diff --git a/bench/src/bench.rs b/bench/src/bench.rs
index d4e297bf3..832d538f2 100644
--- a/bench/src/bench.rs
+++ b/bench/src/bench.rs
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ use typst::typeset;
 
 const FONT_DIR: &str = "../fonts";
 const TYP_DIR: &str = "../tests/typ";
-const CASES: &[&str] = &["full/coma.typ", "text/basic.typ"];
+const CASES: &[&str] = &["coma.typ", "text/basic.typ"];
 
 fn benchmarks(c: &mut Criterion) {
     let mut loader = FsLoader::new();
diff --git a/src/exec/context.rs b/src/exec/context.rs
index e03a7c677..3994fdb97 100644
--- a/src/exec/context.rs
+++ b/src/exec/context.rs
@@ -74,17 +74,6 @@ impl ExecContext {
         mem::replace(&mut self.stack, stack).build()
     }
 
-    /// Push any node into the active paragraph.
-    pub fn push(&mut self, node: impl Into<AnyNode>) {
-        let align = self.state.aligns.cross;
-        self.stack.par.push(ParChild::Any(node.into(), align));
-    }
-
-    /// Push a word space into the active paragraph.
-    pub fn push_word_space(&mut self) {
-        self.stack.par.push_soft(self.make_text_node(" "));
-    }
-
     /// Push text into the active paragraph.
     ///
     /// The text is split into lines at newlines.
@@ -92,11 +81,30 @@ impl ExecContext {
         self.stack.par.push(self.make_text_node(text));
     }
 
-    /// Push spacing into paragraph or stack depending on `axis`.
+    /// Push a word space into the active paragraph.
+    pub fn push_word_space(&mut self) {
+        self.stack.par.push_soft(self.make_text_node(" "));
+    }
+
+    /// Push any node into the active paragraph.
+    pub fn push_into_par(&mut self, node: impl Into<AnyNode>) {
+        let align = self.state.aligns.cross;
+        self.stack.par.push(ParChild::Any(node.into(), align));
+    }
+
+    /// Push any node into the active stack.
+    pub fn push_into_stack(&mut self, node: impl Into<AnyNode>) {
+        self.parbreak();
+        let aligns = self.state.aligns;
+        self.stack.push(StackChild::Any(node.into(), aligns));
+        self.parbreak();
+    }
+
+    /// Push spacing into the active paragraph or stack depending on the `axis`.
     pub fn push_spacing(&mut self, axis: GenAxis, amount: Length) {
         match axis {
             GenAxis::Main => {
-                self.stack.parbreak(&self.state);
+                self.stack.finish_par(&self.state);
                 self.stack.push_hard(StackChild::Spacing(amount));
             }
             GenAxis::Cross => {
@@ -113,18 +121,18 @@ impl ExecContext {
     /// Apply a forced paragraph break.
     pub fn parbreak(&mut self) {
         let amount = self.state.par.spacing.resolve(self.state.font.size);
-        self.stack.parbreak(&self.state);
+        self.stack.finish_par(&self.state);
         self.stack.push_soft(StackChild::Spacing(amount));
     }
 
     /// Apply a forced page break.
-    pub fn pagebreak(&mut self, keep: bool, hard: bool, source: Span) {
+    pub fn pagebreak(&mut self, keep: bool, hard: bool, span: Span) {
         if let Some(builder) = &mut self.page {
             let page = mem::replace(builder, PageBuilder::new(&self.state, hard));
             let stack = mem::replace(&mut self.stack, StackBuilder::new(&self.state));
             self.tree.runs.extend(page.build(stack.build(), keep));
         } else {
-            self.diag(error!(source, "cannot modify page from here"));
+            self.diag(error!(span, "cannot modify page from here"));
         }
     }
 
@@ -185,6 +193,11 @@ impl StackBuilder {
         }
     }
 
+    fn push(&mut self, child: StackChild) {
+        self.children.extend(self.last.any());
+        self.children.push(child);
+    }
+
     fn push_soft(&mut self, child: StackChild) {
         self.last.soft(child);
     }
@@ -194,11 +207,10 @@ impl StackBuilder {
         self.children.push(child);
     }
 
