[i][0] = widths[0];
        char_widths[i][2] = widths[1];
        char_widths[i][4] = widths[2];
        char_widths[i][6] = widths[3];
        getRSSwidths(widths, v_even, modules_even_exp[group - 1], 4, widest_even_exp[group - 1], 1);
        char_widths[i][1] = widths[0];
        char_widths[i][3] = widths[1];
        char_widths[i][5] = widths[2];
        char_widths[i][7] = widths[3];
    }

    /* 7.2.6 Check character */
    /* The checksum value is equal to the mod 211 residue of the weighted sum of the widths of the
       elements in the data characters. */
    checksum = 0;
    for (i = 0; i < data_chars; i++) {
        int row = weight_rows[(((data_chars - 2) / 2) * 21) + i];
        for (j = 0; j < 8; j++) {
            checksum += (char_widths[i][j] * checksum_weight_exp[(row * 8) + j]);

        }
    }

    check_char = (211 * ((data_chars + 1) - 4)) + (checksum % 211);

    if (symbol->debug & ZINT_DEBUG_PRINT) {
        printf("Data chars: %d, Check char: %d\n", data_chars, check_char);
    }

    if (check_char <= 347) {
        c_group = 1;
    } else if (check_char <= 1387) {
        c_group = 2;
    } else if (check_char <= 2947) {
        c_group = 3;
    } else if (check_char <= 3987) {
        c_group = 4;
    } else {
        c_group = 5;
    }

    c_odd = (check_char - g_sum_exp[c_group - 1]) / t_even_exp[c_group - 1];
    c_even = (check_char - g_sum_exp[c_group - 1]) % t_even_exp[c_group - 1];

    getRSSwidths(widths, c_odd, modules_odd_exp[c_group - 1], 4, widest_odd_exp[c_group - 1], 0);
    check_widths[0] = widths[0];
    check_widths[2] = widths[1];
    check_widths[4] = widths[2];
    check_widths[6] = widths[3];
    getRSSwidths(widths, c_even, modules_even_exp[c_group - 1], 4, widest_even_exp[c_group - 1], 1);
    check_widths[1] = widths[0];
    check_widths[3] = widths[1];
    check_widths[5] = widths[2];
    check_widths[7] = widths[3];

    /* Initialise element array */
    codeblocks = (data_chars + 1) / 2 + ((data_chars + 1) & 1);
    pattern_width = (codeblocks * 5) + ((data_chars + 1) * 8) + 4;
    memset(elements, 0, sizeof(int) * pattern_width);

    /* Put finder patterns in element array */
    p = (((((data_chars + 1) - 2) / 2) + ((data_chars + 1) & 1)) - 1) * 11;
    for (i = 0; i < codeblocks; i++) {
        k = p + i;
        for (j = 0; j < 5; j++) {
            elements[(21 * i) + j + 10] = finder_pattern_exp[((finder_sequence[k] - 1) * 5) + j];
        }
    }

    /* Put check character in element array */
    for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
        elements[i + 2] = check_widths[i];
    }

    /* Put forward reading data characters in element array */
    for (i = 1; i < data_chars; i += 2) {
        k = (((i - 1) / 2) * 21) + 23;
        for (j = 0; j < 8; j++) {
            elements[k + j] = char_widths[i][j];
        }
    }

    /* Put reversed data characters in element array */
    for (i = 0; i < data_chars; i += 2) {
        k = ((i / 2) * 21) + 15;
        for (j = 0; j < 8; j++) {
            elements[k + j] = char_widths[i][7 - j];
        }
    }

    if ((symbol->symbology == BARCODE_DBAR_EXP) || (symbol->symbology == BARCODE_DBAR_EXP_CC)) {
        /* Copy elements into symbol */

        elements[0] = 1; // left guard
        elements[1] = 1;

        elements[pattern_width - 2] = 1; // right guard
        elements[pattern_width - 1] = 1;

        writer = 0;
        latch = 0;
        for (i = 0; i < pattern_width; i++) {
            writer = rss_expand(symbol, writer, &latch, elements[i]);
        }
        if (symbol->width < writer) {
            symbol->width = writer;
        }
        symbol->rows = symbol->rows + 1;

        /* Add human readable text */
        for (i = 0; i <= src_len; i++) {
            if (source[i] == '[') {
                symbol->text[i] = '(';
            } else if (source[i] == ']') {
                symbol->text[i] = ')';
            } else {
                symbol->text[i] = source[i];
            }
        }

    } else {
        int current_row, current_block, left_to_right;
        int v2_latch = 0;
        /* RSS Expanded Stacked */

        /* Bug corrected: Character missing for message
         * [01]90614141999996[10]1234222222222221
         * Patch by Daniel Frede
         */

        stack_rows = codeblocks / cols_per_row;
        if (codeblocks % cols_per_row > 0) {
            stack_rows++;
        }

        current_block = 0;
        for (current_row = 1; current_row <= stack_rows; current_row++) {
            int special_case_row = 0;
            int elements_in_sub;
            int sub_elements[235] = {0};
            int num_columns;

