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<ul class="nav-list"><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/ostree/" class="nav-list-link">libostree</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/ostree/introduction/" class="nav-list-link">OSTree Overview</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/ostree/repo/" class="nav-list-link">Anatomy of an OSTree repository</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/ostree/deployment/" class="nav-list-link">Deployments</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/ostree/atomic-upgrades/" class="nav-list-link">Atomic Upgrades</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/ostree/atomic-rollbacks/" class="nav-list-link">Atomic Rollbacks</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/ostree/adapting-existing/" class="nav-list-link">Adapting existing mainstream distributions</a></li><li class="nav-list-item active"><a href="/ostree/var/" class="nav-list-link active">OSTree and /var handling</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/ostree/formats/" class="nav-list-link">OSTree data formats</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/ostree/buildsystem-and-repos/" class="nav-list-link">Writing a buildsystem and managing repositories</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/ostree/authenticated-repos/" class="nav-list-link">Handling access to authenticated remote repositories</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/ostree/repository-management/" class="nav-list-link">Managing content in OSTree repositories</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/ostree/copying-deltas/" class="nav-list-link">Static deltas for offline updates</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/ostree/ima/" class="nav-list-link">Using Linux IMA with OSTree</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/ostree/related-projects/" class="nav-list-link">Related Projects</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/ostree/composefs/" class="nav-list-link">Using composefs with OSTree</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/ostree/bootloaders/" class="nav-list-link">Bootloaders</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/ostree/CONTRIBUTING/" class="nav-list-link">Contributing</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/ostree/contributing-tutorial/" class="nav-list-link">OSTree Contributing Tutorial</a></li><li class="nav-list-item"><a href="/ostree/README-historical/" class="nav-list-link">Historical OSTree README</a></li></ul>
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<h1 id="ostree-and-var-handling">
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<a href="#ostree-and-var-handling" class="anchor-heading" aria-labelledby="ostree-and-var-handling"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="#svg-link"></use></svg></a> OSTree and /var handling
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</h1>
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<ol class="no_toc" id="markdown-toc">
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<li><a href="#ostree-and-var-handling" id="markdown-toc-ostree-and-var-handling">OSTree and /var handling</a> <ol>
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<li><a href="#default-commitimage-var-handling" id="markdown-toc-default-commitimage-var-handling">Default commit/image /var handling</a></li>
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<li><a href="#pitfalls" id="markdown-toc-pitfalls">Pitfalls</a></li>
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<li><a href="#examples" id="markdown-toc-examples">Examples</a> <ol>
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<li><a href="#debsrpms-which-drop-files-into-opt-ie-varopt" id="markdown-toc-debsrpms-which-drop-files-into-opt-ie-varopt">debs/RPMs which drop files into <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">/opt</code> (i.e. <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">/var/opt</code>)</a></li>
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<li><a href="#apache-default-content-in-varwwwhtml" id="markdown-toc-apache-default-content-in-varwwwhtml">Apache default content in <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">/var/www/html</code></a></li>
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<li><a href="#user-home-directories-and-databases" id="markdown-toc-user-home-directories-and-databases">User home directories and databases</a></li>
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<li><a href="#varlibcontainers" id="markdown-toc-varlibcontainers"><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">/var/lib/containers</code></a></li>
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<li><a href="#dnf-varlibdnfhistorysqlite" id="markdown-toc-dnf-varlibdnfhistorysqlite">dnf <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">/var/lib/dnf/history.sqlite</code></a></li>
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</ol>
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</li>
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<li><a href="#previous-ostree-var-and-tmpfilesd-usrsharefactoryvar" id="markdown-toc-previous-ostree-var-and-tmpfilesd-usrsharefactoryvar">Previous ostree /var and tmpfiles.d /usr/share/factory/var</a></li>
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</ol>
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</li>
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</ol>
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<!-- SPDX-License-Identifier: (CC-BY-SA-3.0 OR GFDL-1.3-or-later) -->
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<h2 id="default-commitimage-var-handling">
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<a href="#default-commitimage-var-handling" class="anchor-heading" aria-labelledby="default-commitimage-var-handling"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="#svg-link"></use></svg></a> Default commit/image /var handling
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</h2>
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<p>As of OSTree 2024.3, when a commit is “deployed” (queued to boot),
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the initial content of <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">/var</code> in a commit will be placed into the
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“stateroot” (default <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">var</code>) if the stateroot <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">var</code> is empty.</p>
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<p>The semantics of this are intended to match that of Docker “volumes”;
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consider that ostree systems have the equivalent of
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<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">VOLUME /var</code>
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by default.</p>
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<p>It is still strongly recommended to use systemd <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">tmpfiles.d</code> snippets
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to populate directory structure and the like in <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">/var</code> on firstboot,
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because this is more resilent.</p>
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<p>Even better, use <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">StateDirectory=</code> for systemd units.</p>
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<h2 id="pitfalls">
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<a href="#pitfalls" class="anchor-heading" aria-labelledby="pitfalls"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="#svg-link"></use></svg></a> Pitfalls
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</h2>
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<p>On subsequent upgrades, normally <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">/var</code> would not be empty anymore
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(as it’s typically expected that basics like <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">/var/tmp</code> etc. are created,
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if not also other local state such as <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">/var/log</code> etc.). Hence,
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<em>no updates</em> from the commit/container will be applied.</p>
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<p>To be clear then:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>Any files which already exist will <em>not</em> be updated.</li>
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<li>Any files which are deleted in the new version will not be deleted on existing systems.</li>
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</ul>
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<h2 id="examples">
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<a href="#examples" class="anchor-heading" aria-labelledby="examples"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="#svg-link"></use></svg></a> Examples
|
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</h2>
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<h3 id="debsrpms-which-drop-files-into-opt-ie-varopt">
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<a href="#debsrpms-which-drop-files-into-opt-ie-varopt" class="anchor-heading" aria-labelledby="debsrpms-which-drop-files-into-opt-ie-varopt"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="#svg-link"></use></svg></a> debs/RPMs which drop files into <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">/opt</code> (i.e. <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">/var/opt</code>)
|
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</h3>
|
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|
|||
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<p>The default OSTree “strict” layout has <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">/opt</code> be a symlink to <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">/var/opt</code>.
