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dm-integrity stores checksums of the data written to an
LV, and returns an error if data read from the LV does
not match the previously saved checksum. When used on
raid images, dm-raid will correct the error by reading
the block from another image, and the device user sees
no error. The integrity metadata (checksums) are stored
on an internal LV allocated by lvm for each linear image.
The internal LV is allocated on the same PV as the image.
Create a raid LV with an integrity layer over each
raid image (for raid levels 1,4,5,6,10):
lvcreate --type raidN --raidintegrity y [options]
Add an integrity layer to images of an existing raid LV:
lvconvert --raidintegrity y LV
Remove the integrity layer from images of a raid LV:
lvconvert --raidintegrity n LV
Settings
Use --raidintegritymode journal|bitmap (journal is default)
to configure the method used by dm-integrity to ensure
crash consistency.
Initialization
When integrity is added to an LV, the kernel needs to
initialize the integrity metadata/checksums for all blocks
in the LV. The data corruption checking performed by
dm-integrity will only operate on areas of the LV that
are already initialized. The progress of integrity
initialization is reported by the "syncpercent" LV
reporting field (and under the Cpy%Sync lvs column.)
Example: create a raid1 LV with integrity:
$ lvcreate --type raid1 -m1 --raidintegrity y -n rr -L1G foo
Creating integrity metadata LV rr_rimage_0_imeta with size 12.00 MiB.
Logical volume "rr_rimage_0_imeta" created.
Creating integrity metadata LV rr_rimage_1_imeta with size 12.00 MiB.
Logical volume "rr_rimage_1_imeta" created.
Logical volume "rr" created.
$ lvs -a foo
LV VG Attr LSize Origin Cpy%Sync
rr foo rwi-a-r--- 1.00g 4.93
[rr_rimage_0] foo gwi-aor--- 1.00g [rr_rimage_0_iorig] 41.02
[rr_rimage_0_imeta] foo ewi-ao---- 12.00m
[rr_rimage_0_iorig] foo -wi-ao---- 1.00g
[rr_rimage_1] foo gwi-aor--- 1.00g [rr_rimage_1_iorig] 39.45
[rr_rimage_1_imeta] foo ewi-ao---- 12.00m
[rr_rimage_1_iorig] foo -wi-ao---- 1.00g
[rr_rmeta_0] foo ewi-aor--- 4.00m
[rr_rmeta_1] foo ewi-aor--- 4.00m
Since code is using -cdata and -cmeta UUID suffixes, it does not need
any new 'extra' ID to be generated and stored in metadata.
Since introduce of new 'segtype' cache+CACHE_USES_CACHEVOL we can
safely assume 'new' cache with cachevol will now be created
without extra metadata_id and data_id in metadata.
For backward compatibility, code still reads them in case older
version of metadata have them - so it still should be able
to activate such volumes.
Bonus is lowered size of lv structure used to store info about LV
(noticable with big volume groups).
A cachevol LV had the CACHE_VOL status flag in metadata,
and the cache LV using it had no new flag. This caused
problems if the new metadata was used by an old version
of lvm. An old version of lvm would have two problems
processing the new metadata:
. The old lvm would return an error when reading the VG
metadata when it saw the unknown CACHE_VOL status flag.
. The old lvm would return an error when reading the VG
metadata because it would not find an expected cache pool
attached to the cache LV (since the cache LV had a
cachevol attached instead.)
Change the use of flags:
. Change the CACHE_VOL flag to be a COMPATIBLE flag (instead
of a STATUS flag) so that old versions will not fail when
they see it.
. When a cache LV is using a cachevol, the cache LV gets
a new SEGTYPE flag CACHE_USES_CACHEVOL. This flag is
appended to the segtype name, so that old lvm versions
will fail to use the LV because of an unknown segtype,
as opposed to failing to read the VG.
- use internal CACHE_VOL flag on cachevol LV
- add suffixes to dm uuids for internal LVs
- display appropriate letters in the LV attr field
- display writecache's cachevol in lvs output
. For dm-cache in writethrough, always allow splitcache,
whether the cache is missing PVs or not.
. For dm-cache in writeback, if the cache is missing PVs,
allow splitcache with force and yes.
. For dm-writecache, if the cache is missing PVs,
allow splitcache with force and yes.
