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The LVM devices file lists devices that lvm can use. The default
file is /etc/lvm/devices/system.devices, and the lvmdevices(8)
command is used to add or remove device entries. If the file
does not exist, or if lvm.conf includes use_devicesfile=0, then
lvm will not use a devices file. When the devices file is in use,
the regex filter is not used, and the filter settings in lvm.conf
or on the command line are ignored.
LVM records devices in the devices file using hardware-specific
IDs, such as the WWID, and attempts to use subsystem-specific
IDs for virtual device types. These device IDs are also written
in the VG metadata. When no hardware or virtual ID is available,
lvm falls back using the unstable device name as the device ID.
When devnames are used, lvm performs extra scanning to find
devices if their devname changes, e.g. after reboot.
When proper device IDs are used, an lvm command will not look
at devices outside the devices file, but when devnames are used
as a fallback, lvm will scan devices outside the devices file
to locate PVs on renamed devices. A config setting
search_for_devnames can be used to control the scanning for
renamed devname entries.
Related to the devices file, the new command option
--devices <devnames> allows a list of devices to be specified for
the command to use, overriding the devices file. The listed
devices act as a sort of devices file in terms of limiting which
devices lvm will see and use. Devices that are not listed will
appear to be missing to the lvm command.
Multiple devices files can be kept in /etc/lvm/devices, which
allows lvm to be used with different sets of devices, e.g.
system devices do not need to be exposed to a specific application,
and the application can use lvm on its own set of devices that are
not exposed to the system. The option --devicesfile <filename> is
used to select the devices file to use with the command. Without
the option set, the default system devices file is used.
Setting --devicesfile "" causes lvm to not use a devices file.
An existing, empty devices file means lvm will see no devices.
The new command vgimportdevices adds PVs from a VG to the devices
file and updates the VG metadata to include the device IDs.
vgimportdevices -a will import all VGs into the system devices file.
LVM commands run by dmeventd not use a devices file by default,
and will look at all devices on the system. A devices file can
be created for dmeventd (/etc/lvm/devices/dmeventd.devices) If
this file exists, lvm commands run by dmeventd will use it.
Internal implementaion:
- device_ids_read - read the devices file
. add struct dev_use (du) to cmd->use_devices for each devices file entry
- dev_cache_scan - get /dev entries
. add struct device (dev) to dev_cache for each device on the system
- device_ids_match - match devices file entries to /dev entries
. match each du on cmd->use_devices to a dev in dev_cache, using device ID
. on match, set du->dev, dev->id, dev->flags MATCHED_USE_ID
- label_scan - read lvm headers and metadata from devices
. filters are applied, those that do not need data from the device
. filter-deviceid skips devs without MATCHED_USE_ID, i.e.
skips /dev entries that are not listed in the devices file
. read lvm label from dev
. filters are applied, those that use data from the device
. read lvm metadata from dev
. add info/vginfo structs for PVs/VGs (info is "lvmcache")
- device_ids_find_renamed_devs - handle devices with unstable devname ID
where devname changed
. this step only needed when devs do not have proper device IDs,
and their dev names change, e.g. after reboot sdb becomes sdc.
. detect incorrect match because PVID in the devices file entry
does not match the PVID found when the device was read above
. undo incorrect match between du and dev above
. search system devices for new location of PVID
. update devices file with new devnames for PVIDs on renamed devices
. label_scan the renamed devs
- continue with command processing
User use 'lvconvert -Zn --type vdo-pool' to convert an existing
vdo formated volume and skip lvm2 internal formating.
This however requires user is passing proper matching parameters.
For them user can use --profile|--metadataprofile option whos
support has been also enhanced.
TODO: add support to read values directly from formated volume.
The args for pvcreate/pvremove (and vgcreate/vgextend
when applicable) were not efficiently opened, scanned,
and filtered. This change reorganizes the opening
and filtering in the following steps:
- label scan and filter all devs
. open ro
. standard label scan at the start of command
- label scan and filter dev args
. open ro
. uses full md component check
. typically the first scan and filter of pvcreate devs
- close and reopen dev args
. open rw and excl
- repeat label scan and filter dev args
. using reopened rw excl fd
- wipe and write new headers
. using reopened rw excl fd
cmd context has 'threaded' value that used be set
by clvmd - and allowed proper memory locking management.
