mirror of
https://gitlab.com/libvirt/libvirt.git
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4acab37f56
Extend tests to cover all SCSI controller types and document the new type. The lsisas1068 SCSI controller type was added in ESX 4.0. The VMX parser reports an error when this controller type is present. This makes virsh dumpxml fail for every domain that uses this controller type. This patch fixes this and adds lsisas1068 to the list of accepted SCSI controller types. Reported by Jonathan Kelley.
609 lines
21 KiB
HTML
609 lines
21 KiB
HTML
<html><body>
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<h1>VMware ESX hypervisor driver</h1>
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<ul id="toc"></ul>
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<p>
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The libvirt VMware ESX driver can manage VMware ESX/ESXi 3.5/4.0 and
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VMware GSX 2.0, also called VMware Server 2.0, and possibly later
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versions.
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</p>
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<h2><a name="prereq">Deployment pre-requisites</a></h2>
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<p>
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None. Any out-of-the-box installation of ESX/GSX should work. No
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preparations are required on the server side, no libvirtd must be
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installed on the ESX server. The driver uses version 2.5 of the remote,
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SOAP based
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<a href="http://www.vmware.com/support/developer/vc-sdk/visdk25pubs/ReferenceGuide/">
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VMware Virtual Infrastructure API</a> (VI API) to communicate with the
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ESX server, like the VMware Virtual Infrastructure Client (VI client)
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does. Since version 4.0 this API is called
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<a href="http://www.vmware.com/support/developer/vc-sdk/visdk400pubs/ReferenceGuide/">
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VMware vSphere API</a>.
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</p>
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<h2><a name="uri">Connections to the VMware ESX driver</a></h2>
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<p>
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Some example remote connection URIs for the driver are:
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</p>
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<pre>
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esx://example.com (ESX over HTTPS)
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gsx://example.com (GSX over HTTPS)
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esx://example.com/?transport=http (ESX over HTTP)
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esx://example.com/?no_verify=1 (ESX over HTTPS, but doesn't verify the server's SSL certificate)
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</pre>
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<p>
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<strong>Note</strong>: In contrast to other drivers, the ESX driver is
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a client-side-only driver. It connects to the ESX server using HTTP(S).
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Therefore, the <a href="remote.html">remote transport mechanism</a>
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provided by the remote driver and libvirtd will not work, and you
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cannot use URIs like <code>esx+ssh://example.com</code>.
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</p>
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<h3><a name="uriformat">URI Format</a></h3>
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<p>
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URIs have this general form ('[...]' marks an optional part).
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</p>
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<pre>
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type://[username@]hostname[:port]/[?extraparameters]
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</pre>
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<p>
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The <code>type://</code> is either <code>esx://</code> or
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<code>gsx://</code> and the driver selects the default port depending
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on it. For ESX the default HTTPS port is 443, for GSX it is 8333. If
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the port parameter is given, it overrides the default port.
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</p>
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<h4>Extra parameters</h4>
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<p>
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Extra parameters can be added to a URI as part of the query string
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(the part following '?'). The driver understands the extra parameters
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shown below.
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</p>
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<table class="top_table">
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<tr>
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<th>Name</th>
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<th>Values</th>
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<th>Meaning</th>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>
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<code>transport</code>
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</td>
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<td>
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<code>http</code> or <code>https</code>
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</td>
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<td>
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Overrides the default HTTPS transport. For ESX the default
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HTTP port is 80, for GSX it is 8222.
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>
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<code>vcenter</code>
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</td>
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<td>
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Hostname of a VMware vCenter or <code>*</code>
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</td>
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<td>
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In order to perform a migration the driver needs to know the
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VMware vCenter for the ESX server. If set to <code>*</code>,
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the driver connects to the vCenter known to the ESX server.
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>
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<code>no_verify</code>
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</td>
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<td>
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<code>0</code> or <code>1</code>
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</td>
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<td>
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If set to 1, this disables libcurl client checks of the server's
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SSL certificate. The default value it 0.
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>
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<code>auto_answer</code>
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</td>
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<td>
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<code>0</code> or <code>1</code>
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</td>
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<td>
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If set to 1, the driver answers all
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<a href="#questions">questions</a> with the default answer.
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If set to 0, questions are reported as errors. The default
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value it 0.
