mirror of
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9d4e2845d4
This commit introduces names definition for the DNS hosts file using
the following syntax:
<dns>
<host ip="192.168.1.1">
<name>alias1</name>
<name>alias2</name>
</host>
</dns>
Some of the improvements and fixes were done by Laine Stump so
I'm putting him into the SOB clause again ;-)
Signed-off-by: Michal Novotny <minovotn@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Laine Stump <laine@laine.org>
310 lines
14 KiB
HTML
310 lines
14 KiB
HTML
<html>
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<body>
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<h1>Network XML format</h1>
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<ul id="toc">
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</ul>
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<p>
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This page provides an introduction to the network XML format. For background
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information on the concepts referred to here, consult the <a href="archnetwork.html">network driver architecture</a>
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page.
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</p>
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<h2><a name="elements">Element and attribute overview</a></h2>
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<p>
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The root element required for all virtual networks is
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named <code>network</code> and has no attributes.
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The network XML format is available <span class="since">since 0.3.0</span>
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</p>
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<h3><a name="elementsMetadata">General metadata</a></h3>
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<p>
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The first elements provide basic metadata about the virtual
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network.
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</p>
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<pre>
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<network>
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<name>default</name>
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<uuid>3e3fce45-4f53-4fa7-bb32-11f34168b82b</uuid>
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...</pre>
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<dl>
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<dt><code>name</code></dt>
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<dd>The content of the <code>name</code> element provides
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a short name for the virtual network. This name should
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consist only of alpha-numeric characters and is required
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to be unique within the scope of a single host. It is
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used to form the filename for storing the persistent
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configuration file. <span class="since">Since 0.3.0</span></dd>
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<dt><code>uuid</code></dt>
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<dd>The content of the <code>uuid</code> element provides
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a globally unique identifier for the virtual network.
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The format must be RFC 4122 compliant, eg <code>3e3fce45-4f53-4fa7-bb32-11f34168b82b</code>.
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If omitted when defining/creating a new network, a random
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UUID is generated. <span class="since">Since 0.3.0</span></dd>
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</dl>
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<h3><a name="elementsConnect">Connectivity</a></h3>
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<p>
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The next set of elements control how a virtual network is
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provided connectivity to the physical LAN (if at all).
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</p>
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<pre>
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...
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<bridge name="virbr0" stp="on" delay="5"/>
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<domain name="example"/>
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<forward mode="nat" dev="eth0"/>
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...</pre>
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<dl>
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<dt><code>bridge</code></dt>
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<dd>The <code>name</code> attribute on the <code>bridge</code> element
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defines the name of a bridge device which will be used to construct
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the virtual network. The virtual machines will be connected to this
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bridge device allowing them to talk to each other. The bridge device
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may also be connected to the LAN. It is recommended that bridge
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device names started with the prefix <code>vir</code>, but the name
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<code>virbr0</code> is reserved for the "default" virtual network.
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This element should always be provided when defining a new network.
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Attribute <code>stp</code> specifies if Spanning Tree Protocol is
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'on' or 'off' (default is 'on'). Attribute <code>delay</code> sets
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the bridge's forward delay value in seconds (default is 0).
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<span class="since">Since 0.3.0</span>
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</dd>
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<dt><code>domain</code></dt>
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<dd>
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The <code>name</code> attribute on the <code>domain</code> element
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defines the DNS domain of the DHCP server. This element is optional.
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<span class="since">Since 0.4.5</span>
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</dd>
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<dt><code>forward</code></dt>
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<dd>Inclusion of the <code>forward</code> element indicates that
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the virtual network is to be connected to the physical
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LAN. the <code>mode</code> attribute determines the method of
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forwarding; possible selections are 'nat' and 'route'. If mode
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is not specified, NAT forwarding will be used for
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connectivity. If a network has any IPv6 addresses defined,
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even if <code>mode</code> is given as 'nat', the IPv6 traffic
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will be forwarded using routing, since IPv6 has no concept of NAT.
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Firewall rules will allow forwarding to any other network device whether
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ethernet, wireless, dialup, or VPN. If the <code>dev</code> attribute
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is set, the firewall rules will restrict forwarding to the named
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device only. If the <code>mode</code> attribute is set to <code>route</code>
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then the traffic will not have NAT applied. This presumes that the
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local LAN router has suitable routing table entries to return traffic
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to this host. <span class="since">Since 0.3.0; 'mode' attribute since
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0.4.2</span></dd>
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</dl>
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<h3><a name="elementsAddress">Addressing</a></h3>
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<p>
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The final set of elements define the addresses (IPv4 and/or
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IPv6, as well as MAC) to be assigned to the bridge device
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associated with the virtual network, and optionally enable DHCP
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services.