Reuse same bit for dmeventd.
Since dmeventd is using 300KiB stack per thread,
we will ignore any user settings for allocation/reserved_stack
until some better solution is find.
This avoids crashing of dmevend when user changes this value
and because in most cases lvm2 should work ok with 64K stack
size, this change should not cause any problems.
LVM2 is distributed under GPLv2 only. The readline library changed its
license long ago to GPLv3. Given that those licenses are incompatible
and you follow the FSF in their interpretation that dynamically linking
creates a derivative work, distributing LVM2 linked against a current
readline version might be legally problematic.
Add support for the BSD licensed editline library as an alternative for
readline.
Link: https://thrysoee.dk/editline
To create a new cache or writecache LV with a single command:
lvcreate --type cache|writecache
-n Name -L Size --cachedevice PVfast VG [PVslow ...]
- A new main linear|striped LV is created as usual, using the
specified -n Name and -L Size, and using the optionally
specified PVslow devices.
- Then, a new cachevol LV is created internally, using PVfast
specified by the cachedevice option.
- Then, the cachevol is attached to the main LV, converting the
main LV to type cache|writecache.
Include --cachesize Size to specify the size of cache|writecache
to create from the specified --cachedevice PVs, otherwise the
entire cachedevice PV is used. The --cachedevice option can be
repeated to create the cache from multiple devices, or the
cachedevice option can contain a tag name specifying a set of PVs
to allocate the cache from.
To create a new cache or writecache LV with a single command
using an existing cachevol LV:
lvcreate --type cache|writecache
-n Name -L Size --cachevol LVfast VG [PVslow ...]
- A new main linear|striped LV is created as usual, using the
specified -n Name and -L Size, and using the optionally
specified PVslow devices.
- Then, the cachevol LVfast is attached to the main LV, converting
the main LV to type cache|writecache.
In cases where more advanced types (for the main LV or cachevol LV)
are needed, they should be created independently and then combined
with lvconvert.
Example
-------
user creates a new VG with one slow device and one fast device:
$ vgcreate vg /dev/slow1 /dev/fast1
user creates a new 8G main LV on /dev/slow1 that uses all of
/dev/fast1 as a writecache:
$ lvcreate --type writecache --cachedevice /dev/fast1
-n main -L 8G vg /dev/slow1
Example
-------
user creates a new VG with two slow devs and two fast devs:
$ vgcreate vg /dev/slow1 /dev/slow2 /dev/fast1 /dev/fast2
user creates a new 8G main LV on /dev/slow1 and /dev/slow2
that uses all of /dev/fast1 and /dev/fast2 as a writecache:
$ lvcreate --type writecache --cachedevice /dev/fast1 --cachedevice /dev/fast2
-n main -L 8G vg /dev/slow1 /dev/slow2
Example
-------
A user has several slow devices and several fast devices in their VG,
the slow devs have tag @slow, the fast devs have tag @fast.
user creates a new 8G main LV on the slow devs with a
2G writecache on the fast devs:
$ lvcreate --type writecache -n main -L 8G
--cachedevice @fast --cachesize 2G vg @slow
To add a cache or writecache to a main LV with a single command:
lvconvert --type cache|writecache --cachedevice /dev/ssd vg/main
A cachevol LV will be allocated from the specified cache device,
then attached to the main LV. Include --cachesize to specify the
size of cachevol to create, otherwise the entire cachedevice is
used. The cachedevice option can be repeated to create a cachevol
from multiple devices.