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<h3><a name="auth">Authentication</a></h3>
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<p>
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In order to perform any useful operation the driver needs to log into
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the ESX server. Therefore, only <code>virConnectOpenAuth</code> can be
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used to connect to an ESX server, <code>virConnectOpen</code> and
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<code>virConnectOpenReadOnly</code> don't work.
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To log into an ESX server or vCenter the driver will request
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credentials using the callback passed to the
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<code>virConnectOpenAuth</code> function. The driver passes the
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hostname as challenge parameter to the callback. This enables the
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callback to distinguish between requests for ESX server and vCenter.
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</p>
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<p>
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<strong>Note</strong>: During the ongoing driver development, testing
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is done using an unrestricted <code>root</code> account. Problems may
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occur if you use a restricted account. Detailed testing with restricted
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accounts has not been done yet.
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</p>
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<h2><a name="questions">Questions blocking tasks</a></h2>
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<p>
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Some methods of the VI API start tasks, for example
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<code>PowerOnVM_Task()</code>. Such tasks may be blocked by questions
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if the ESX server detects an issue with the domain that requires user
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interaction. The ESX driver cannot prompt the user to answer a
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question, libvirt doesn't have an API for something like this.
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</p>
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<p>
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The VI API provides the <code>AnswerVM()</code> method to
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programmatically answer a questions. So the driver has two options
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how to handle such a situation: either answer the questions with the
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default answer or report the question as an error and cancel the
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blocked task if possible. The
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<a href="#uriformat"><code>auto_answer</code></a> query parameter
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controls the answering behavior.
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</p>
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<h2><a name="xmlspecial">Specialties in the domain XML config</a></h2>
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<p>
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There are several specialties in the domain XML config for ESX domains.
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</p>
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<h3><a name="restrictions">Restrictions</h3>
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<p>
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There are some restrictions for some values of the domain XML config.
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The driver will complain if this restrictions are violated.
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</p>
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<ul>
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<li>
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Memory size has to be a multiple of 4096
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</li>
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<li>
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Number of virtual CPU has to be 1 or a multiple of 2
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</li>
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<li>
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Valid MAC address prefixes are <code>00:0c:29</code> and
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<code>00:50:56</code>. <span class="since">Since 0.7.6</span>
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arbitrary <a href="#macaddresses">MAC addresses</a> are supported.
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</li>
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</ul>
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<h3><a name="datastore">Datastore references</h3>
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<p>
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Storage is managed in datastores. VMware uses a special path format to
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reference files in a datastore. Basically, the datastore name is put
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into squared braces in front of the path.
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</p>
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<pre>
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[datastore] directory/filename
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</pre>
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<p>
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To define a new domain the driver converts the domain XML into a
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VMware VMX file and uploads it to a datastore known to the ESX server.
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Because multiple datastores may be known to an ESX server the driver
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needs to decide to which datastores the VMX file should be uploaded.
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The driver deduces this information from the path of the source of the
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first file-based harddisk listed in the domain XML.
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</p>
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<h3><a name="macaddresses">MAC addresses</h3>
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<p>
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VMware has registered two MAC address prefixes for domains:
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<code>00:0c:29</code> and <code>00:50:56</code>. These prefixes are
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split into ranges for different purposes.
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</p>
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<table class="top_table">
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<tr>
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<th>Range</th>
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<th>Purpose</th>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>
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<code>00:0c:29:00:00:00</code> - <code>00:0c:29:ff:ff:ff</code>
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</td>
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<td>
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An ESX server autogenerates MAC addresses from this range if
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the VMX file doesn't contain a MAC address when trying to start
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a domain.
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>
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<code>00:50:56:00:00:00</code> - <code>00:50:56:3f:ff:ff</code>
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</td>
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<td>
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MAC addresses from this range can by manually assigned by the
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user in the VI client.
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>
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<code>00:50:56:80:00:00</code> - <code>00:50:56:bf:ff:ff</code>
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</td>
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<td>
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A VI client autogenerates MAC addresses from this range for
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newly defined domains.
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<p>
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The VMX files generated by the ESX driver always contain a MAC address,
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because libvirt generates a random one if an interface element in the
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domain XML file lacks a MAC address.