-    fn parbreak(&mut self, state: &State) {
+    fn finish_par(&mut self, state: &State) {
         let par = mem::replace(&mut self.par, ParBuilder::new(state));
         if let Some(par) = par.build() {
-            self.children.extend(self.last.any());
-            self.children.push(par);
+            self.push(par);
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/src/exec/mod.rs b/src/exec/mod.rs
index 8b088f85a..fea6de337 100644
--- a/src/exec/mod.rs
+++ b/src/exec/mod.rs
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ use std::rc::Rc;
 use crate::diag::Pass;
 use crate::eval::{ExprMap, TemplateFunc, TemplateNode, TemplateValue, Value};
 use crate::geom::{Dir, Gen};
-use crate::layout::{self, FixedNode, StackChild, StackNode};
+use crate::layout::{self, StackChild, StackNode};
 use crate::pretty::pretty;
 use crate::syntax;
 
@@ -127,12 +127,7 @@ fn exec_item(ctx: &mut ExecContext, label: String, body: &syntax::Tree, map: &Ex
         ],
     };
 
-    ctx.push(FixedNode {
-        width: None,
-        height: None,
-        child: stack.into(),
-    });
-
+    ctx.push_into_stack(stack);
     ctx.parbreak();
 }
 
diff --git a/src/layout/fixed.rs b/src/layout/fixed.rs
index 7c28e8e5c..233c27f36 100644
--- a/src/layout/fixed.rs
+++ b/src/layout/fixed.rs
@@ -19,8 +19,8 @@ impl Layout for FixedNode {
             self.height.map_or(current.height, |h| h.resolve(base.height)),
         );
 
-        let fixed = Spec::new(self.width.is_some(), self.height.is_some());
-        let regions = Regions::one(size, fixed);
+        let expand = Spec::new(self.width.is_some(), self.height.is_some());
+        let regions = Regions::one(size, expand);
         self.child.layout(ctx, &regions)
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/layout/mod.rs b/src/layout/mod.rs
index 9d8549e67..4153fc3cd 100644
--- a/src/layout/mod.rs
+++ b/src/layout/mod.rs
@@ -64,8 +64,8 @@ impl PageRun {
         // When one of the lengths is infinite the page fits its content along
         // that axis.
         let Size { width, height } = self.size;
-        let fixed = Spec::new(width.is_finite(), height.is_finite());
-        let regions = Regions::repeat(self.size, fixed);
+        let expand = Spec::new(width.is_finite(), height.is_finite());
+        let regions = Regions::repeat(self.size, expand);
         self.child.layout(ctx, &regions)
     }
 }
@@ -214,34 +214,34 @@ pub struct Regions {
     pub backlog: Vec<Size>,
     /// The final region that is repeated once the backlog is drained.
     pub last: Option<Size>,
-    /// Whether layouting into these regions should produce frames of the exact
-    /// size of `current` instead of shrinking to fit the content.
+    /// Whether nodes should expand to fill the regions instead of shrinking to
+    /// fit the content.
     ///
     /// This property is only handled by nodes that have the ability to control
     /// their own size.
-    pub fixed: Spec<bool>,
+    pub expand: Spec<bool>,
 }
 
 impl Regions {
     /// Create a new region sequence with exactly one region.
-    pub fn one(size: Size, fixed: Spec<bool>) -> Self {
+    pub fn one(size: Size, expand: Spec<bool>) -> Self {
         Self {
             current: size,
             base: size,
             backlog: vec![],
             last: None,
-            fixed,
+            expand,
         }
     }
 
     /// Create a new sequence of same-size regions that repeats indefinitely.
-    pub fn repeat(size: Size, fixed: Spec<bool>) -> Self {
+    pub fn repeat(size: Size, expand: Spec<bool>) -> Self {
         Self {
             current: size,
             base: size,
             backlog: vec![],
             last: Some(size),
-            fixed,
+            expand,
         }
     }
 