Example
-------
A user has an existing main LV that they want to speed up
using a new ssd.
user adds the new ssd to the VG:
$ vgextend vg /dev/ssd
user attaches the new ssd their main LV:
$ lvconvert --type writecache --cachedevice /dev/ssd vg/main
Example
-------
A user has two existing main LVs that they want to speed up
with a new ssd.
user adds the new 16G ssd to the VG:
$ vgextend vg /dev/ssd
user attaches some of the new ssd to the first main LV,
using half of the space:
$ lvconvert --type writecache --cachedevice /dev/ssd
--cachesize 8G vg/main1
user attaches some of the new ssd to the second main LV,
using the other half of the space:
$ lvconvert --type writecache --cachedevice /dev/ssd
--cachesize 8G vg/main2
Example
-------
A user has an existing main LV that they want to speed up using
two new ssds.
user adds the new two ssds the VG:
$ vgextend vg /dev/ssd1
$ vgextend vg /dev/ssd2
user attaches both ssds their main LV:
$ lvconvert --type writecache
--cachedevice /dev/ssd1 --cachedevice /dev/ssd2 vg/main
pvck --dump headers reads the metadata text area
to compute the text metadata checksum to compare
with the mda_header checksum.
The new header_only will skip reading the metadata
text and not validate the mda_header checksum.
dm-integrity stores checksums of the data written to an
LV, and returns an error if data read from the LV does
not match the previously saved checksum. When used on
raid images, dm-raid will correct the error by reading
the block from another image, and the device user sees
no error. The integrity metadata (checksums) are stored
on an internal LV allocated by lvm for each linear image.
The internal LV is allocated on the same PV as the image.
Create a raid LV with an integrity layer over each
raid image (for raid levels 1,4,5,6,10):
lvcreate --type raidN --raidintegrity y [options]
Add an integrity layer to images of an existing raid LV:
lvconvert --raidintegrity y LV
Remove the integrity layer from images of a raid LV:
lvconvert --raidintegrity n LV
Settings
Use --raidintegritymode journal|bitmap (journal is default)
to configure the method used by dm-integrity to ensure
crash consistency.
Initialization
When integrity is added to an LV, the kernel needs to
initialize the integrity metadata/checksums for all blocks
in the LV. The data corruption checking performed by
dm-integrity will only operate on areas of the LV that
are already initialized. The progress of integrity
initialization is reported by the "syncpercent" LV
reporting field (and under the Cpy%Sync lvs column.)
Example: create a raid1 LV with integrity:
$ lvcreate --type raid1 -m1 --raidintegrity y -n rr -L1G foo
Creating integrity metadata LV rr_rimage_0_imeta with size 12.00 MiB.
Logical volume "rr_rimage_0_imeta" created.
Creating integrity metadata LV rr_rimage_1_imeta with size 12.00 MiB.
Logical volume "rr_rimage_1_imeta" created.
Logical volume "rr" created.
$ lvs -a foo
LV VG Attr LSize Origin Cpy%Sync
rr foo rwi-a-r--- 1.00g 4.93
[rr_rimage_0] foo gwi-aor--- 1.00g [rr_rimage_0_iorig] 41.02
[rr_rimage_0_imeta] foo ewi-ao---- 12.00m
[rr_rimage_0_iorig] foo -wi-ao---- 1.00g
[rr_rimage_1] foo gwi-aor--- 1.00g [rr_rimage_1_iorig] 39.45
[rr_rimage_1_imeta] foo ewi-ao---- 12.00m
[rr_rimage_1_iorig] foo -wi-ao---- 1.00g
[rr_rmeta_0] foo ewi-aor--- 4.00m
[rr_rmeta_1] foo ewi-aor--- 4.00m
To write a new/repaired pv_header and label_header:
pvck --repairtype pv_header --file <file> <device>
This uses the metadata input file to find the PV UUID,
device size, and data offset.
To write new/repaired metadata text and mda_header:
pvck --repairtype metadata --file <file> <device>
This requires a good pv_header which points to one or two
metadata areas. Any metadata areas referenced by the
pv_header are updated with the specified metadata and
a new mda_header. "--settings mda_num=1|2" can be used
to select one mda to repair.
To combine all header and metadata repairs:
pvck --repair --file <file> <device>
It's best to use a raw metadata file as input, that was
extracted from another PV in the same VG (or from another
metadata area on the same PV.) pvck will also accept a
metadata backup file, but that will produce metadata that
is not identical to other metadata copies on other PVs
and other areas. So, when using a backup file, consider
using it to update metadata on all PVs/areas.
To get a raw metadata file to use for the repair, see
pvck --dump metadata|metadata_search.
