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585 lines
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ReStructuredText
585 lines
18 KiB
ReStructuredText
.. role:: since
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============
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Bhyve driver
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============
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.. contents::
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Bhyve is a FreeBSD hypervisor. It first appeared in FreeBSD 10.0. However, it's
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recommended to keep tracking FreeBSD 10-STABLE to make sure all new features of
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bhyve are supported. In order to enable bhyve on your FreeBSD host, you'll need
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to load the ``vmm`` kernel module. Additionally, ``if_tap`` and ``if_bridge``
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modules should be loaded for networking support. Also, :since:`since 3.2.0` the
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``virt-host-validate(1)`` supports the bhyve host validation and could be used
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like this:
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::
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$ virt-host-validate bhyve
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BHYVE: Checking for vmm module : PASS
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BHYVE: Checking for if_tap module : PASS
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BHYVE: Checking for if_bridge module : PASS
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BHYVE: Checking for nmdm module : PASS
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$
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Additional information on bhyve could be obtained on
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`bhyve.org <https://bhyve.org/>`__.
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Connections to the Bhyve driver
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-------------------------------
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The libvirt bhyve driver is a single-instance privileged driver. Some sample
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connection URIs are:
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::
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bhyve:///system (local access)
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bhyve+unix:///system (local access)
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bhyve+ssh://root@example.com/system (remote access, SSH tunnelled)
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Example guest domain XML configurations
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---------------------------------------
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Example config
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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The bhyve driver in libvirt is in its early stage and under active development.
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So it supports only limited number of features bhyve provides.
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Note: in older libvirt versions, only a single network device and a single disk
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device were supported per-domain. However, :since:`since 1.2.6` the libvirt
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bhyve driver supports up to 31 PCI devices.
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Note: the Bhyve driver in libvirt will boot whichever device is first. If you
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want to install from CD, put the CD device first. If not, put the root HDD
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first.
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Note: Only the SATA bus is supported. Only ``cdrom``- and ``disk``-type disks
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are supported.
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::
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<domain type='bhyve'>
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<name>bhyve</name>
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<uuid>df3be7e7-a104-11e3-aeb0-50e5492bd3dc</uuid>
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<memory>219136</memory>
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<currentMemory>219136</currentMemory>
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<vcpu>1</vcpu>
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<os>
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<type>hvm</type>
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</os>
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<features>
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<apic/>
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<acpi/>
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</features>
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<clock offset='utc'/>
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<on_poweroff>destroy</on_poweroff>
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<on_reboot>restart</on_reboot>
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<on_crash>destroy</on_crash>
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<devices>
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<disk type='file'>
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<driver name='file' type='raw'/>
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<source file='/path/to/bhyve_freebsd.img'/>
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<target dev='hda' bus='sata'/>
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</disk>
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<disk type='file' device='cdrom'>
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<driver name='file' type='raw'/>
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<source file='/path/to/cdrom.iso'/>
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<target dev='hdc' bus='sata'/>
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<readonly/>
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</disk>
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<interface type='bridge'>
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<model type='virtio'/>
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<source bridge="virbr0"/>
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</interface>
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</devices>
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</domain>
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(The <disk> sections may be swapped in order to install from *cdrom.iso*.)
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Example config (Linux guest)
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Note the addition of <bootloader>.