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<span class="since">Since 0.7.6</span> the ESX driver sets the prefix
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for generated MAC addresses to <code>00:0c:29</code>. Before 0.7.6
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the <code>00:50:56</code> prefix was used. Sometimes this resulted in
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the generation of out-of-range MAC address that were rejected by the
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ESX server.
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</p>
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<p>
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Also <span class="since">since 0.7.6</span> every MAC address outside
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this ranges can be used. For such MAC addresses the ESX server-side
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check is disabled in the VMX file to stop the ESX server from rejecting
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out-of-predefined-range MAC addresses.
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</p>
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<pre>
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ethernet0.checkMACAddress = "false"
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</pre>
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<h3><a name="hardware">Available hardware</h3>
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<p>
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VMware ESX supports different models of SCSI controllers and network
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cards.
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</p>
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<h4>SCSI controller models</h4>
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<dl>
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<dt><code>buslogic</code></dt>
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<dd>
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BusLogic SCSI controller for older guests.
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</dd>
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<dt><code>lsilogic</code></dt>
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<dd>
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LSI Logic SCSI controller for recent guests.
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</dd>
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<dt><code>lsisas1068</code></dt>
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<dd>
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LSI Logic SAS 1068 controller.
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</dd>
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</dl>
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<p>
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Here a domain XML snippet:
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</p>
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<pre>
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...
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<disk type='file' device='disk'>
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<driver name='<strong>lsilogic</strong>'/>
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<source file='[local-storage] Fedora11/Fedora11.vmdk'/>
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<target dev='sda' bus='scsi'/>
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</disk>
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...
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</pre>
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<h4>Network card models</h4>
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<dl>
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<dt><code>vlance</code></dt>
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<dd>
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AMD PCnet32 network card for older guests.
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</dd>
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<dt><code>vmxnet</code>, <code>vmxnet3</code></dt>
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<dd>
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Special VMware VMXnet network card, requires VMware tools inside
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the guest.
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</dd>
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<dt><code>e1000</code></dt>
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<dd>
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Intel E1000 network card for recent guests.
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</dd>
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</dl>
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<p>
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Here a domain XML snippet:
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</p>
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<pre>
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...
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<interface type='bridge'>
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<mac address='00:50:56:25:48:c7'/>
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<source bridge='VM Network'/>
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<model type='<strong>e1000</strong>'/>
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</interface>
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...
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</pre>
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<h2><a name="importexport">Import and export of domain XML configs</a></h2>
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<p>
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The ESX driver currently supports a native config format known as
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<code>vmware-vmx</code> to handle VMware VMX configs.
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</p>
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<h3><a name="xmlimport">Converting from VMware VMX config to domain XML config</a></h3>
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<p>
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The <code>virsh domxml-from-native</code> provides a way to convert an
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existing VMware VMX config into a domain XML config that can then be
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used by libvirt.
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</p>
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<pre>
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$ cat > demo.vmx << EOF
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#!/usr/bin/vmware
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config.version = "8"
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virtualHW.version = "4"
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floppy0.present = "false"
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nvram = "Fedora11.nvram"
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deploymentPlatform = "windows"
