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437 lines
15 KiB
XML
437 lines
15 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
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<body>
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<h1>Bhyve driver</h1>
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<ul id="toc"></ul>
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<p>
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Bhyve is a FreeBSD hypervisor. It first appeared in FreeBSD 10.0. However, it's
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recommended to keep tracking FreeBSD 10-STABLE to make sure all new features
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of bhyve are supported.
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In order to enable bhyve on your FreeBSD host, you'll need to load the <code>vmm</code>
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kernel module. Additionally, <code>if_tap</code> and <code>if_bridge</code> modules
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should be loaded for networking support. Also, <span class="since">since 3.2.0</span> the
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<code>virt-host-validate(1)</code> supports the bhyve host validation and could be
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used like this:
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</p>
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<pre>
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$ virt-host-validate bhyve
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BHYVE: Checking for vmm module : PASS
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BHYVE: Checking for if_tap module : PASS
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BHYVE: Checking for if_bridge module : PASS
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BHYVE: Checking for nmdm module : PASS
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$
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</pre>
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<p>
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Additional information on bhyve could be obtained on <a href="http://bhyve.org/">bhyve.org</a>.
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</p>
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<h2><a id="uri">Connections to the Bhyve driver</a></h2>
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<p>
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The libvirt bhyve driver is a single-instance privileged driver. Some sample
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connection URIs are:
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</p>
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<pre>
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bhyve:///system (local access)
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bhyve+unix:///system (local access)
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bhyve+ssh://root@example.com/system (remote access, SSH tunnelled)
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</pre>
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<h2><a id="exconfig">Example guest domain XML configurations</a></h2>
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<h3>Example config</h3>
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<p>
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The bhyve driver in libvirt is in its early stage and under active development. So it supports
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only limited number of features bhyve provides.
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</p>
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<p>
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Note: in older libvirt versions, only a single network device and a single
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disk device were supported per-domain. However,
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<span class="since">since 1.2.6</span> the libvirt bhyve driver supports
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up to 31 PCI devices.
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</p>
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<p>
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Note: the Bhyve driver in libvirt will boot whichever device is first. If you
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want to install from CD, put the CD device first. If not, put the root HDD
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first.
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</p>
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<p>
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Note: Only the SATA bus is supported. Only <code>cdrom</code>- and
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<code>disk</code>-type disks are supported.
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</p>
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<pre>
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<domain type='bhyve'>
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<name>bhyve</name>
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<uuid>df3be7e7-a104-11e3-aeb0-50e5492bd3dc</uuid>
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<memory>219136</memory>
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<currentMemory>219136</currentMemory>
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<vcpu>1</vcpu>
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<os>
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<type>hvm</type>
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</os>
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<features>
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<apic/>
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<acpi/>
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</features>
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<clock offset='utc'/>
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<on_poweroff>destroy</on_poweroff>
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<on_reboot>restart</on_reboot>
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<on_crash>destroy</on_crash>
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<devices>
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<disk type='file'>
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<driver name='file' type='raw'/>
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<source file='/path/to/bhyve_freebsd.img'/>
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<target dev='hda' bus='sata'/>
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</disk>
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<disk type='file' device='cdrom'>
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<driver name='file' type='raw'/>
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<source file='/path/to/cdrom.iso'/>
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<target dev='hdc' bus='sata'/>
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<readonly/>
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</disk>
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<interface type='bridge'>
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<model type='virtio'/>
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<source bridge="virbr0"/>
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</interface>
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</devices>
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</domain>
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</pre>
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<p>(The <disk> sections may be swapped in order to install from
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<em>cdrom.iso</em>.)</p>
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<h3>Example config (Linux guest)</h3>
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<p>
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Note the addition of <bootloader>.