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::
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<domain type='bhyve'>
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<name>linux_guest</name>
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<uuid>df3be7e7-a104-11e3-aeb0-50e5492bd3dc</uuid>
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<memory>131072</memory>
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<currentMemory>131072</currentMemory>
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<vcpu>1</vcpu>
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<bootloader>/usr/local/sbin/grub-bhyve</bootloader>
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<os>
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<type>hvm</type>
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</os>
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<features>
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<apic/>
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<acpi/>
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</features>
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<clock offset='utc'/>
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<on_poweroff>destroy</on_poweroff>
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<on_reboot>restart</on_reboot>
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<on_crash>destroy</on_crash>
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<devices>
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<disk type='file' device='disk'>
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<driver name='file' type='raw'/>
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<source file='/path/to/guest_hdd.img'/>
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<target dev='hda' bus='sata'/>
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</disk>
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<disk type='file' device='cdrom'>
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<driver name='file' type='raw'/>
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<source file='/path/to/cdrom.iso'/>
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<target dev='hdc' bus='sata'/>
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<readonly/>
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</disk>
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<interface type='bridge'>
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<model type='virtio'/>
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<source bridge="virbr0"/>
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</interface>
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</devices>
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</domain>
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Example config (Linux UEFI guest, VNC, tablet)
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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This is an example to boot into Fedora 25 installation:
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::
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<domain type='bhyve'>
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<name>fedora_uefi_vnc_tablet</name>
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<memory unit='G'>4</memory>
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<vcpu>2</vcpu>
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<os>
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<type>hvm</type>
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<loader readonly="yes" type="pflash">/usr/local/share/uefi-firmware/BHYVE_UEFI.fd</loader>
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</os>
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<features>
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<apic/>
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<acpi/>
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</features>
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<clock offset='utc'/>
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<on_poweroff>destroy</on_poweroff>
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<on_reboot>restart</on_reboot>
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<on_crash>destroy</on_crash>
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<devices>
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<disk type='file' device='cdrom'>
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<driver name='file' type='raw'/>
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<source file='/path/to/Fedora-Workstation-Live-x86_64-25-1.3.iso'/>
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<target dev='hdc' bus='sata'/>
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<readonly/>
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</disk>
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<disk type='file' device='disk'>
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<driver name='file' type='raw'/>
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<source file='/path/to/linux_uefi.img'/>
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<target dev='hda' bus='sata'/>
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</disk>
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<interface type='bridge'>
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<model type='virtio'/>
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<source bridge="virbr0"/>
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</interface>
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<serial type="nmdm">
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<source master="/dev/nmdm0A" slave="/dev/nmdm0B"/>
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</serial>
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<graphics type='vnc' port='5904'>
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<listen type='address' address='127.0.0.1'/>
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</graphics>
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<controller type='usb' model='nec-xhci'/>
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<input type='tablet' bus='usb'/>
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</devices>
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</domain>
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Please refer to the `Using UEFI bootrom, VNC, and USB tablet`_ section for a
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more detailed explanation.
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Guest usage / management
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------------------------
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Connecting to a guest console
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Guest console connection is supported through the ``nmdm`` device. It could be
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enabled by adding the following to the domain XML ( :since:`Since 1.2.4` ):
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::
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...
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<devices>
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<serial type="nmdm">
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<source master="/dev/nmdm0A" slave="/dev/nmdm0B"/>
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</serial>
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</devices>
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...
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Make sure to load the ``nmdm`` kernel module if you plan to use that.
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Then ``virsh console`` command can be used to connect to the text console of a
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guest.
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**NB:** Some versions of bhyve have a bug that prevents guests from booting
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until the console is opened by a client. This bug was fixed in `FreeBSD
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changeset r262884 <https://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/base/262884>`__. If an
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older version is used, one either has to open a console manually with
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``virsh console`` to let a guest boot or start a guest using:
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::
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start --console domname
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**NB:** A bootloader configured to require user interaction will prevent the
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domain from starting (and thus ``virsh console`` or ``start --console`` from
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functioning) until the user interacts with it manually on the VM host. Because
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users typically do not have access to the VM host, interactive bootloaders are
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unsupported by libvirt. *However,* if you happen to run into this scenario and
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also happen to have access to the Bhyve host machine, you may select a boot
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option and allow the domain to finish starting by using an alternative terminal
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client on the VM host to connect to the domain-configured null modem device. One
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example (assuming ``/dev/nmdm0B`` is configured as the slave end of the domain
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serial device) is:
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::
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cu -l /dev/nmdm0B
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Converting from domain XML to Bhyve args
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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The ``virsh domxml-to-native`` command can preview the actual ``bhyve`` commands
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that will be executed for a given domain. It outputs two lines, the first line
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is a ``bhyveload`` command and the second is a ``bhyve`` command.
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Please note that the ``virsh domxml-to-native`` doesn't do any real actions
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other than printing the command, for example, it doesn't try to find a proper
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TAP interface and create it, like what is done when starting a domain; and
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always returns ``tap0`` for the network interface. So if you're going to run
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these commands manually, most likely you might want to tweak them.
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::
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# virsh -c "bhyve:///system" domxml-to-native --format bhyve-argv --xml /path/to/bhyve.xml
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/usr/sbin/bhyveload -m 214 -d /home/user/vm1.img vm1
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/usr/sbin/bhyve -c 2 -m 214 -A -I -H -P -s 0:0,hostbridge \
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-s 3:0,virtio-net,tap0,mac=52:54:00:5d:74:e3 -s 2:0,virtio-blk,/home/user/vm1.img \
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-s 1,lpc -l com1,/dev/nmdm0A vm1
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Using ZFS volumes
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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It's possible to use ZFS volumes as disk devices :since:`since 1.2.8`. An
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example of domain XML device entry for that will look like:
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::
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...
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<disk type='volume' device='disk'>
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<source pool='zfspool' volume='vol1'/>
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<target dev='vdb' bus='virtio'/>
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</disk>
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...