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virtualHW.productCompatibility = "hosted"
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tools.upgrade.policy = "useGlobal"
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powerType.powerOff = "default"
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powerType.powerOn = "default"
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powerType.suspend = "default"
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powerType.reset = "default"
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displayName = "Fedora11"
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extendedConfigFile = "Fedora11.vmxf"
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scsi0.present = "true"
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scsi0.sharedBus = "none"
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scsi0.virtualDev = "lsilogic"
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memsize = "1024"
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scsi0:0.present = "true"
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scsi0:0.fileName = "/vmfs/volumes/498076b2-02796c1a-ef5b-000ae484a6a3/Fedora11/Fedora11.vmdk"
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scsi0:0.deviceType = "scsi-hardDisk"
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ide0:0.present = "true"
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ide0:0.clientDevice = "true"
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ide0:0.deviceType = "cdrom-raw"
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ide0:0.startConnected = "false"
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ethernet0.present = "true"
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ethernet0.networkName = "VM Network"
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ethernet0.addressType = "vpx"
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ethernet0.address = "00:50:56:91:48:c7"
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chipset.onlineStandby = "false"
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guestOSAltName = "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 (32-Bit)"
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guestOS = "rhel5"
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uuid.bios = "50 11 5e 16 9b dc 49 d7-f1 71 53 c4 d7 f9 17 10"
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snapshot.action = "keep"
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sched.cpu.min = "0"
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sched.cpu.units = "mhz"
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sched.cpu.shares = "normal"
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sched.mem.minsize = "0"
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sched.mem.shares = "normal"
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toolScripts.afterPowerOn = "true"
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toolScripts.afterResume = "true"
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toolScripts.beforeSuspend = "true"
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toolScripts.beforePowerOff = "true"
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scsi0:0.redo = ""
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tools.syncTime = "false"
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uuid.location = "56 4d b5 06 a2 bd fb eb-ae 86 f7 d8 49 27 d0 c4"
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sched.cpu.max = "unlimited"
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sched.swap.derivedName = "/vmfs/volumes/498076b2-02796c1a-ef5b-000ae484a6a3/Fedora11/Fedora11-7de040d8.vswp"
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tools.remindInstall = "TRUE"
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EOF
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$ virsh -c esx://example.com domxml-from-native vmware-vmx demo.vmx
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Enter username for example.com [root]:
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Enter root password for example.com:
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<domain type='vmware'>
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<name>Fedora11</name>
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<uuid>50115e16-9bdc-49d7-f171-53c4d7f91710</uuid>
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<memory>1048576</memory>
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<currentMemory>1048576</currentMemory>
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<vcpu>1</vcpu>
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<os>
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<type arch='i686'>hvm</type>
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</os>
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<clock offset='utc'/>
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<on_poweroff>destroy</on_poweroff>
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<on_reboot>restart</on_reboot>
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<on_crash>destroy</on_crash>
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<devices>
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<disk type='file' device='disk'>
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<driver name='lsilogic'/>
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<source file='[local-storage] Fedora11/Fedora11.vmdk'/>
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<target dev='sda' bus='scsi'/>
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</disk>
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<interface type='bridge'>
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<mac address='00:50:56:91:48:c7'/>
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<source bridge='VM Network'/>
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</interface>
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</devices>
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</domain>
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</pre>
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<h3><a name="xmlexport">Converting from domain XML config to VMware VMX config</a></h3>
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<p>
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The <code>virsh domxml-to-native</code> provides a way to convert a
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domain XML config into a VMware VMX config.
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</p>
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<pre>
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$ cat > demo.xml << EOF
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<domain type='vmware'>
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<name>Fedora11</name>
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<uuid>50115e16-9bdc-49d7-f171-53c4d7f91710</uuid>
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<memory>1048576</memory>
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<currentMemory>1048576</currentMemory>
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<vcpu>1</vcpu>
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<os>