List all instances of metadata from the metadata area:
pvck --dump metadata_search <device>
Save one instance of metadata at the given offset to
the specified file (this file can be used for repair):
pvck --dump metadata_search --file <file>
--settings "metadata_offset=<off>" <device>
When a user includes "--type foo" in a command, only
look at command definitions with matching type, as
opposed to using matching/mismatching --type as a
vote for/against a given command def. This means a
command with --type foo will prioritize a command def
with --type foo over other command defs that have
more matching options but an unmatching type. This
makes it more likely that a closely matching command
def will be recommended.
Avoid having PVs with different logical block sizes in the same VG.
This prevents LVs from having mixed block sizes, which can produce
file system errors.
The new config setting devices/allow_mixed_block_sizes (default 0)
can be changed to 1 to return to the unrestricted mode.
The exported VG checking/enforcement was scattered and
inconsistent. This centralizes it and makes it consistent,
following the existing approach for foreign and shared
VGs/PVs, which are very similar to exported VGs/PVs.
The access policy that now applies to foreign/shared/exported
VGs/PVs, is that if a foreign/shared/exported VG/PV is named
on the command line (i.e. explicitly requested by the user),
and the command is not permitted to operate on it because it
is foreign/shared/exported, then an access error is reported
and the command exits with an error. But, if the command is
processing all VGs/PVs, and happens to come across a
foreign/shared/exported VG/PV (that is not explicitly named on
the command line), then the command silently skips it and does
not produce an error.
A command using tags or --select handles inaccessible VGs/PVs
the same way as a command processing all VGs/PVs, and will
not report/return errors if these inaccessible VGs/PVs exist.
The new policy fixes the exit codes on a somewhat random set of
commands that previously exited with an error if they were
looking at all VGs/PVs and an exported VG existed on the system.
There should be no change to which commands are allowed/disallowed
on exported VGs/PVs.
Certain LV commands (lvs/lvdisplay/lvscan) would previously not
display LVs from an exported VG (for unknown reasons). This has
not changed. The lvm fullreport command would previously report
info about an exported VG but not about the LVs in it. This
has changed to include all info from the exported VG.
The -a was being included in the set of "one or more"
options instead of an actual required option. Even
though the cmd def was not implementing the restrictions
correctly, the command internally was.
Adjust the cmd def code which did not support a command
with some real required options and a set of "one or more"
options.
These two flags may be not reset at the end of
the command when the unlock is implicit, which
is a problem if the cmd struct is reused.
Clear the flags in the general fin_locking.
If udev info is missing for a device, (which would indicate
if it's an MD component), then do an end-of-device read to
check if a PV is an MD component. (This is skipped when
using hints since we already know devs in hints are good.)
A new config setting md_component_checks can be used to
disable the additional end-of-device MD checks, or to
always enable end-of-device MD checks.
When both hints and udev info are disabled/unavailable,
the end of PVs will now be scanned by default. If md
devices with end-of-device superblocks are not being
used, the extra I/O overhead can be avoided by setting
md_component_checks="start".
and "cachepool" to refer to a cache on a cache pool object.
The problem was that the --cachepool option was being used
to refer to both a cache pool object, and to a standard LV
used for caching. This could be somewhat confusing, and it
made it less clear when each kind would be used. By
separating them, it's clear when a cachepool or a cachevol
should be used.
Previously:
- lvm would use the cache pool approach when the user passed
a cache-pool LV to the --cachepool option.
- lvm would use the cache vol approach when the user passed
a standard LV in the --cachepool option.
Now:
- lvm will always use the cache pool approach when the user
uses the --cachepool option.
- lvm will always use the cache vol approach when the user
uses the --cachevol option.
Without this, the output from different commands in a single
log file could not be separated.
Change the default "indent" setting to 0 so that the default
debug output does not include variable spaces in the middle
of debug lines.
Save the list of PVs in /run/lvm/hints. These hints
are used to reduce scanning in a number of commands
to only the PVs on the system, or only the PVs in a
requested VG (rather than all devices on the system.)
This fixes a problem in commit e6bb780d24, in which the
back compat handling for the old locking_type=4 was
incorrectly translated to mean the same thing as --readonly,
which prevented activation because activation uses an
exclusive vg lock. Previously, locking_type=4 allowed
activation.