When an online PV completed a VG, the standard
activation functions were used to activate the VG.
These functions use a full scan of all devs.
When many pvscans are run during startup and need
to activate many VGs, scanning all devs from all
the pvscans can take a long time.
Optimize VG activation in pvscan to scan only the
devs in the VG being activated. This makes use of
the online file info that was used to determine
the VG was complete.
The downside of this approach is that pvscan activation
will not detect duplicate PVs and block activation,
where a normal activation command (which scans all
devices) would.
Avoid having PVs with different logical block sizes in the same VG.
This prevents LVs from having mixed block sizes, which can produce
file system errors.
The new config setting devices/allow_mixed_block_sizes (default 0)
can be changed to 1 to return to the unrestricted mode.
The exported VG checking/enforcement was scattered and
inconsistent. This centralizes it and makes it consistent,
following the existing approach for foreign and shared
VGs/PVs, which are very similar to exported VGs/PVs.
The access policy that now applies to foreign/shared/exported
VGs/PVs, is that if a foreign/shared/exported VG/PV is named
on the command line (i.e. explicitly requested by the user),
and the command is not permitted to operate on it because it
is foreign/shared/exported, then an access error is reported
and the command exits with an error. But, if the command is
processing all VGs/PVs, and happens to come across a
foreign/shared/exported VG/PV (that is not explicitly named on
the command line), then the command silently skips it and does
not produce an error.
A command using tags or --select handles inaccessible VGs/PVs
the same way as a command processing all VGs/PVs, and will
not report/return errors if these inaccessible VGs/PVs exist.
The new policy fixes the exit codes on a somewhat random set of
commands that previously exited with an error if they were
looking at all VGs/PVs and an exported VG existed on the system.
There should be no change to which commands are allowed/disallowed
on exported VGs/PVs.
Certain LV commands (lvs/lvdisplay/lvscan) would previously not
display LVs from an exported VG (for unknown reasons). This has
not changed. The lvm fullreport command would previously report
info about an exported VG but not about the LVs in it. This
has changed to include all info from the exported VG.
When vg_read rescans devices with the intention of
writing the VG, the label rescan can open the devs
RW so they do not need to be closed and reopened
RW in dev_write_bytes.
The fact that vg repair is implemented as a part of vg read
has led to a messy and complicated implementation of vg_read,
and limited and uncontrolled repair capability. This splits
read and repair apart.
Summary
-------
- take all kinds of various repairs out of vg_read
- vg_read no longer writes anything
- vg_read now simply reads and returns vg metadata
- vg_read ignores bad or old copies of metadata
- vg_read proceeds with a single good copy of metadata
- improve error checks and handling when reading
- keep track of bad (corrupt) copies of metadata in lvmcache
- keep track of old (seqno) copies of metadata in lvmcache
- keep track of outdated PVs in lvmcache
- vg_write will do basic repairs
- new command vgck --updatemetdata will do all repairs
Details
-------
- In scan, do not delete dev from lvmcache if reading/processing fails;
the dev is still present, and removing it makes it look like the dev
is not there. Records are now kept about the problems with each PV
so they be fixed/repaired in the appropriate places.
- In scan, record a bad mda on failure, and delete the mda from
mda in use list so it will not be used by vg_read or vg_write,
only by repair.
- In scan, succeed if any good mda on a device is found, instead of
failing if any is bad. The bad/old copies of metadata should not
interfere with normal usage while good copies can be used.
- In scan, add a record of old mdas in lvmcache for later, do not repair
them while reading, and do not let them prevent us from finding and
using a good copy of metadata from elsewhere. One result is that
"inconsistent metadata" is no longer a read error, but instead a
record in lvmcache that can be addressed separate from the read.
- Treat a dev with no good mdas like a dev with no mdas, which is an
existing case we already handle.
- Don't use a fake vg "handle" for returning an error from vg_read,
or the vg_read_error function for getting that error number;
just return null if the vg cannot be read or used, and an error_flags
arg with flags set for the specific kind of error (which can be used
later for determining the kind of repair.)
- Saving an original copy of the vg metadata, for purposes of reverting
a write, is now done explicitly in vg_read instead of being hidden in
the vg_make_handle function.
- When a vg is not accessible due to "access restrictions" but is
otherwise fine, return the vg through the new error_vg arg so that
process_each_pv can skip the PVs in the VG while processing.