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</p>
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<pre>
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...
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<mac address='00:16:3E:5D:C7:9E'/>
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<dns>
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<txt name="example" value="example value" />
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</dns>
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<ip address="192.168.122.1" netmask="255.255.255.0">
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<dhcp>
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<range start="192.168.122.100" end="192.168.122.254" />
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<host mac="00:16:3e:77:e2:ed" name="foo.example.com" ip="192.168.122.10" />
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<host mac="00:16:3e:3e:a9:1a" name="bar.example.com" ip="192.168.122.11" />
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</dhcp>
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</ip>
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<ip family="ipv6" address="2001:8794:ca2:2::1" prefix="64" />
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</network></pre>
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<dl>
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<dt><code>mac</code></dt>
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<dd>The <code>address</code> attribute defines a MAC
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(hardware) address formatted as 6 groups of 2-digit
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hexadecimal numbers, the groups separated by colons
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(eg, <code>"52:54:00:1C:DA:2F"</code>). This MAC address is
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assigned to the bridge device when it is created. Generally
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it is best to not specify a MAC address when creating a
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network - in this case, if a defined MAC address is needed for
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proper operation, libvirt will automatically generate a random
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MAC address and save it in the config. Allowing libvirt to
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generate the MAC address will assure that it is compatible
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with the idiosyncrasies of the platform where libvirt is
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running. <span class="since">Since 0.8.8</span>
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</dd>
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<dt><code>ip</code></dt>
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<dd>The <code>address</code> attribute defines an IPv4 address in
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dotted-decimal format, or an IPv6 address in standard
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colon-separated hexadecimal format, that will be configured on
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the bridge
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device associated with the virtual network. To the guests this
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address will be their default route. For IPv4 addresses, the <code>netmask</code>
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attribute defines the significant bits of the network address,
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again specified in dotted-decimal format. For IPv6 addresses,
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and as an alternate method for IPv4 addresses, you can specify
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the significant bits of the network address with the <code>prefix</code>
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attribute, which is an integer (for example, <code>netmask='255.255.255.0'</code>
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could also be given as <code>prefix='24'</code>. The <code>family</code>
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attribute is used to specify the type of address - 'ipv4' or 'ipv6'; if no
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<code>family</code> is given, 'ipv4' is assumed. A network can have more than
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one of each family of address defined, but only a single address can have a
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<code>dhcp</code> or <code>tftp</code> element. <span class="since">Since 0.3.0;
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IPv6, multiple addresses on a single network, <code>family</code>, and
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<code>prefix</code> since 0.8.7</span>
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</dd><dt><code>tftp</code></dt><dd>Immediately within
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the <code>ip</code> element there is an optional <code>tftp</code>
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element. The presence of this element and of its attribute
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<code>root</code> enables TFTP services. The attribute specifies
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the path to the root directory served via TFTP. <code>tftp</code> is not
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supported for IPv6 addresses, can only be specified on a single IPv4 address
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per network.
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<span class="since">Since 0.7.1</span>
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</dd>
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<dt><code>dns</code></dt><dd>
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The dns element of a network contains configuration information for the
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virtual network's DNS server. <span class="since">Since 0.9.3</span>
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Currently supported elements are:
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<dl>
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<dt><code>txt</code></dt>
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<dd>A <code>dns</code> element can have 0 or more <code>txt</code> elements.
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Each txt element defines a DNS TXT record and has two attributes, both
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required: a name that can be queried via dns, and a value that will be
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returned when that name is queried. names cannot contain embedded spaces
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or commas. value is a single string that can contain multiple values
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separated by commas. <span class="since">Since 0.9.3</span>
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</dd>
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<dt><code>host</code></dt>
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<dd>The <code>host</code> element within <code>dns</code> is the
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definition of DNS hosts to be passed to the DNS service. The IP
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address is identified by the <code>ip</code> attribute and the names
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for that IP address are identified in the <code>hostname</code>
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sub-elements of the <code>host</code> element.
