awx/docs/credentials/credential_plugins.md

Credential Plugins
==================

By default, sensitive credential values (such as SSH passwords, SSH private
keys, API tokens for cloud services, etc.) in AWX are stored in the AWX database
after being encrypted with a symmetric encryption cipher utilizing AES-256 in
CBC mode alongside a SHA-256 HMAC.

Alternatively, AWX supports retrieving secret values from third-party secret
management systems, such as HashiCorp Vault and Microsoft Azure Key Vault.
These external secret values will be fetched on demand every time they are
needed (generally speaking, immediately before running a playbook that needs
them).

Configuring Secret Lookups
--------------------------

When configuring AWX to pull a secret from a third party system, there are
generally three steps.

Here is an example of creating an (1) AWX Machine Credential with
a static username, `example-user` and (2) an externally-sourced secret from
HashiCorp Vault Key/Value system which will populate the (3) password field on
the Machine Credential:

1.  Create the Machine Credential with a static username, `example-user`.

2.  Create a second credential used to _authenticate_ with the external
    secret management system (in this example, specifying a URL and an
    OAuth2.0 token _to access_ HashiCorp Vault)

3.  _Link_ the `password` field for the Machine Credential to the external
    system by specifying the source (in this example, the HashiCorp Credential)
    and metadata about the path (e.g., `/some/path/to/my/password/`).

Note that you can perform these lookups on *any* field for any non-external
credential, including those with custom credential types. You could just as
easily create an AWS Credential and use lookups to retrieve the Access Key and
Secret Key from an external secret management system. External credentials
cannot have lookups applied to their fields.

Writing Custom Credential Plugins
---------------------------------

Credential Plugins in AWX are just importable Python functions that are
registered using setuptools entrypoints
(https://setuptools.readthedocs.io/en/latest/setuptools.html#dynamic-discovery-of-services-and-plugins)

Example plugins officially supported in AWX can be found in the source code at
`awx.main.credential_plugins`.

Credential plugins are any Python object which defines attribute lookups for `.name`, `.inputs`, and `.backend`:

```python
import collections

CredentialPlugin = collections.namedtuple('CredentialPlugin', ['name', 'inputs', 'backend'])

def some_callable(value_from_awx, **kwargs):
    return some_libary.get_secret_key(
        url=kwargs['url'],
        token=kwargs['token'],
        key=kwargs['secret_key']
    )

some_fancy_plugin = CredentialPlugin(
    'My Plugin Name',
    # inputs will be used to create a new CredentialType() instance
    #
    # inputs.fields represents fields the user will specify *when they create*
    # a credential of this type; they generally represent fields
    # used for authentication (URL to the credential management system, any
    # fields necessary for authentication, such as an OAuth2.0 token, or
    # a username and password). They're the types of values you set up _once_
    # in AWX
    #
    # inputs.metadata represents values the user will specify *every time
    # they link two credentials together*
    # this is generally _pathing_ information about _where_ in the external
    # management system you can find the value you care about i.e.,
    #
    # "I would like Machine Credential A to retrieve its username using
    # Credential-O-Matic B at secret_key=some_key"
    inputs={
        'fields': [{
            'id': 'url',
            'label': 'Server URL',
            'type': 'string',
        }, {
            'id': 'token',
            'label': 'Authentication Token',
            'type': 'string',
            'secret': True,
        }],
        'metadata': [{
            'id': 'secret_key',
            'label': 'Secret Key',
            'type': 'string',
            'help_text': 'The value of the key in My Credential System to fetch.'
        }],
        'required': ['url', 'token', 'secret_key'],
    },
    # backend is a callable function which will be passed all of the values
    # defined in `inputs`; this function is responsible for taking the arguments,
    # interacting with the third party credential management system in question
    # using Python code, and returning the value from the third party
    # credential management system
    backend = some_callable
```

Plugins are registered by specifying an entry point in the `setuptools.setup()`
call (generally in the package's `setup.py` file - https://github.com/ansible/awx/blob/devel/setup.py):

```python
setuptools.setup(
    ...,
    entry_points = {
        ...,
        'awx.credential_plugins': [
            'fancy_plugin = awx.main.credential_plugins.fancy:some_fancy_plugin',
        ]
    }
)
```

Programmatic Secret Fetching
----------------------------
If you want to programmatically fetch secrets from a supported external secret
management system (for example, if you wanted to compose an AWX database connection
string in `/etc/tower/conf.d/postgres.py` using an external system rather than
storing the password in plaintext on your disk), doing so is fairly easy:

```python
from awx.main.credential_plugins import hashivault
hashivault.hashivault_kv_plugin.backend(
    url='https://hcv.example.org',
    token='some-valid-token',
    api_version='v2',
    secret_path='/path/to/secret',
    secret_key='dbpass'
)
```

Supported Plugins
=================

HashiCorp Vault KV
------------------

AWX supports retrieving secret values from HashiCorp Vault KV
(https://www.vaultproject.io/api/secret/kv/)