|
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Including any packaged content that “straddles” <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">/usr</code> and <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">/var</code> (i.e. <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">/var/opt</code>)
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will over time cause drift because changes in the package will not be reflected on disk.</p>
|
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<p>For situations like this, it’s strongly recommended to enable either
|
|||
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<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">composefs.enabled = true</code> or the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">root.transient = true</code> option for <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">ostree-prepare-root.conf</code>
|
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and change ensure your commit/container image has <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">/opt</code> as a plain directory. In the former case,
|
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|
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content in <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">/opt</code> will be immutable at runtime, the same as everything else in <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">/usr</code>.
|
|||
|
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In the latter case content it will be writable but transient.</p>
|
|||
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|
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|
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<p>There’s also a currently-experimental <a href="ostree-state-overlay@.service">../man/ostree-state-overlay@.service.xml</a>
|
|||
|
|
which can manage stateful writable overlays for individual mounts.</p>
|
|||
|
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<h3 id="apache-default-content-in-varwwwhtml">
|
|||
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|
|||
|
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|
|||
|
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<a href="#apache-default-content-in-varwwwhtml" class="anchor-heading" aria-labelledby="apache-default-content-in-varwwwhtml"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="#svg-link"></use></svg></a> Apache default content in <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">/var/www/html</code>
|
|||
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|
|||
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|
|||
|
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</h3>
|
|||
|
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|
|||
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|
|||
|
|
<p>In general, such static content would much better live in <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">/usr</code> - or even better, in an application container.</p>
|
|||
|
|
<h3 id="user-home-directories-and-databases">
|
|||
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|
|||
|
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|
|||
|
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<a href="#user-home-directories-and-databases" class="anchor-heading" aria-labelledby="user-home-directories-and-databases"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="#svg-link"></use></svg></a> User home directories and databases
|
|||
|
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|
|||
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|
|||
|
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</h3>
|
|||
|
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|
|||
|
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|
|||
|
|
<p>The semantics here are likely OK for the use case of “default users”.</p>
|
|||
|
|
<h3 id="varlibcontainers">
|
|||
|
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|
|||
|
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|
|||
|
|
<a href="#varlibcontainers" class="anchor-heading" aria-labelledby="varlibcontainers"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="#svg-link"></use></svg></a> <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">/var/lib/containers</code>
|
|||
|
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|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
</h3>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<p>Pulling container images into OSTree commits like this would be a bad idea; similar problems as RPM content.</p>
|
|||
|
|
<h3 id="dnf-varlibdnfhistorysqlite">
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<a href="#dnf-varlibdnfhistorysqlite" class="anchor-heading" aria-labelledby="dnf-varlibdnfhistorysqlite"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="#svg-link"></use></svg></a> dnf <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">/var/lib/dnf/history.sqlite</code>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
</h3>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<p>For $reasons dnf has its own database for state distinct from the RPM database, which on rpm-ostree systems is in <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">/usr/share/rpm</code> (under the read-only bind mount, managed by OS updates).</p>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<p>In an image/container-oriented flow, we don’t really care about this database which mainly holds things like “was this package user installed”. This data could move to <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">/usr</code>.</p>
|
|||
|
|
<h2 id="previous-ostree-var-and-tmpfilesd-usrsharefactoryvar">
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<a href="#previous-ostree-var-and-tmpfilesd-usrsharefactoryvar" class="anchor-heading" aria-labelledby="previous-ostree-var-and-tmpfilesd-usrsharefactoryvar"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="#svg-link"></use></svg></a> Previous ostree /var and tmpfiles.d /usr/share/factory/var
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
</h2>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<p>From OSTree versions 2023.8 to v2024.3 the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">/usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/ostree-tmpfiles.conf</code> file included this snippet:</p>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<div class="language-text highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code># Automatically propagate all /var content from /usr/share/factory/var;
|
|||
|
|
# the ostree-container stack is being changed to do this, and we want to
|
|||
|
|
# encourage ostree use cases in general to follow this pattern.
|
|||
|
|
C+! /var - - - - -
|
|||
|
|
</code></pre></div></div>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<p>Until version 0.13.2 of the ostree-ext project, content in <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">/var</code> in fetched container images is moved to <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">/usr/share/factory/var</code>, but this no longer happens when targeting ostree v2024.3.</p>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<p>Together, this will have the semantic that on OS updates, on the next boot (early in boot), any new files/directories will be copied. For more information on this, see <a href="https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man5/tmpfiles.d.5.html"><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">man tmpfiles.d</code></a>.</p>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<p>This has been reverted, and the semantics defer to the above ostree semantic.</p>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<hr>
|
|||
|
|
<footer>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<p class="text-small text-grey-dk-100 mb-0">Copyright © <a href="https://www.redhat.com">Red Hat, Inc.</a> and <a href="https://github.com/ostreedev">others</a>.</p>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<div class="d-flex mt-2">
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<p class="text-small text-grey-dk-000 mb-0">
|
|||
|
|
<a href="https://github.com/ostreedev/ostree/tree/main/docs/var.md" id="edit-this-page">Edit this page on GitHub</a>
|
|||
|
|
</p>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
</footer>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<div class="search-overlay"></div>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
</body>
|
|||
|
|
</html>
|
|||
|
|
|