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<span class="since">Since 0.9.3</span>
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</dd>
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</dl>
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</dd>
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<dt><code>dhcp</code></dt>
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<dd>Also within the <code>ip</code> element there is an
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optional <code>dhcp</code> element. The presence of this element
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enables DHCP services on the virtual network. It will further
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contain one or more <code>range</code> elements. The
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<code>dhcp</code> element is not supported for IPv6, and
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is only supported on a single IP address per network for IPv4.
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<span class="since">Since 0.3.0</span>
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</dd>
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<dt><code>range</code></dt>
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<dd>The <code>start</code> and <code>end</code> attributes on the
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<code>range</code> element specify the boundaries of a pool of
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IPv4 addresses to be provided to DHCP clients. These two addresses
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must lie within the scope of the network defined on the parent
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<code>ip</code> element. <span class="since">Since 0.3.0</span>
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</dd>
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<dt><code>host</code></dt>
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<dd>Within the <code>dhcp</code> element there may be zero or more
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<code>host</code> elements; these specify hosts which will be given
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names and predefined IP addresses by the built-in DHCP server. Any
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such element must specify the MAC address of the host to be assigned
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a given name (via the <code>mac</code> attribute), the IP to be
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assigned to that host (via the <code>ip</code> attribute), and the
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name to be given that host by the DHCP server (via the
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<code>name</code> attribute). <span class="since">Since 0.4.5</span>
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</dd><dt><code>bootp</code></dt><dd>The optional <code>bootp</code>
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element specifies BOOTP options to be provided by the DHCP server.
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Two attributes are supported: <code>file</code> is mandatory and
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gives the file to be used for the boot image; <code>server</code> is
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optional and gives the address of the TFTP server from which the boot
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image will be fetched. <code>server</code> defaults to the same host
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that runs the DHCP server, as is the case when the <code>tftp</code>
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element is used. The BOOTP options currently have to be the same
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for all address ranges and statically assigned addresses.<span
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class="since">Since 0.7.1 (<code>server</code> since 0.7.3).</span>
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</dd>
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</dl>
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<h2><a name="examples">Example configuration</a></h2>
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<h3><a name="examplesNAT">NAT based network</a></h3>
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<p>
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This example is the so called "default" virtual network. It is
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provided and enabled out-of-the-box for all libvirt installations.
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This is a configuration that allows guest OS to get outbound
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connectivity regardless of whether the host uses ethernet, wireless,
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dialup, or VPN networking without requiring any specific admin
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configuration. In the absence of host networking, it at least allows
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guests to talk directly to each other.
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</p>
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<pre>
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<network>
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<name>default</name>
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<bridge name="virbr0" />
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<forward mode="nat"/>
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<ip address="192.168.122.1" netmask="255.255.255.0">
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<dhcp>
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<range start="192.168.122.2" end="192.168.122.254" />
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</dhcp>
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</ip>
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<ip family="ipv6" address="2001:8794:ca2:2::1" prefix="64" />
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</network></pre>
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<h3><a name="examplesRoute">Routed network config</a></h3>
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<p>
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This is a variant on the default network which routes traffic
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from the virtual network to the LAN without applying any NAT.
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It requires that the IP address range be pre-configured in the
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routing tables of the router on the host network. This example
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further specifies that guest traffic may only go out via the
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<code>eth1</code> host network device.
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</p>
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<pre>
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<network>
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<name>local</name>
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<bridge name="virbr1" />
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<forward mode="route" dev="eth1"/>
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<ip address="192.168.122.1" netmask="255.255.255.0">
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<dhcp>
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<range start="192.168.122.2" end="192.168.122.254" />
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</dhcp>
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</ip>
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<ip family="ipv6" address="2001:8794:ca2:2::1" prefix="64" />
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</network></pre>
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<h3><a name="examplesPrivate">Isolated network config</a></h3>
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<p>
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This variant provides a completely isolated private network
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for guests. The guests can talk to each other, and the host
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OS, but cannot reach any other machines on the LAN, due to
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the omission of the <code>forward</code> element in the XML
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description.
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</p>
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<pre>
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<network>
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<name>private</name>
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<bridge name="virbr2" />
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<ip address="192.168.152.1" netmask="255.255.255.0">
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<dhcp>
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<range start="192.168.152.2" end="192.168.152.254" />
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</dhcp>
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</ip>
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<ip family="ipv6" address="2001:8794:ca2:3::1" prefix="64" />
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</network></pre>
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</body>
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</html>
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