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</p>
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<pre>
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<domain type='bhyve'>
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<name>linux_guest</name>
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<uuid>df3be7e7-a104-11e3-aeb0-50e5492bd3dc</uuid>
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<memory>131072</memory>
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<currentMemory>131072</currentMemory>
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<vcpu>1</vcpu>
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<bootloader>/usr/local/sbin/grub-bhyve</bootloader>
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<os>
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<type>hvm</type>
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</os>
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<features>
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<apic/>
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<acpi/>
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</features>
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<clock offset='utc'/>
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<on_poweroff>destroy</on_poweroff>
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<on_reboot>restart</on_reboot>
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<on_crash>destroy</on_crash>
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<devices>
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<disk type='file' device='disk'>
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<driver name='file' type='raw'/>
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<source file='/path/to/guest_hdd.img'/>
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<target dev='hda' bus='sata'/>
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</disk>
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<disk type='file' device='cdrom'>
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<driver name='file' type='raw'/>
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<source file='/path/to/cdrom.iso'/>
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<target dev='hdc' bus='sata'/>
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<readonly/>
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</disk>
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<interface type='bridge'>
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<model type='virtio'/>
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<source bridge="virbr0"/>
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</interface>
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</devices>
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</domain>
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</pre>
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<h3>Example config (Linux UEFI guest, VNC, tablet)</h3>
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<p>This is an example to boot into Fedora 25 installation:</p>
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<pre>
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<domain type='bhyve'>
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<name>fedora_uefi_vnc_tablet</name>
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<memory unit='G'>4</memory>
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<vcpu>2</vcpu>
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<os>
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<type>hvm</type>
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<b><loader readonly="yes" type="pflash">/usr/local/share/uefi-firmware/BHYVE_UEFI.fd</loader></b>
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</os>
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<features>
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<apic/>
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<acpi/>
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</features>
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<clock offset='utc'/>
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<on_poweroff>destroy</on_poweroff>
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<on_reboot>restart</on_reboot>
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<on_crash>destroy</on_crash>
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<devices>
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<disk type='file' device='cdrom'>
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<driver name='file' type='raw'/>
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<source file='/path/to/Fedora-Workstation-Live-x86_64-25-1.3.iso'/>
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<target dev='hdc' bus='sata'/>
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<readonly/>
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</disk>
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<disk type='file' device='disk'>
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<driver name='file' type='raw'/>
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<source file='/path/to/linux_uefi.img'/>
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<target dev='hda' bus='sata'/>
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</disk>
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<interface type='bridge'>
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<model type='virtio'/>
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<source bridge="virbr0"/>
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</interface>
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<serial type="nmdm">
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<source master="/dev/nmdm0A" slave="/dev/nmdm0B"/>
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</serial>
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<b><graphics type='vnc' port='5904'>
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<listen type='address' address='127.0.0.1'/>
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</graphics>
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<controller type='usb' model='nec-xhci'/>
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<input type='tablet' bus='usb'/></b>
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</devices>
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</domain>
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</pre>
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<p>Please refer to the <a href="#uefi">UEFI</a> section for a more detailed explanation.</p>
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<h2><a id="usage">Guest usage / management</a></h2>
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<h3><a id="console">Connecting to a guest console</a></h3>
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<p>
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Guest console connection is supported through the <code>nmdm</code> device. It could be enabled by adding
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the following to the domain XML (<span class="since">Since 1.2.4</span>):
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</p>
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<pre>
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...