@@ -255,7 +255,7 @@ impl Regions {
             base: f(self.base),
             backlog: self.backlog.iter().copied().map(|s| f(s)).collect(),
             last: self.last.map(f),
-            fixed: self.fixed,
+            expand: self.expand,
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/src/layout/par.rs b/src/layout/par.rs
index d51bad3eb..241854581 100644
--- a/src/layout/par.rs
+++ b/src/layout/par.rs
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ impl Debug for ParChild {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
         match self {
             Self::Spacing(amount) => write!(f, "Spacing({:?})", amount),
-            Self::Text(text, _, align) => write!(f, "Text({:?}, {:?})", text, align),
+            Self::Text(text, align, _) => write!(f, "Text({:?}, {:?})", text, align),
             Self::Any(any, align) => {
                 f.debug_tuple("Any").field(any).field(align).finish()
             }
@@ -304,7 +304,7 @@ impl<'a> LineStack<'a> {
     }
 
     fn finish_region(&mut self, ctx: &LayoutContext) {
-        if self.regions.fixed.horizontal {
+        if self.regions.expand.horizontal {
             self.size.width = self.regions.current.width;
         }
 
diff --git a/src/layout/stack.rs b/src/layout/stack.rs
index e4c0708d5..7049f60cc 100644
--- a/src/layout/stack.rs
+++ b/src/layout/stack.rs
@@ -44,6 +44,8 @@ struct StackLayouter<'a> {
     stack: &'a StackNode,
     /// The axis of the main direction.
     main: SpecAxis,
+    /// Whether the stack should expand to fill the region.
+    expand: Spec<bool>,
     /// The region to layout into.
     regions: Regions,
     /// Offset, alignment and frame for all children that fit into the current
@@ -62,19 +64,27 @@ struct StackLayouter<'a> {
 
 impl<'a> StackLayouter<'a> {
     fn new(stack: &'a StackNode, mut regions: Regions) -> Self {
+        let main = stack.dirs.main.axis();
+        let full = regions.current;
+        let expand = regions.expand;
+
+        // Disable expansion on the main axis for children.
+        *regions.expand.get_mut(main) = false;
+
         if let Some(aspect) = stack.aspect {
             regions.apply_aspect_ratio(aspect);
         }
 
         Self {
             stack,
-            main: stack.dirs.main.axis(),
+            main,
+            expand,
+            regions,
             finished: vec![],
             frames: vec![],
-            full: regions.current,
+            full,
             used: Gen::zero(),
             ruler: Align::Start,
-            regions,
         }
     }
 
@@ -138,13 +148,13 @@ impl<'a> StackLayouter<'a> {
 
     fn finish_region(&mut self) {
         let used = self.used.to_size(self.main);
-        let fixed = self.regions.fixed;
+        let expand = self.expand;
 
         // Determine the stack's size dependening on whether the region is
         // fixed.
         let mut stack_size = Size::new(
-            if fixed.horizontal { self.full.width } else { used.width },
-            if fixed.vertical { self.full.height } else { used.height },
+            if expand.horizontal { self.full.width } else { used.width },
+            if expand.vertical { self.full.height } else { used.height },
         );
 
         // Make sure the stack's size satisfies the aspect ratio.
diff --git a/src/library/grid.rs b/src/library/grid.rs
index cfe46bf46..79070e796 100644
--- a/src/library/grid.rs
+++ b/src/library/grid.rs
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ pub fn grid(ctx: &mut EvalContext, args: &mut FuncArgs) -> Value {
             .map(|child| ctx.exec_template_stack(child).into())
             .collect();
 
-        ctx.push(GridNode {
+        ctx.push_into_stack(GridNode {
             column_dir: column_dir.unwrap_or(ctx.state.lang.dir),
             children,
             tracks: Gen::new(columns.clone(), rows.clone()),
diff --git a/src/library/image.rs b/src/library/image.rs
index 7fabfe357..e926b9557 100644
--- a/src/library/image.rs
+++ b/src/library/image.rs
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ pub fn image(ctx: &mut EvalContext, args: &mut FuncArgs) -> Value {
 
     Value::template("image", move |ctx| {
         if let Some(node) = node {
-            ctx.push(node);
+            ctx.push_into_par(node);
         }
     })
 }
diff --git a/src/library/pad.rs b/src/library/pad.rs
index 6b944c9c8..5fa565674 100644
--- a/src/library/pad.rs
+++ b/src/library/pad.rs
@@ -32,6 +32,6 @@ pub fn pad(ctx: &mut EvalContext, args: &mut FuncArgs) -> Value {
 