            /* Number of columns in current row */
            if (current_row * cols_per_row > codeblocks) {
                num_columns = codeblocks - current_block;
            } else {
                num_columns = cols_per_row;
            }

            /* Row Start */
            sub_elements[0] = 1; // left guard
            sub_elements[1] = 1;
            elements_in_sub = 2;

            /* If last row and is partial and even-numbered, and have even columns (segment pairs),
             * and odd number of finders (== odd number of columns) */
            if ((current_row == stack_rows) && (num_columns != cols_per_row) && !(current_row & 1)
                    && !(cols_per_row & 1) && (num_columns & 1)) {
                /* Special case bottom row */
                special_case_row = 1;
                sub_elements[0] = 2; /* Extra space (latch set below) */
            }

            /* If odd number of columns or current row odd-numbered or special case last row then left-to-right,
             * else right-to-left */
            if ((cols_per_row & 1) || (current_row & 1) || special_case_row) {
                left_to_right = 1;
            } else {
                left_to_right = 0;
            }

            if (symbol->debug & ZINT_DEBUG_PRINT) {
                if (current_row == stack_rows) {
                    printf("Last row: number of columns: %d / %d, left to right: %d, special case: %d\n",
                        num_columns, cols_per_row, left_to_right, special_case_row);
                }
            }

            /* Row Data */
            reader = 0;
            do {
                i = 2 + (current_block * 21);
                for (j = 0; j < 21; j++) {
                    if ((i + j) < pattern_width) {
                        if (left_to_right) {
                            sub_elements[j + (reader * 21) + 2] = elements[i + j];
                        } else {
                            sub_elements[(20 - j) + (num_columns - 1 - reader) * 21 + 2] = elements[i + j];
                        }
                    }
                    elements_in_sub++;
                }
                reader++;
                current_block++;
            } while ((reader < cols_per_row) && (current_block < codeblocks));

            /* Row Stop */
            sub_elements[elements_in_sub] = 1; // right guard
            sub_elements[elements_in_sub + 1] = 1;
            elements_in_sub += 2;

            latch = (current_row & 1) || special_case_row ? 0 : 1;

            writer = 0;
            for (i = 0; i < elements_in_sub; i++) {
                writer = rss_expand(symbol, writer, &latch, sub_elements[i]);
            }
            if (symbol->width < writer) {
                symbol->width = writer;
            }

            if (current_row != 1) {
                int odd_last_row = (current_row == stack_rows) && (data_chars % 2 == 0);

                /* middle separator pattern (above current row) */
                for (j = 5; j < (49 * cols_per_row); j += 2) {
                    set_module(symbol, symbol->rows - 2, j);
                }
                symbol->row_height[symbol->rows - 2] = 1;

                /* bottom separator pattern (above current row) */
                rssexp_separator(symbol, writer, reader, symbol->rows - 1, 1 /*above*/, special_case_row,
                    left_to_right, odd_last_row, &v2_latch);
                symbol->row_height[symbol->rows - 1] = 1;
            }

            if (current_row != stack_rows) {
                /* top separator pattern (below current row) */
                rssexp_separator(symbol, writer, reader, symbol->rows + 1, -1 /*below*/, 0 /*special_case_row*/,
                    left_to_right, 0 /*odd_last_row*/, &v2_latch);
                symbol->row_height[symbol->rows + 1] = 1;
            }

            symbol->rows = symbol->rows + 4;
        }
        symbol->rows = symbol->rows - 3;
    }

    if (symbol->symbology == BARCODE_DBAR_EXP_CC || symbol->symbology == BARCODE_DBAR_EXPSTK_CC) {
        /* Composite separator */
        rssexp_separator(symbol, symbol->width, 4, separator_row, 1 /*above*/, 0 /*special_case_row*/,
            1 /*left_to_right*/, 0 /*odd_last_row*/, NULL);
    }

    /* DataBar Expanded ISO/IEC 24724:2011 7.2.1 and DataBar Expanded Stacked ISO/IEC 24724:2011 7.2.8
       34X min per row */
    if (symbol->symbology == BARCODE_DBAR_EXP_CC || symbol->symbology == BARCODE_DBAR_EXPSTK_CC) {
        symbol->height = symbol->height ? 34.0f : 34.0f * stack_rows; /* Pass back min row or default height */
    } else {
#ifdef COMPLIANT_HEIGHTS
        if (warn_number) {
            (void) set_height(symbol, 34.0f, 34.0f * stack_rows, 0.0f, 0 /*no_errtxt*/);
        } else {
            warn_number = set_height(symbol, 34.0f, 34.0f * stack_rows, 0.0f, 0 /*no_errtxt*/);
        }
#else
        (void) set_height(symbol, 0.0f, 34.0f * stack_rows, 0.0f, 1 /*no_errtxt*/);
#endif
    }

    return error_number ? error_number : warn_number;
}

/* GS1 DataBar Expanded */
INTERNAL int rssexpanded(struct zint_symbol *symbol, unsigned char source[], int src_len) {
    return rssexpanded_cc(symbol, source, src_len, 0 /*cc_rows*/);
}