(This is a temporary accomodation for the way process_each_pv
tracks which devs have been looked at, and can be dropped later
when process_each_pv implementation dev tracking is changed.)
- vg_read does not try to fix or recover a vg, but now just reads the
metadata, checks access restrictions and returns it.
(Checking access restrictions might be better done outside of vg_read,
but this is a later improvement.)
- _vg_read now simply makes one attempt to read metadata from
each mda, and uses the most recent copy to return to the caller
in the form of a 'vg' struct.
(bad mdas were excluded during the scan and are not retried)
(old mdas were not excluded during scan and are retried here)
- vg_read uses _vg_read to get the latest copy of metadata from mdas,
and then makes various checks against it to produce warnings,
and to check if VG access is allowed (access restrictions include:
writable, foreign, shared, clustered, missing pvs).
- Things that were previously silently/automatically written by vg_read
that are now done by vg_write, based on the records made in lvmcache
during the scan and read:
. clearing the missing flag
. updating old copies of metadata
. clearing outdated pvs
. updating pv header flags
- Bad/corrupt metadata are now repaired; they were not before.
Test changes
------------
- A read command no longer writes the VG to repair it, so add a write
command to do a repair.
(inconsistent-metadata, unlost-pv)
- When a missing PV is removed from a VG, and then the device is
enabled again, vgck --updatemetadata is needed to clear the
outdated PV before it can be used again, where it wasn't before.
(lvconvert-repair-policy, lvconvert-repair-raid, lvconvert-repair,
mirror-vgreduce-removemissing, pv-ext-flags, unlost-pv)
Reading bad/old metadata
------------------------
- "bad metadata": the mda_header or metadata text has invalid fields
or can't be parsed by lvm. This is a form of corruption that would
not be caused by known failure scenarios. A checksum error is
typically included among the errors reported.
- "old metadata": a valid copy of the metadata that has a smaller seqno
than other copies of the metadata. This can happen if the device
failed, or io failed, or lvm failed while commiting new metadata
to all the metadata areas. Old metadata on a PV that has been
removed from the VG is the "outdated" case below.
When a VG has some PVs with bad/old metadata, lvm can simply ignore
the bad/old copies, and use a good copy. This is why there are
multiple copies of the metadata -- so it's available even when some
of the copies cannot be used. The bad/old copies do not have to be
repaired before the VG can be used (the repair can happen later.)
A PV with no good copies of the metadata simply falls back to being
treated like a PV with no mdas; a common and harmless configuration.
When bad/old metadata exists, lvm warns the user about it, and
suggests repairing it using a new metadata repair command.
Bad metadata in particular is something that users will want to
investigate and repair themselves, since it should not happen and
may indicate some other problem that needs to be fixed.
PVs with bad/old metadata are not the same as missing devices.
Missing devices will block various kinds of VG modification or
activation, but bad/old metadata will not.
Previously, lvm would attempt to repair bad/old metadata whenever
it was read. This was unnecessary since lvm does not require every
copy of the metadata to be used. It would also hide potential
problems that should be investigated by the user. It was also
dangerous in cases where the VG was on shared storage. The user
is now allowed to investigate potential problems and decide how
and when to repair them.
Repairing bad/old metadata
--------------------------
When label scan sees bad metadata in an mda, that mda is removed
from the lvmcache info->mdas list. This means that vg_read will
skip it, and not attempt to read/process it again. If it was
the only in-use mda on a PV, that PV is treated like a PV with
no mdas. It also means that vg_write will also skip the bad mda,
and not attempt to write new metadata to it. The only way to
repair bad metadata is with the metadata repair command.
When label scan sees old metadata in an mda, that mda is kept
in the lvmcache info->mdas list. This means that vg_read will
read/process it again, and likely see the same mismatch with
the other copies of the metadata. Like the label_scan, the
vg_read will simply ignore the old copy of the metadata and
use the latest copy. If the command is modifying the vg
(e.g. lvcreate), then vg_write, which writes new metadata to
every mda on info->mdas, will write the new metadata to the
mda that had the old version. If successful, this will resolve
the old metadata problem (without needing to run a metadata
repair command.)