     Value::template("pad", move |ctx| {
         let child = ctx.exec_template_stack(&body).into();
-        ctx.push(PadNode { padding, child });
+        ctx.push_into_stack(PadNode { padding, child });
     })
 }
diff --git a/src/library/shapes.rs b/src/library/shapes.rs
index 287b1c107..3c6f801d1 100644
--- a/src/library/shapes.rs
+++ b/src/library/shapes.rs
@@ -67,13 +67,13 @@ fn rect_impl(
         let fixed = FixedNode { width, height, child: stack.into() };
 
         if let Some(color) = fill {
-            ctx.push(BackgroundNode {
+            ctx.push_into_par(BackgroundNode {
                 shape: BackgroundShape::Rect,
                 fill: Fill::Color(color),
                 child: fixed.into(),
             });
         } else {
-            ctx.push(fixed);
+            ctx.push_into_par(fixed);
         }
     })
 }
@@ -151,13 +151,13 @@ fn ellipse_impl(
         };
 
         if let Some(color) = fill {
-            ctx.push(BackgroundNode {
+            ctx.push_into_par(BackgroundNode {
                 shape: BackgroundShape::Ellipse,
                 fill: Fill::Color(color),
                 child: fixed.into(),
             });
         } else {
-            ctx.push(fixed);
+            ctx.push_into_par(fixed);
         }
     })
 }
diff --git a/src/library/stack.rs b/src/library/stack.rs
index 03bdc6a1d..672cfbeff 100644
--- a/src/library/stack.rs
+++ b/src/library/stack.rs
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ pub fn stack(ctx: &mut EvalContext, args: &mut FuncArgs) -> Value {
             })
             .collect();
 
-        ctx.push(StackNode {
+        ctx.push_into_stack(StackNode {
             dirs: Gen::new(ctx.state.lang.dir, dir),
             aspect: None,
             children,
diff --git a/tests/ref/layout/fixed.png b/tests/ref/layout/fixed.png
index e07e15e8c..5ee9c4ff4 100644
Binary files a/tests/ref/layout/fixed.png and b/tests/ref/layout/fixed.png differ
diff --git a/tests/ref/layout/pad.png b/tests/ref/layout/pad.png
index 0bf0adde7..645c8db47 100644
Binary files a/tests/ref/layout/pad.png and b/tests/ref/layout/pad.png differ
diff --git a/tests/typ/layout/fixed.typ b/tests/typ/layout/fixed.typ
index bcb88fe1a..51646eaa4 100644
--- a/tests/typ/layout/fixed.typ
+++ b/tests/typ/layout/fixed.typ
@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
-// Test shrink-to-fit vs fixed.
+// Test shrink-to-fit vs expand.
 
 ---
 #let right(body) = align(right, body)
 #let pad(body) = pad(left: 10pt, right: 10pt, body)
 
-// Top-level paragraph fills page, boxed paragraph only when width is fixed.
+// Top-level paragraph fills page, boxed paragraph only when the width is set.
 L #right[R] \
 #rect(width: 50pt)[L #right[R]] \
 #rect[L #right[R]]
 
 // Pad inherits expansion behaviour.
-#pad[PL #right[PR]] \
 #rect(pad[PL #right[PR]])
+#pad[PL #right[PR]]
diff --git a/tests/typ/layout/pad.typ b/tests/typ/layout/pad.typ
index 3726ce53d..8c23549a8 100644
--- a/tests/typ/layout/pad.typ
+++ b/tests/typ/layout/pad.typ
@@ -5,9 +5,19 @@
 #pad(left: 10pt, [Indented!])
 
 // All sides together.
-#rect(fill: conifer,
-  pad(10pt, right: 20pt,
-  rect(width: 20pt, height: 20pt, fill: #eb5278)))
+#rect(fill: conifer)[
+  #pad(10pt, right: 20pt)[
+    #rect(width: 20pt, height: 20pt, fill: #eb5278)
+  ]
+]
 
 // Error: 14-24 missing argument: body
 Hi #rect(pad(left: 10pt)) there
+
+---
+// Test that the pad node doesn't consume the whole region.
+
+#page(width: 4cm, height: 5cm)
+#align(left)[Before]
+#pad(10pt, image("../../res/tiger.jpg"))
+#align(right)[After]