diff --git a/man/less-variables.xml b/man/less-variables.xml
index 38cb18be2e..8a701277b6 100644
--- a/man/less-variables.xml
+++ b/man/less-variables.xml
@@ -64,5 +64,23 @@
the invoking terminal is determined to be UTF-8 compatible).
-
+
+ $SYSTEMD_COLORS
+
+ The value must be a boolean. Controls whether colorized output should be
+ generated. This can be specified to override the decision that systemd makes based
+ on $TERM and what the console is connected to.
+
+
+
+
+ $SYSTEMD_URLIFY
+
+ The value must be a boolean. Controls whether clickable links should be generated in
+ the output for terminal emulators supporting this. This can be specified to override the decision that
+ systemd makes based on $TERM and other conditions.
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/man/systemd.xml b/man/systemd.xml
index 957d37dcd9..9b2d5ac280 100644
--- a/man/systemd.xml
+++ b/man/systemd.xml
@@ -37,19 +37,22 @@
Description
- systemd is a system and service manager for Linux operating
- systems. When run as first process on boot (as PID 1), it acts as
- init system that brings up and maintains userspace
- services.
+ systemd is a system and service manager for Linux operating systems. When run as first process on
+ boot (as PID 1), it acts as init system that brings up and maintains userspace services. Seperate
+ instances are started for logged-in users to start their services.
- For compatibility with SysV, if systemd is called as
- init and a PID that is not 1, it will execute
- telinit and pass all command line arguments
- unmodified. That means init and
- telinit are mostly equivalent when invoked from
- normal login sessions. See
- telinit8
- for more information.
+ systemd is usually not invoked directly by the user, but is installed as the
+ /sbin/init symlink and started during early boot. The user manager instances are
+ started automatically through the
+ user@.service5
+ service.
+
+ For compatibility with SysV, if the binary is called as init and is not the
+ first process on the machine (PID is not 1), it will execute telinit and pass all
+ command line arguments unmodified. That means init and telinit are
+ mostly equivalent when invoked from normal login sessions. See
+ telinit8 for more
+ information.When run as a system instance, systemd interprets the
configuration file system.conf and the files
@@ -61,210 +64,6 @@
for more information.
-
- Options
-
- The following options are understood:
-
-
-
-
-
- Determine the initial start-up transaction (i.e. the list of jobs enqueued at
- start-up), dump it and exit — without actually executing any of the determined jobs. This option is
- useful for debugging only. Note that during regular service manager start-up additional units not
- shown by this operation may be started, because hardware, socket, bus or other kinds of activation
- might add additional jobs as the transaction is executed. Use to request
- the initial transaction of the system service manager (this is also the implied default), combine
- with to request the initial transaction of the per-user service manager
- instead.
-
-
-
-
- Dump understood unit configuration items. This
- outputs a terse but complete list of configuration items
- understood in unit definition files.
-
-
-
-
- Dump exposed bus properties. This outputs a terse but complete list of properties
- exposed on D-Bus.
-
-
-
-
- Set default unit to activate on startup. If
- not specified, defaults to
- default.target.
-
-
-
-
-
-
- When used in conjunction with , selects whether to calculate
- the initial transaction for the system instance or for a per-user instance. These options have no
- effect when invoked without , as during regular
- (i.e. non-) invocations the service manager will automatically detect whether
- it shall operate in system or per-user mode, by checking whether the PID it is run as is 1 or
- not. Note that it is not supported booting and maintaining a system with the service manager running
- in mode but with a PID other than 1.
-
-
-
-
-
- Enable core dumping on crash. This switch has
- no effect when running as user instance. This setting may also
- be enabled during boot on the kernel command line via the
- systemd.dump_core= option, see
- below.
-
-
-
- VT
-
- Switch to a specific virtual console (VT) on
- crash. Takes a positive integer in the range 1–63, or a
- boolean argument. If an integer is passed, selects which VT to
- switch to. If yes, the VT kernel messages
- are written to is selected. If no, no VT
- switch is attempted. This switch has no effect when running as
- user instance. This setting may also be enabled during boot,
- on the kernel command line via the
- systemd.crash_vt= option, see
-
- below.