Outdated PVs
------------
An outdated PV is a PV that has an old copy of VG metadata
that shows it is a member of the VG, but the latest copy of
the VG metadata does not include this PV. This happens if
the PV is disconnected, vgreduce --removemissing is run to
remove the PV from the VG, then the PV is reconnected.
In this case, the outdated PV needs have its outdated metadata
removed and the PV used flag needs to be cleared. This repair
will be done by the subsequent repair command. It is also done
if vgremove is run on the VG.
MISSING PVs
-----------
When a device is missing, most commands will refuse to modify
the VG. This is the simple case. More complicated is when
a command is allowed to modify the VG while it is missing a
device.
When a VG is written while a device is missing for one of it's PVs,
the VG metadata is written to disk with the MISSING flag on the PV
with the missing device. When the VG is next used, it is treated
as if the PV with the MISSING flag still has a missing device, even
if that device has reappeared.
If all LVs that were using a PV with the MISSING flag are removed
or repaired so that the MISSING PV is no longer used, then the
next time the VG metadata is written, the MISSING flag will be
dropped.
Alternative methods of clearing the MISSING flag are:
vgreduce --removemissing will remove PVs with missing devices,
or PVs with the MISSING flag where the device has reappeared.
vgextend --restoremissing will clear the MISSING flag on PVs
where the device has reappeared, allowing the VG to be used
normally. This must be done with caution since the reappeared
device may have old data that is inconsistent with data on other PVs.
Bad mda repair
--------------
The new command:
vgck --updatemetadata VG
first uses vg_write to repair old metadata, and other basic
issues mentioned above (old metadata, outdated PVs, pv_header
flags, MISSING_PV flags). It will also go further and repair
bad metadata:
. text metadata that has a bad checksum
. text metadata that is not parsable
. corrupt mda_header checksum and version fields
(To keep a clean diff, #if 0 is added around functions that
are replaced by new code. These commented functions are
removed by the following commit.)
uses vg_write to correct more common or less severe issues,
and also adds the ability to repair some metadata corruption
that couldn't be handled previously.
There have been two file locks used to protect lvm
"global state": "ORPHANS" and "GLOBAL".
Commands that used the ORPHAN flock in exclusive mode:
pvcreate, pvremove, vgcreate, vgextend, vgremove,
vgcfgrestore
Commands that used the ORPHAN flock in shared mode:
vgimportclone, pvs, pvscan, pvresize, pvmove,
pvdisplay, pvchange, fullreport
Commands that used the GLOBAL flock in exclusive mode:
pvchange, pvscan, vgimportclone, vgscan
Commands that used the GLOBAL flock in shared mode:
pvscan --cache, pvs
The ORPHAN lock covers the important cases of serializing
the use of orphan PVs. It also partially covers the
reporting of orphan PVs (although not correctly as
explained below.)
The GLOBAL lock doesn't seem to have a clear purpose
(it may have eroded over time.)
Neither lock correctly protects the VG namespace, or
orphan PV properties.
To simplify and correct these issues, the two separate
flocks are combined into the one GLOBAL flock, and this flock
is used from the locking sites that are in place for the
lvmlockd global lock.
The logic behind the lvmlockd (distributed) global lock is
that any command that changes "global state" needs to take
the global lock in ex mode. Global state in lvm is: the list
of VG names, the set of orphan PVs, and any properties of
orphan PVs. Reading this global state can use the global lock
in sh mode to ensure it doesn't change while being reported.
The locking of global state now looks like:
lockd_global()
previously named lockd_gl(), acquires the distributed
global lock through lvmlockd. This is unchanged.
It serializes distributed lvm commands that are changing
global state. This is a no-op when lvmlockd is not in use.
lockf_global()
acquires an flock on a local file. It serializes local lvm
commands that are changing global state.
lock_global()
first calls lockf_global() to acquire the local flock for
global state, and if this succeeds, it calls lockd_global()
to acquire the distributed lock for global state.
Replace instances of lockd_gl() with lock_global(), so that the
existing sites for lvmlockd global state locking are now also
used for local file locking of global state. Remove the previous
file locking calls lock_vol(GLOBAL) and lock_vol(ORPHAN).