If we see locking_type 4 in an old config, translate it to
the new combination of --readonly and --sysinit, which we
now define to mean the --readonly behavior with an exception
to allow activation.
The 'lvconvert LV' command def has caused multiple problems
for command matching because it matches the required options
of any lvconvert command. Any lvconvert with incorrect options
ends up matching 'lvconvert LV', which then produces an error
about incorrect options being used for 'lvconvert LV'. This
prevents suggestions from nearest-command partial command matches.
Add a special case for 'lvconvert LV' so that it won't be used
as a partial match for a command that has options specified.
Native disk scanning is now both reduced and
async/parallel, which makes it comparable in
performance (and often faster) when compared
to lvm using lvmetad.
Autoactivation now uses local temp files to record
online PVs, and no longer requires lvmetad.
There should be no apparent command-level change
in behavior.
It's no longer needed. Clustered VGs are now handled in
the same way as foreign VGs, and as shared VGs that
can't be accessed:
- A command processing all VGs sees a clustered VG,
prints a message ("Skipping clustered VG foo."),
skips it, and does not fail.
- A command where the clustered VG is explicitly
named on the command line, prints a message and fails.
"Cannot access clustered VG foo, see lvmlockd(8)."
The option is listed in the set of ignored options for
the commands that previously accepted it. (Removing it
entirely would cause commands/scripts to fail if they
set it.)
The last commit related to this was incomplete:
"Implement lock-override options without locking type"
This is further reworking and reduction of the locking.[ch]
layer which handled all clustering, but is now only used
for file locking. The "locking types" that this layer
implemented were removed previously, leaving only the
standard file locking. (Some cluster-related artifacts
remain to be cleared out later.)
Command options to override or modify locking behavior
are reimplemented here without using the locking types.
Also, deprecated locking_type values are recognized,
and implemented as if one of the equivalent override
options was set.
Options that override file locking are:
. --nolocking disables all file locking.
. --readonly grants read lock requests without actually
taking a file lock, and refuses write lock requests.
. --ignorelockingfailure tries to set up file locks and
uses them normally if possible. When not possible, it
behaves like --readonly, but allows activation.
. --sysinit is the same as ignorelockingfailure.
. global/metadata_read_only acquires actual read file
locks, and refuses write lock requests.
(Some of these options could probably be deprecated
because they were added as workarounds to various
locking_type behaviors that are now deprecated.)
The locking_type setting now has one valid value: 1 which
refers to standard file locking. Configs that contain
deprecated values are recognized and still work in
largely the same way:
. 0 disabled all locking, now implemented like --nolocking
is set. Allow the nolocking option in all commands.
. 1 is the normal file locking setting and is unchanged.
. 2 was for external locking which was not used, and
reverts to normal file locking.
. 3 was for cluster/clvm. This reverts to normal file
locking, and prints messages about lvmlockd.
. 4 was equivalent to readonly, now implemented like
--readonly is set.
. 5 disabled all locking, now implemented like
--nolocking is set.
The options: --nolocking, --readonly, --sysinit
override, or make exceptions to, the normal file locking
behavior. Implement these by just checking for the
options in the file locking path instead of using
special locking types.
As we start refactoring the code to break dependencies (see doc/refactoring.txt),
I want us to use full paths in the includes (eg, #include "base/data-struct/list.h").
This makes it more obvious when we're breaking abstraction boundaries, eg, including a file in
metadata/ from base/
There are likely more bits of code that can be removed,
e.g. lvm1/pool-specific bits of code that were identified
using FMT flags.
The vgconvert command can likely be reduced further.
The lvm1-specific config settings should probably have
some other fields set for proper deprecation.
For reporting commands (pvs,vgs,lvs,pvdisplay,vgdisplay,lvdisplay)
we do not need to repeat the label scan of devices in vg_read if
they all had matching metadata in the initial label scan. The
data read by label scan can just be reused for the vg_read.
This cuts the amount of device i/o in half, from two reads of
each device to one. We have to be careful to avoid repairing
the VG if we've skipped rescanning. (The VG repair code is very
poor, and will be redone soon.)