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<type arch='x86_64'>hvm</type>
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</os>
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<devices>
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<disk type='file' device='disk'>
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<driver name='lsilogic'/>
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<source file='[local-storage] Fedora11/Fedora11.vmdk'/>
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<target dev='sda' bus='scsi'/>
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</disk>
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<interface type='bridge'>
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<mac address='00:50:56:25:48:c7'/>
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<source bridge='VM Network'/>
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</interface>
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</devices>
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</domain>
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EOF
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$ virsh -c esx://example.com domxml-to-native vmware-vmx demo.xml
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Enter username for example.com [root]:
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Enter root password for example.com:
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config.version = "8"
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virtualHW.version = "4"
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guestOS = "other-64"
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uuid.bios = "50 11 5e 16 9b dc 49 d7-f1 71 53 c4 d7 f9 17 10"
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displayName = "Fedora11"
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memsize = "1024"
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numvcpus = "1"
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scsi0.present = "true"
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scsi0.virtualDev = "lsilogic"
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scsi0:0.present = "true"
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scsi0:0.deviceType = "scsi-hardDisk"
|
|
scsi0:0.fileName = "/vmfs/volumes/local-storage/Fedora11/Fedora11.vmdk"
|
|
ethernet0.present = "true"
|
|
ethernet0.networkName = "VM Network"
|
|
ethernet0.connectionType = "bridged"
|
|
ethernet0.addressType = "static"
|
|
ethernet0.address = "00:50:56:25:48:C7"
|
|
</pre>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<h2><a name="xmlconfig">Example domain XML configs</a></h2>
|
|
|
|
<h3>Fedora11 on x86_64</h3>
|
|
<pre>
|
|
<domain type='vmware'>
|
|
<name>Fedora11</name>
|
|
<uuid>50115e16-9bdc-49d7-f171-53c4d7f91710</uuid>
|
|
<memory>1048576</memory>
|
|
<currentMemory>1048576</currentMemory>
|
|
<vcpu>1</vcpu>
|
|
<os>
|
|
<type arch='x86_64'>hvm</type>
|
|
</os>
|
|
<devices>
|
|
<disk type='file' device='disk'>
|
|
<source file='[local-storage] Fedora11/Fedora11.vmdk'/>
|
|
<target dev='sda' bus='scsi'/>
|
|
</disk>
|
|
<interface type='bridge'>
|
|
<mac address='00:50:56:25:48:c7'/>
|
|
<source bridge='VM Network'/>
|
|
</interface>
|
|
</devices>
|
|
</domain>
|
|
</pre>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<h2><a name="migration">Migration</a></h2>
|
|
<p>
|
|
A migration cannot be initiated on an ESX server directly, a VMware
|
|
vCenter is necessary for this. The <code>vcenter</code> query
|
|
parameter must be set either to the hostname or IP address of the
|
|
vCenter managing the ESX server or to <code>*</code>. Setting it
|
|
to <code>*</code> causes the driver to connect to the vCenter known to
|
|
the ESX server. If the ESX server is not managed by a vCenter an error
|
|
is reported.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<pre>
|
|
esx://example.com/?vcenter=example-vcenter.com
|
|
</pre>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Here an example how to migrate the domain <code>Fedora11</code> from
|
|
ESX server <code>example-src.com</code> to ESX server
|
|
<code>example-dst.com</code> implicitly involving vCenter
|
|
<code>example-vcenter.com</code> using <code>virsh</code>.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<pre>
|
|
$ virsh -c esx://example-src.com/?vcenter=* migrate Fedora11 esx://example-dst.com/?vcenter=*
|
|
Enter username for example-src.com [root]:
|
|
Enter root password for example-src.com:
|
|
Enter username for example-vcenter.com [administrator]:
|
|
Enter administrator password for example-vcenter.com:
|
|
Enter username for example-dst.com [root]:
|
|
Enter root password for example-dst.com:
|
|
Enter username for example-vcenter.com [administrator]:
|
|
Enter administrator password for example-vcenter.com:
|
|
</pre>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<h2><a name="scheduler">Scheduler configuration</a></h2>
|
|
<p>
|
|
The driver exposes the ESX CPU scheduler. The parameters listed below
|
|
are available to control the scheduler.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<dl>
|
|
<dt><code>reservation</code></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
The amount of CPU resource in MHz that is guaranteed to be
|
|
available to the domain. Valid values are 0 and greater.
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>limit</code></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
The CPU utilization of the domain will be
|
|
limited to this value in MHz, even if more CPU resources are
|
|
available. If the limit is set to -1, the CPU utilization of the
|
|
domain is unlimited. If the limit is not set to -1, it must be
|
|
greater than or equal to the reservation.
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><code>shares</code></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
Shares are used to determine relative CPU
|
|
allocation between domains. In general, a domain with more shares
|
|
gets proportionally more of the CPU resource. Valid values are 0
|
|
and greater. The special values -1, -2 and -3 represent the
|
|
predefined shares level <code>low</code>, <code>normal</code> and
|
|
<code>high</code>.
|
|
</dd>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<h2><a name="tools">VMware tools</a></h2>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Some actions require installed VMware tools. If the VMware tools are
|
|
not installed in the guest and one of the actions below is to be
|
|
performed the ESX server raises an error and the driver reports it.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<code>virDomainReboot</code>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<code>virDomainShutdown</code>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<h2><a name="links">Links</a></h2>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<a href="http://www.vmware.com/support/developer/vc-sdk/">
|
|
VMware vSphere Web Services SDK Documentation
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<a href="http://www.vmware.com/pdf/esx3_memory.pdf">
|
|
The Role of Memory in VMware ESX Server 3
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<a href="http://www.sanbarrow.com/vmx.html">
|
|
VMware VMX config parameters
|
|
</a>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</body></html>
|