-
-
-
-
-
- Run a shell on crash. This switch has no
- effect when running as user instance. This setting may also be
- enabled during boot, on the kernel command line via the
- systemd.crash_shell= option, see
- below.
-
-
-
-
-
- Automatically reboot the system on crash. This
- switch has no effect when running as user instance. This
- setting may also be enabled during boot, on the kernel command
- line via the systemd.crash_reboot= option,
- see below.
-
-
-
-
-
- Ask for confirmation when spawning processes.
- This switch has no effect when run as user
- instance.
-
-
-
-
- Takes a boolean argument or the special value auto. If on, terse unit
- status information is shown on the console during boot-up and shutdown. If off, no such status information is
- shown. If set to auto behavior is similar to off, except that it is automatically switched
- to on, as soon as the first unit failure or significant boot delay is encountered. This switch has no effect
- when invoked as user instance. If specified, overrides both the kernel command line setting
- systemd.show_status= (see below) and the configuration file option
- , see
- systemd-system.conf5.
-
-
-
-
- Set log target. Argument must be one of
- ,
- ,
- ,
- ,
- .
-
-
-
-
- Set log level. As
- argument this accepts a numerical log
- level or the well-known syslog3
- symbolic names (lowercase):
- ,
- ,
- ,
- ,
- ,
- ,
- ,
- .
-
-
-
-
- Highlight important log messages. Argument is
- a boolean value. If the argument is omitted, it defaults to
- .
-
-
-
-
- Include code location in log messages. This is
- mostly relevant for debugging purposes. Argument is a boolean
- value. If the argument is omitted it defaults to
- .
-
-
-
-
-
- Sets the default output or error output for
- all services and sockets, respectively. That is, controls the
- default for and
- (see
- systemd.exec5
- for details). Takes one of
- ,
- ,
- ,
- ,
- ,
- ,
- . If the
- argument is omitted
- defaults to
- and
- to
- .
-
-
-
-
-
- Override the machine-id set on the hard drive,
- useful for network booting or for containers. May not be set
- to all zeros.
-
-
-
-
-
- Globally enable/disable all service watchdog timeouts and emergency
- actions. This setting may also be specified during boot, on the kernel
- command line via the systemd.service_watchdogs=
- option, see below. Defaults to enabled.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Concepts
@@ -870,23 +669,8 @@
script runlevel link farms.
-
- $SYSTEMD_COLORS
-
- The value must be a boolean. Controls whether colorized output should be
- generated. This can be specified to override the decision that systemd
- makes based on $TERM and what the console is connected to.
-
-
-
-
- $SYSTEMD_URLIFY
-
- The value must be a boolean. Controls whether clickable links should be generated in the output
- for terminal emulators supporting this. This can be specified to override the decision that
- systemd makes based on $TERM and other conditions.
-
-
+
+ $LISTEN_PID
@@ -1022,9 +806,7 @@
it defaults to auto. If specified overrides the system
manager configuration file option , see
systemd-system.conf5.
- However, the process command line option
- takes precedence over both this kernel command line option and the
- configuration file option.
+
@@ -1055,11 +837,15 @@
systemd.default_standard_output=systemd.default_standard_error=
- Controls default standard output and error
- output for services, with the same effect as the
- and
- command line
- arguments described above, respectively.
+
+ Controls default standard output and error output for services and sockets. That is,
+ controls the default for and (see
+ systemd.exec5 for
+ details). Takes one of , , ,
+ , , ,
+ . If the argument is omitted
+ systemd.default-standard-output= defaults to and
+ systemd.default-standard-error= to .
@@ -1209,6 +995,188 @@
kernel-command-line7.