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<devices>
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<serial type="nmdm">
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<source master="/dev/nmdm0A" slave="/dev/nmdm0B"/>
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</serial>
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</devices>
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...</pre>
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<p>Make sure to load the <code>nmdm</code> kernel module if you plan to use that.</p>
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<p>
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Then <code>virsh console</code> command can be used to connect to the text console
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of a guest.</p>
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<p><b>NB:</b> Some versions of bhyve have a bug that prevents guests from booting
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until the console is opened by a client. This bug was fixed in FreeBSD
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<a href="http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/base/262884">r262884</a>. If
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an older version is used, one either has to open a console manually with <code>virsh console</code>
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to let a guest boot or start a guest using:</p>
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<pre>start --console domname</pre>
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<p><b>NB:</b> A bootloader configured to require user interaction will prevent
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the domain from starting (and thus <code>virsh console</code> or <code>start
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--console</code> from functioning) until the user interacts with it manually on
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the VM host. Because users typically do not have access to the VM host,
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interactive bootloaders are unsupported by libvirt. <em>However,</em> if you happen to
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run into this scenario and also happen to have access to the Bhyve host
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machine, you may select a boot option and allow the domain to finish starting
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by using an alternative terminal client on the VM host to connect to the
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domain-configured null modem device. One example (assuming
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<code>/dev/nmdm0B</code> is configured as the slave end of the domain serial
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device) is:</p>
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<pre>cu -l /dev/nmdm0B</pre>
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<h3><a id="xmltonative">Converting from domain XML to Bhyve args</a></h3>
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<p>
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The <code>virsh domxml-to-native</code> command can preview the actual
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<code>bhyve</code> commands that will be executed for a given domain.
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It outputs two lines, the first line is a <code>bhyveload</code> command and
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the second is a <code>bhyve</code> command.
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</p>
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<p>Please note that the <code>virsh domxml-to-native</code> doesn't do any
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real actions other than printing the command, for example, it doesn't try to
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find a proper TAP interface and create it, like what is done when starting
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a domain; and always returns <code>tap0</code> for the network interface. So
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if you're going to run these commands manually, most likely you might want to
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tweak them.</p>
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<pre>
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# virsh -c "bhyve:///system" domxml-to-native --format bhyve-argv --xml /path/to/bhyve.xml
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/usr/sbin/bhyveload -m 214 -d /home/user/vm1.img vm1
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/usr/sbin/bhyve -c 2 -m 214 -A -I -H -P -s 0:0,hostbridge -s 3:0,virtio-net,tap0,mac=52:54:00:5d:74:e3 -s 2:0,virtio-blk,/home/user/vm1.img -s 1,lpc -l com1,/dev/nmdm0A vm1
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</pre>
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<h3><a id="zfsvolume">Using ZFS volumes</a></h3>
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<p>It's possible to use ZFS volumes as disk devices <span class="since">since 1.2.8</span>.
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An example of domain XML device entry for that will look like:</p>
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<pre>
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...
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<disk type='volume' device='disk'>
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<source pool='zfspool' volume='vol1'/>
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<target dev='vdb' bus='virtio'/>
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</disk>
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...</pre>
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<p>Please refer to the <a href="storage.html">Storage documentation</a> for more details on storage
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management.</p>
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<h3><a id="grubbhyve">Using grub2-bhyve or Alternative Bootloaders</a></h3>
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<p>It's possible to boot non-FreeBSD guests by specifying an explicit
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bootloader, e.g. <code>grub-bhyve(1)</code>. Arguments to the bootloader may be
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specified as well. If the bootloader is <code>grub-bhyve</code> and arguments
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are omitted, libvirt will try and infer boot ordering from user-supplied
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<boot order='N'> configuration in the domain. Failing that, it will boot
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the first disk in the domain (either <code>cdrom</code>- or
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<code>disk</code>-type devices). If the disk type is <code>disk</code>, it will
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attempt to boot from the first partition in the disk image.</p>
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<pre>
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...
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<bootloader>/usr/local/sbin/grub-bhyve</bootloader>
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<bootloader_args>...</bootloader_args>
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...
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</pre>
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<p>Caveat: <code>bootloader_args</code> does not support any quoting.
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Filenames, etc, must not have spaces or they will be tokenized incorrectly.</p>
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<h3><a id="uefi">Using UEFI bootrom, VNC, and USB tablet</a></h3>
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<p><span class="since">Since 3.2.0</span>, in addition to <a href="#grubbhyve">grub-bhyve</a>,
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non-FreeBSD guests could be also booted using an UEFI boot ROM, provided both guest OS and
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installed <code>bhyve(1)</code> version support UEFI. To use that, <code>loader</code>
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should be specified in the <code>os</code> section:</p>
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<pre>
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<domain type='bhyve'>
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...