The following example illustrates how to configure a Machine Credential to pull
its password from a HashiCorp Vault:

1.  Look up the ID of the Machine and HashiCorp Vault Secret Lookup Credential
    types (in this example, `1` and `15`):

```shell
~ curl -sik "https://awx.example.org/api/v2/credential_types/?name=Machine" \
    -H "Authorization: Bearer <token>"
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
{
    "results": [
        {
            "id": 1,
            "url": "/api/v2/credential_types/1/",
            "name": "Machine",
            ...
```

```shell
~ curl -sik "https://awx.example.org/api/v2/credential_types/?name__startswith=HashiCorp" \
    -H "Authorization: Bearer <token>"
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
{
    "results": [
        {
            "id": 15,
            "url": "/api/v2/credential_types/15/",
            "name": "HashiCorp Vault Secret Lookup",
            ...
```

2.  Create a Machine and a HashiCorp Vault Credential:

```shell
~ curl -sik "https://awx.example.org/api/v2/credentials/" \
    -H "Authorization: Bearer <token>" \
    -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
    -X POST \
    -d '{"user": N, "credential_type": 1, "name": "My SSH", "inputs": {"username": "example"}}'

HTTP/1.1 201 Created
{
    "credential_type": 1,
    "description": "",
    "id": 1,
    ...
```

```shell
~ curl -sik "https://awx.example.org/api/v2/credentials/" \
    -H "Authorization: Bearer <token>" \
    -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
    -X POST \
    -d '{"user": N, "credential_type": 15, "name": "My Hashi Credential", "inputs": {"url": "https://vault.example.org", "token": "vault-token", "api_version": "v2"}}'

HTTP/1.1 201 Created
{
    "credential_type": 15,
    "description": "",
    "id": 2,
    ...
```

3.  Link the Machine Credential to the HashiCorp Vault Credential:

```shell
~ curl -sik "https://awx.example.org/api/v2/credentials/1/input_sources/" \
    -H "Authorization: Bearer <token>" \
    -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
    -X POST \
    -d '{"source_credential": 2, "input_field_name": "password", "metadata": {"secret_path": "/kv/my-secret", "secret_key": "password"}}'
HTTP/1.1 201 Created
```


HashiCorp Vault SSH Secrets Engine
----------------------------------

AWX supports signing public keys via HashiCorp Vault's SSH Secrets Engine
(https://www.vaultproject.io/api/secret/ssh/)

The following example illustrates how to configure a Machine Credential to sign
a public key using HashiCorp Vault:

1.  Look up the ID of the Machine and HashiCorp Vault Signed SSH Credential
    types (in this example, `1` and `16`):

```shell
~ curl -sik "https://awx.example.org/api/v2/credential_types/?name=Machine" \
    -H "Authorization: Bearer <token>"
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
{
    "results": [
        {
            "id": 1,
            "url": "/api/v2/credential_types/1/",
            "name": "Machine",
            ...
```

```shell
~ curl -sik "https://awx.example.org/api/v2/credential_types/?name__startswith=HashiCorp" \
    -H "Authorization: Bearer <token>"
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
{
    "results": [
        {
            "id": 16,
            "url": "/api/v2/credential_types/16/",
            "name": "HashiCorp Vault Signed SSH",
```

2.  Create a Machine and a HashiCorp Vault Credential:

```shell
~ curl -sik "https://awx.example.org/api/v2/credentials/" \
    -H "Authorization: Bearer <token>" \
    -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
    -X POST \
    -d '{"user": N, "credential_type": 1, "name": "My SSH", "inputs": {"username": "example", "ssh_key_data": "RSA KEY DATA"}}'

HTTP/1.1 201 Created
{
    "credential_type": 1,
    "description": "",
    "id": 1,
    ...
```

```shell
~ curl -sik "https://awx.example.org/api/v2/credentials/" \
    -H "Authorization: Bearer <token>" \
    -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
    -X POST \
    -d '{"user": N, "credential_type": 16, "name": "My Hashi Credential", "inputs": {"url": "https://vault.example.org", "token": "vault-token"}}'

HTTP/1.1 201 Created
{
    "credential_type": 16,
    "description": "",
    "id": 2,
    ...
```

3.  Link the Machine Credential to the HashiCorp Vault Credential:

```shell
~ curl -sik "https://awx.example.org/api/v2/credentials/1/input_sources/" \
    -H "Authorization: Bearer <token>" \
    -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
    -X POST \
    -d '{"source_credential": 2, "input_field_name": "password", "metadata": {"public_key": "UNSIGNED PUBLIC KEY", "secret_path": "/ssh/", "role": "example-role"}}'
HTTP/1.1 201 Created
```

4. Associate the Machine Credential with a Job Template.  When the Job Template
   is run, AWX will use the provided HashiCorp URL and token to sign the
   unsigned public key data using the HashiCorp Vault SSH Secrets API.
   AWX will generate an `id_rsa` and `id_rsa-cert.pub` on the fly and
   apply them using `ssh-add`.