+
+ Options
+
+ systemd is only very rarely invoked directly, since it is started early and is
+ already running by the time users may interact with it. Normally, tools like
+ systemctl1 are used to
+ give commands to the manager. Since systemd is usually not invoked directly, the
+ options listed below are mostly useful for debugging and special purposes.
+
+
+ Introspection and debugging options
+
+ Those options are used for testing and introspection, and systemd may
+ be invoked with them at any time:
+
+
+
+
+
+ Dump understood unit configuration items. This outputs a terse but complete list of
+ configuration items understood in unit definition files.
+
+
+
+
+
+ Dump exposed bus properties. This outputs a terse but complete list of properties
+ exposed on D-Bus.
+
+
+
+
+
+ Determine the initial start-up transaction (i.e. the list of jobs enqueued at
+ start-up), dump it and exit — without actually executing any of the determined jobs. This option is
+ useful for debugging only. Note that during regular service manager start-up additional units not
+ shown by this operation may be started, because hardware, socket, bus or other kinds of activation
+ might add additional jobs as the transaction is executed. Use to request
+ the initial transaction of the system service manager (this is also the implied default), combine
+ with to request the initial transaction of the per-user service manager
+ instead.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ When used in conjunction with , selects whether to calculate
+ the initial transaction for the system instance or for a per-user instance. These options have no
+ effect when invoked without , as during regular
+ (i.e. non-) invocations the service manager will automatically detect
+ whether it shall operate in system or per-user mode, by checking whether the PID it is run as is 1
+ or not. Note that it is not supported booting and maintaining a system with the service manager
+ running in mode but with a PID other than 1.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Options that duplicate kernel command line settings
+
+ Those options correspond directly to options listed above in "Kernel Command Line". Both forms
+ may be used equivalently for the system manager, but it is recommended to use the forms listed above in
+ this context, because they are properly namespaced. When an option is specified both on the kernel
+ command line, and as a normal command line argument, the latter has higher precedence.
+
+ When systemd is used a user manager, the kernel command line is ignored and
+ the options described are understood. Nevertheless, systemd is usually started in
+ this mode through the
+ user@.service5
+ service, which is shared between all users, and it may be more convenient to use configuration files to
+ modify settings, see
+ systemd-user.conf5,
+ or a drop-in that specifies one of the environment variables listed above in "Environment, see
+ systemd.unit5.
+
+
+
+
+
+ Set default unit to activate on startup. If not specified, defaults to
+ default.target. See systemd.unit= above.
+
+
+
+
+
+ Enable core dumping on crash. This switch has no effect when running as user
+ instance. Same as systemd.dump_core= above.
+
+
+
+ VT
+
+ Switch to a specific virtual console (VT) on crash. This switch has no effect when
+ running as user instance. Same as systemd.crash_chvt= above (but not the
+ different spelling!).
+
+
+
+
+
+ Run a shell on crash. This switch has no effect when running as user instance. See
+ systemd.crash_shell= above.
+
+
+
+
+
+ Automatically reboot the system on crash. This switch has no effect when running as
+ user instance. See systemd.crash_reboot above.
+
+
+
+
+
+ Ask for confirmation when spawning processes. This switch has no effect when run as
+ user instance. See systemd.confirm_spawn above.
+
+
+
+
+
+ Show terse unit status information is shown on the console during boot-up and
+ shutdown. See systemd.show_status above.
+
+
+
+
+
+ Set log target. See systemd.log_target above.
+
+
+
+
+
+ Set log level. See systemd.log_level above.
+
+
+
+
+
+ Highlight important log messages. See systemd.log_color above.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Include code location in log messages. See systemd.log_location
+ above.
+
+
+
+
+
+ Override the machine-id set on the hard drive. See
+ systemd.machine_id= above.
+
+
+
+
+
+ Globally enable/disable all service watchdog timeouts and emergency actions. See
+ systemd.service_watchdogs above.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Sets the default output or error output for all services and sockets,
+ respectively. See systemd.default_standard_output= and
+ systemd.default_standard_error= above.
+
+
+
+
+
Sockets and FIFOs