The following commands which change global state are now
serialized with the exclusive global flock:
pvchange (of orphan), pvresize (of orphan), pvcreate, pvremove,
vgcreate, vgextend, vgremove, vgreduce, vgrename,
vgcfgrestore, vgimportclone, vgmerge, vgsplit
Commands that use a shared flock to read global state (and will
be serialized against the prior list) are those that use
process_each functions that are based on processing a list of
all VG names, or all PVs. The list of all VGs or all PVs is
global state and the shared lock prevents those lists from
changing while the command is processing them.
The ORPHAN lock previously attempted to produce an accurate
listing of orphan PVs, but it was only acquired at the end of
the command during the fake vg_read of the fake orphan vg.
This is not when orphan PVs were determined; they were
determined by elimination beforehand by processing all real
VGs, and subtracting the PVs in the real VGs from the list
of all PVs that had been identified during the initial scan.
This is fixed by holding the single global lock in shared mode
while processing all VGs to determine the list of orphan PVs.
When lvextend extends an LV that is active with a shared
lock, use this as a signal that other hosts may also have
the LV active, with gfs2 mounted, and should have the LV
refreshed to reflect the new size. Use the libdlmcontrol
run api, which uses dlm_controld/corosync to run an
lvchange --refresh command on other cluster nodes.
Activation would not be allowed anyway, but we can
check for these cases early and avoid wasted time in
pvscan managing online files an attempting activation.
and "cachepool" to refer to a cache on a cache pool object.
The problem was that the --cachepool option was being used
to refer to both a cache pool object, and to a standard LV
used for caching. This could be somewhat confusing, and it
made it less clear when each kind would be used. By
separating them, it's clear when a cachepool or a cachevol
should be used.
Previously:
- lvm would use the cache pool approach when the user passed
a cache-pool LV to the --cachepool option.
- lvm would use the cache vol approach when the user passed
a standard LV in the --cachepool option.
Now:
- lvm will always use the cache pool approach when the user
uses the --cachepool option.
- lvm will always use the cache vol approach when the user
uses the --cachevol option.
There's a small window during creation of a new RaidLV when
rmeta SubLVs are made visible to wipe them in order to prevent
erroneous discovery of stale RAID metadata. In case a crash
prevents the SubLVs from being committed hidden after such
wiping, the RaidLV can still be activated with the SubLVs visible.
During deactivation though, a deadlock occurs because the visible
SubLVs are deactivated before the RaidLV.
The patch adds _check_raid_sublvs to the raid validation in merge.c,
an activation check to activate.c (paranoid, because the merge.c check
will prevent activation in case of visible SubLVs) and shares the
existing wiping function _clear_lvs in raid_manip.c moved to lv_manip.c
and renamed to activate_and_wipe_lvlist to remove code duplication.
Whilst on it, introduce activate_and_wipe_lv to share with
(lvconvert|lvchange).c.
Resolves: rhbz1633167
. When using default settings, this commit should change
nothing. The first PE continues to be placed at 1 MiB
resulting in a metadata area size of 1020 KiB (for
4K page sizes; slightly smaller for larger page sizes.)
. When default_data_alignment is disabled in lvm.conf,
align pe_start at 1 MiB, based on a default metadata area
size that adapts to the page size. Previously, disabling
this option would result in mda_size that was too small
for common use, and produced a 64 KiB aligned pe_start.
. Customized pe_start and mda_size values continue to be
set as before in lvm.conf and command line.
. Remove the configure option for setting default_data_alignment
at build time.
. Improve alignment related option descriptions.
. Add section about alignment to pvcreate man page.
Previously, DEFAULT_PVMETADATASIZE was 255 sectors.
However, the fact that the config setting named
"default_data_alignment" has a default value of 1 (MiB)
meant that DEFAULT_PVMETADATASIZE was having no effect.
The metadata area size is the space between the start of
the metadata area (page size offset from the start of the
device) and the first PE (1 MiB by default due to
default_data_alignment 1.) The result is a 1020 KiB metadata
area on machines with 4KiB page size (1024 KiB - 4 KiB),
and smaller on machines with larger page size.
If default_data_alignment was set to 0 (disabled), then
DEFAULT_PVMETADATASIZE 255 would take effect, and produce a
metadata area that was 188 KiB and pe_start of 192 KiB.
This was too small for common use.
This is fixed by making the default metadata area size a
computed value that matches the value produced by
default_data_alignment.