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<os>
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<type>hvm</type>
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<loader readonly="yes" type="pflash">/usr/local/share/uefi-firmware/BHYVE_UEFI.fd</loader>
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</os>
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...
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</pre>
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<p>This uses the UEFI firmware provided by
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the <a href="https://www.freshports.org/sysutils/bhyve-firmware/">sysutils/bhyve-firmware</a>
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FreeBSD port.</p>
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<p>VNC and the tablet input device could be configured this way:</p>
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<pre>
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<domain type='bhyve'>
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<devices>
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...
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<graphics type='vnc' port='5904'>
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<listen type='address' address='127.0.0.1'/>
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</graphics>
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<controller type='usb' model='nec-xhci'/>
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<input type='tablet' bus='usb'/>
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</devices>
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...
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</domain>
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</pre>
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<p>This way, VNC will be accessible on <code>127.0.0.1:5904</code>.</p>
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<p>Please note that the tablet device requires to have a USB controller
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of the <code>nec-xhci</code> model. Currently, only a single controller of this
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type and a single tablet are supported per domain.</p>
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<p><span class="since">Since 3.5.0</span>, it's possible to configure how the video device is exposed
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to the guest using the <code>vgaconf</code> attribute:</p>
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<pre>
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<domain type='bhyve'>
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<devices>
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...
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<graphics type='vnc' port='5904'>
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<listen type='address' address='127.0.0.1'/>
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</graphics>
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<video>
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<driver vgaconf='on'/>
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<model type='gop' heads='1' primary='yes'/>
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</video>
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...
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</devices>
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...
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</domain>
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</pre>
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<p>If not specified, bhyve's default mode for <code>vgaconf</code>
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will be used. Please refer to the
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<a href="https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bhyve&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+12-current">bhyve(8)</a>
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manual page and the <a href="https://wiki.freebsd.org/bhyve">bhyve wiki</a> for more details on using
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the <code>vgaconf</code> option.</p>
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<p><span class="since">Since 3.7.0</span>, it's possible to use <code>autoport</code>
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to let libvirt allocate VNC port automatically (instead of explicitly specifying
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it with the <code>port</code> attribute):</p>
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<pre>
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<graphics type='vnc' autoport='yes'>
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</pre>
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<h3><a id="clockconfig">Clock configuration</a></h3>
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<p>Originally bhyve supported only localtime for RTC. Support for UTC time was introduced in
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<a href="http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/base/284894">r284894</a> for <i>10-STABLE</i> and
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in <a href="http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/base/279225">r279225</a> for <i>-CURRENT</i>.
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It's possible to use this in libvirt <span class="since">since 1.2.18</span>, just place the
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following to domain XML:</p>
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<pre>
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<domain type="bhyve">
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...
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<clock offset='utc'/>
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...
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</domain>
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</pre>
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<p>Please note that if you run the older bhyve version that doesn't support UTC time, you'll
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fail to start a domain. As UTC is used as a default when you do not specify clock settings,
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you'll need to explicitly specify 'localtime' in this case:</p>
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<pre>
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<domain type="bhyve">
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...
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<clock offset='localtime'/>
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...
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</domain>
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</pre>
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<h3><a id="e1000">e1000 NIC</a></h3>
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<p>As of <a href="https://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/base/302504">r302504</a> bhyve
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supports Intel e1000 network adapter emulation. It's supported in libvirt
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<span class="since">since 3.1.0</span> and could be used as follows:</p>
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<pre>
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...
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<interface type='bridge'>
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<source bridge='virbr0'/>
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<model type='<b>e1000</b>'/>
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</interface>
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...
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</pre>
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</body>
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</html>
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