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Please refer to the `Storage documentation <storage.html>`__ for more details on
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storage management.
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Using grub2-bhyve or Alternative Bootloaders
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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It's possible to boot non-FreeBSD guests by specifying an explicit bootloader,
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e.g. ``grub-bhyve(1)``. Arguments to the bootloader may be specified as well. If
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the bootloader is ``grub-bhyve`` and arguments are omitted, libvirt will try and
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infer boot ordering from user-supplied <boot order='N'> configuration in the
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domain. Failing that, it will boot the first disk in the domain (either
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``cdrom``- or ``disk``-type devices). If the disk type is ``disk``, it will
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attempt to boot from the first partition in the disk image.
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::
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...
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<bootloader>/usr/local/sbin/grub-bhyve</bootloader>
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<bootloader_args>...</bootloader_args>
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...
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Caveat: ``bootloader_args`` does not support any quoting. Filenames, etc, must
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not have spaces or they will be tokenized incorrectly.
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Using UEFI bootrom, VNC, and USB tablet
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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:since:`Since 3.2.0`, in addition to
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`Using grub2-bhyve or Alternative Bootloaders`_, non-FreeBSD
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guests could be also booted using an UEFI boot ROM, provided both guest OS and
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installed ``bhyve(1)`` version support UEFI. To use that, ``loader`` should be
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specified in the ``os`` section:
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::
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<domain type='bhyve'>
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...
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<os>
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<type>hvm</type>
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<loader readonly="yes" type="pflash">/usr/local/share/uefi-firmware/BHYVE_UEFI.fd</loader>
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</os>
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...
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This uses the UEFI firmware provided by the
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`sysutils/bhyve-firmware <https://www.freshports.org/sysutils/bhyve-firmware/>`__
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FreeBSD port.
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VNC and the tablet input device could be configured this way:
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::
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<domain type='bhyve'>
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<devices>
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...
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<graphics type='vnc' port='5904'>
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<listen type='address' address='127.0.0.1'/>
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</graphics>
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<controller type='usb' model='nec-xhci'/>
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<input type='tablet' bus='usb'/>
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</devices>
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...
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</domain>
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This way, VNC will be accessible on ``127.0.0.1:5904``.
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Please note that the tablet device requires to have a USB controller of the
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``nec-xhci`` model. Currently, only a single controller of this type and a
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single tablet are supported per domain.
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:since:`Since 3.5.0`, it's possible to configure how the video device is
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exposed to the guest using the ``vgaconf`` attribute:
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::
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<domain type='bhyve'>
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<devices>
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...
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<graphics type='vnc' port='5904'>
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<listen type='address' address='127.0.0.1'/>
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</graphics>
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<video>
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<driver vgaconf='on'/>
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<model type='gop' heads='1' primary='yes'/>
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</video>
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...
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</devices>
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...
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</domain>
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If not specified, bhyve's default mode for ``vgaconf`` will be used. Please
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refer to the
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`bhyve(8) <https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bhyve&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+12-current>`__
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manual page and the `bhyve wiki <https://wiki.freebsd.org/bhyve>`__ for more
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details on using the ``vgaconf`` option.
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:since:`Since 3.7.0`, it's possible to use ``autoport`` to let libvirt allocate
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VNC port automatically (instead of explicitly specifying it with the ``port``
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attribute):
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::
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<graphics type='vnc' autoport='yes'>
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:since:`Since 6.8.0`, it's possible to set framebuffer resolution using the
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``resolution`` sub-element:
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::
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<video>
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<model type='gop' heads='1' primary='yes'>
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<resolution x='800' y='600'/>
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</model>
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</video>
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:since:`Since 6.8.0`, VNC server can be configured to use password based
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authentication:
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::
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<graphics type='vnc' port='5904' passwd='foobar'>
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<listen type='address' address='127.0.0.1'/>
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</graphics>
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Note: VNC password authentication is known to be cryptographically weak.
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Additionally, the password is passed as a command line argument in clear text.
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Make sure you understand the risks associated with this feature before using it.
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Clock configuration
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Originally bhyve supported only localtime for RTC. Support for UTC time was
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introduced in `FreeBSD changeset
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r284894 <https://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/base/284894>`__ for *10-STABLE*
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and in `changeset r279225 <https://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/base/279225>`__
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for *-CURRENT*. It's possible to use this in libvirt :since:`since 1.2.18`,
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just place the following to domain XML:
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::
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<domain type="bhyve">
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...
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<clock offset='utc'/>
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...