If a single, standard LV is specified as the cache, use
it directly instead of converting it into a cache-pool
object with two separate LVs (for data and metadata).
With a single LV as the cache, lvm will use blocks at the
beginning for metadata, and the rest for data. Separate
dm linear devices are set up to point at the metadata and
data areas of the LV. These dm devs are given to the
dm-cache target to use.
The single LV cache cannot be resized without recreating it.
If the --poolmetadata option is used to specify an LV for
metadata, then a cache pool will be created (with separate
LVs for data and metadata.)
Usage:
$ lvcreate -n main -L 128M vg /dev/loop0
$ lvcreate -n fast -L 64M vg /dev/loop1
$ lvs -a vg
LV VG Attr LSize Type Devices
main vg -wi-a----- 128.00m linear /dev/loop0(0)
fast vg -wi-a----- 64.00m linear /dev/loop1(0)
$ lvconvert --type cache --cachepool fast vg/main
$ lvs -a vg
LV VG Attr LSize Origin Pool Type Devices
[fast] vg Cwi---C--- 64.00m linear /dev/loop1(0)
main vg Cwi---C--- 128.00m [main_corig] [fast] cache main_corig(0)
[main_corig] vg owi---C--- 128.00m linear /dev/loop0(0)
$ lvchange -ay vg/main
$ dmsetup ls
vg-fast_cdata (253:4)
vg-fast_cmeta (253:5)
vg-main_corig (253:6)
vg-main (253:24)
vg-fast (253:3)
$ dmsetup table
vg-fast_cdata: 0 98304 linear 253:3 32768
vg-fast_cmeta: 0 32768 linear 253:3 0
vg-main_corig: 0 262144 linear 7:0 2048
vg-main: 0 262144 cache 253:5 253:4 253:6 128 2 metadata2 writethrough mq 0
vg-fast: 0 131072 linear 7:1 2048
$ lvchange -an vg/min
$ lvconvert --splitcache vg/main
$ lvs -a vg
LV VG Attr LSize Type Devices
fast vg -wi------- 64.00m linear /dev/loop1(0)
main vg -wi------- 128.00m linear /dev/loop0(0)
vgreduce, vgremove and vgcfgrestore were acquiring
the orphan lock in the midst of command processing
instead of at the start of the command. (The orphan
lock moved to being acquired at the start of the
command back when pvcreate/vgcreate/vgextend were
reworked based on pvcreate_each_device.)
vgsplit also needed a small update to avoid reacquiring
a VG lock that it already held (for the new VG name).
A few places were calling a function to check if a
VG lock was held. The only place it was actually
needed is for pvcreate which wants to do its own
locking (and scanning) around process_each_pv.
The locking/scanning exceptions for pvcreate in
process_each_pv/vg_read can be enabled by just passing
a couple of flags instead of checking if the VG is
already locked. This also means that these special
cases won't be enabled unknowingly in other places
where they shouldn't be used.
When the lvmlockd lock is shared, upgrade it to ex
when repair (writing) is needed during vg_read.
Pass the lockd state through additional read-related
functions so the instances of repair scattered through
vg_read can be handled.
(Temporary solution until the ad hoc repairs can be
pulled out of vg_read into a top level, centralized
repair function.)
As we start refactoring the code to break dependencies (see doc/refactoring.txt),
I want us to use full paths in the includes (eg, #include "base/data-struct/list.h").
This makes it more obvious when we're breaking abstraction boundaries, eg, including a file in
metadata/ from base/
Filters are still applied before any device reading or
the label scan, but any filter checks that want to read
the device are skipped and the device is flagged.
After bcache is populated, but before lvm looks for
devices (i.e. before label scan), the filters are
reapplied to the devices that were flagged above.
The filters will then find the data they need in
bcache.
There are likely more bits of code that can be removed,
e.g. lvm1/pool-specific bits of code that were identified
using FMT flags.
The vgconvert command can likely be reduced further.
The lvm1-specific config settings should probably have
some other fields set for proper deprecation.
When clvmd does a full label scan just prior to
calling _vg_read(), pass a new flag into _vg_read
to indicate that the normal rescan of VG devs is
not needed.
New label_scan function populates bcache for each device
on the system.
The two read paths are updated to get data from bcache.
The bcache is not yet used for writing. bcache blocks
for a device are invalidated when the device is written.