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</domain>
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Please note that if you run the older bhyve version that doesn't support UTC
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time, you'll fail to start a domain. As UTC is used as a default when you do not
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specify clock settings, you'll need to explicitly specify 'localtime' in this
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case:
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::
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<domain type="bhyve">
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...
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<clock offset='localtime'/>
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...
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</domain>
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e1000 NIC
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~~~~~~~~~
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As of `FreeBSD changeset
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r302504 <https://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/base/302504>`__ bhyve supports
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Intel e1000 network adapter emulation. It's supported in libvirt
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:since:`since 3.1.0` and could be used as follows:
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::
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...
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<interface type='bridge'>
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<source bridge='virbr0'/>
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<model type='e1000'/>
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</interface>
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...
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Sound device
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~~~~~~~~~~~~
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As of `FreeBSD changeset
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r349355 <https://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/base/349355>`__ bhyve supports
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sound device emulation. It's supported in libvirt :since:`since 6.7.0`.
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::
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...
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<sound model='ich7'>
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<audio id='1'/>
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</sound>
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<audio id='1' type='oss'>
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<input dev='/dev/dsp0'/>
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<output dev='/dev/dsp0'/>
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</audio>
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...
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Here, the ``sound`` element specifies the sound device as it's exposed to the
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guest, with ``ich7`` being the only supported model now, and the ``audio``
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element specifies how the guest device is mapped to the host sound device.
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Virtio-9p filesystem
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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As of `FreeBSD changeset
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r366413 <https://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/base/366413>`__ bhyve supports
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sharing arbitrary directory tree between the guest and the host. It's supported
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in libvirt :since:`since 6.9.0`.
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::
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...
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<filesystem>
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<source dir='/shared/dir'/>
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<target dir='shared_dir'/>
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</filesystem>
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...
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This share could be made read only by adding the ``<readonly/>`` sub-element.
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In the Linux guest, this could be mounted using:
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::
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mount -t 9p shared_dir /mnt/shared_dir
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Wiring guest memory
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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:since:`Since 4.4.0`, it's possible to specify that guest memory should be
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wired and cannot be swapped out as follows:
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::
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|
|
<domain type="bhyve">
|
|
...
|
|
<memoryBacking>
|
|
<locked/>
|
|
</memoryBacking>
|
|
...
|
|
</domain>
|
|
|
|
CPU topology
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
:since:`Since 4.5.0`, it's possible to specify guest CPU topology, if bhyve
|
|
supports that. Support for specifying guest CPU topology was added to bhyve in
|
|
`FreeBSD changeset r332298 <https://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/base/332298>`__
|
|
for *-CURRENT*. Example:
|
|
|
|
::
|
|
|
|
<domain type="bhyve">
|
|
...
|
|
<cpu>
|
|
<topology sockets='1' cores='2' threads='1'/>
|
|
</cpu>
|
|
...
|
|
</domain>
|
|
|
|
Ignoring unknown MSRs reads and writes
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
:since:`Since 5.1.0`, it's possible to make bhyve ignore accesses to
|
|
unimplemented Model Specific Registers (MSRs). Example:
|
|
|
|
::
|
|
|
|
<domain type="bhyve">
|
|
...
|
|
<features>
|
|
...
|
|
<msrs unknown='ignore'/>
|
|
...
|
|
</features>
|
|
...
|
|
</domain>
|
|
|
|
Pass-through of arbitrary bhyve commands
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
:since:`Since 5.1.0`, it's possible to pass additional command-line arguments
|
|
to the bhyve process when starting the domain using the ``<bhyve:commandline>``
|
|
element under ``domain``. To supply an argument, use the element ``<bhyve:arg>``
|
|
with the attribute ``value`` set to additional argument to be added. The arg
|
|
element may be repeated multiple times. To use this XML addition, it is
|
|
necessary to issue an XML namespace request (the special ``xmlns:name``
|
|
attribute) that pulls in ``http://libvirt.org/schemas/domain/bhyve/1.0``;
|
|
typically, the namespace is given the name of ``bhyve``.
|
|
|
|
Example:
|
|
|
|
::
|
|
|
|
<domain type="bhyve" xmlns:bhyve="http://libvirt.org/schemas/domain/bhyve/1.0">
|
|
...
|
|
<bhyve:commandline>
|
|
<bhyve:arg value='-somebhyvearg'/>
|
|
</bhyve:commandline>
|
|
</domain>
|
|
|
|
Note that these extensions are for testing and development purposes only. They
|
|
are **unsupported**, using them may result in inconsistent state, and upgrading
|
|
either bhyve or libvirtd maybe break behavior of a domain that was relying on a
|
|
specific commands pass-through.
|