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When systemd is started, it detects initrd by checking for that file
The usage of that file is not documented anywhere, so mention it early
in the most relevant man-page I could find.
https://github.com/systemd/systemd/issues/7153#issuecomment-485252308
Apparently this is still confusing for people.
Longer-term, I think we should just make BindMount= automatically "upgrade"
(or "downgrade", depending on how you look at this), any InaccessiblePath=
mountpoints to "tmpfs". I don't see much point in forcing users to remember
this interaction. But let's at least document the status quo, we can always
update the docs if the code changes.
A service might be able to detect errors by itself that may require the
system to take the same action as if the service locked up. Add a
WATCHDOG=trigger state change notification to sd_notify() to let the
service manager know about the self-detected misery and instantly
trigger the configured watchdog behaviour.
The interface provided by those two functions is huge, so this text could
probably be made two or three times as long if all details were described.
But I think it's a good start.
This wraps the call to org.freedesktop.DBus.Introspectable.Introspect.
Using "busctl call" directly is inconvenient because busctl escapes the
string before printing.
Example:
$ busctl introspect --xml org.freedesktop.systemd1 /org/freedesktop/systemd1 | pygmentize -lxml | less -RF
When shooting down a service with SIGABRT the user might want to have a
much longer stop timeout than on regular stops/shutdowns. Especially in
the face of short stop timeouts the time might not be sufficient to
write huge core dumps before the service is killed.
This commit adds a dedicated (Default)TimeoutAbortSec= timer that is
used when stopping a service via SIGABRT. In all other cases the
existing TimeoutStopSec= is used. The timer value is unset by default
to skip the special handling and use TimeoutStopSec= for state
'stop-watchdog' to keep the old behaviour.
If the service is in state 'stop-watchdog' and the service should be
stopped explicitly we still go to 'stop-sigterm' and re-apply the usual
TimeoutStopSec= timeout.
In cgroup v2 we have protection tunables -- currently MemoryLow and
MemoryMin (there will be more in future for other resources, too). The
design of these protection tunables requires not only intermediate
cgroups to propagate protections, but also the units at the leaf of that
resource's operation to accept it (by setting MemoryLow or MemoryMin).
This makes sense from an low-level API design perspective, but it's a
good idea to also have a higher-level abstraction that can, by default,
propagate these resources to children recursively. In this patch, this
happens by having descendants set memory.low to N if their ancestor has
DefaultMemoryLow=N -- assuming they don't set a separate MemoryLow
value.
Any affected unit can opt out of this propagation by manually setting
`MemoryLow` to some value in its unit configuration. A unit can also
stop further propagation by setting `DefaultMemoryLow=` with no
argument. This removes further propagation in the subtree, but has no
effect on the unit itself (for that, use `MemoryLow=0`).
Our use case in production is simplifying the configuration of machines
which heavily rely on memory protection tunables, but currently require
tweaking a huge number of unit files to make that a reality. This
directive makes that significantly less fragile, and decreases the risk
of misconfiguration.
After this patch is merged, I will implement DefaultMemoryMin= using the
same principles.
We had all kinds of indentation: 2 sp, 3 sp, 4 sp, 8 sp, and mixed.
4 sp was the most common, in particular the majority of scripts under test/
used that. Let's standarize on 4 sp, because many commandlines are long and
there's a lot of nesting, and with 8sp indentation less stuff fits. 4 sp
also seems to be the default indentation, so this will make it less likely
that people will mess up if they don't load the editor config. (I think people
often use vi, and vi has no support to load project-wide configuration
automatically. We distribute a .vimrc file, but it is not loaded by default,
and even the instructions in it seem to discourage its use for security
reasons.)
Also remove the few vim config lines that were left. We should either have them
on all files, or none.
Also remove some strange stuff like '#!/bin/env bash', yikes.
Media Access Control Security (MACsec) is an 802.1AE IEEE
industry-standard security technology that provides secure
communication for all traffic on Ethernet links.
MACsec provides point-to-point security on Ethernet links between
directly connected nodes and is capable of identifying and preventing
most security threats, including denial of service, intrusion,
man-in-the-middle, masquerading, passive wiretapping, and playback attacks.
Closes#5754
* Use more secure https://www.uefi.orghttp://www.uefi.org directs to https://uefi.org/, so this saves one
redirect.
$ curl -I http://www.uefi.org
HTTP/1.1 302 Found
Server: nginx
Date: Tue, 09 Apr 2019 14:54:46 GMT
Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1
Connection: keep-alive
X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff
Location: https://uefi.org/
Cache-Control: max-age=1209600
Expires: Tue, 23 Apr 2019 14:54:46 GMT
Run the command below to update all occurrences.
git grep -l http://www.uefi.org | xargs sed -i 's,http://www.uefi.org,https://www.uefi.org,'
* Use https://uefi.org to save redirect
Save one redirect by using the target location.
$ curl -I https://www.uefi.org
HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently
Server: nginx
Date: Tue, 09 Apr 2019 14:55:42 GMT
Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1
Connection: keep-alive
X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff
Location: https://uefi.org/
Cache-Control: max-age=1209600
Expires: Tue, 23 Apr 2019 14:55:42 GMT
Run the command below to update all occurrences.
git grep -l https://www.uefi.org | xargs sed -i 's,https://www.uefi.org,https://uefi.org,'
The description of NamePolicy= implied this, but didn't spell it out. It's a
very common use case, so let's add a bit of explanation and ehance the example
a bit.
Inspired by https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1695894.
time-sync.target is supposed to indicate system clock is synchronized
with a remote clock, but as used through 241 it only provided a system
clock that was updated based on a locally-maintained timestamp. Systems
that are powered off for extended periods would not come up with
accurate time.
Retain the existing behavior using a new time-set.target leaving
time-sync.target for cases where accuracy is required.
Closes#8861
According to the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard, "The /usr/local hierarchy is for use by the system administrator when installing software locally. It needs to be safe from being overwritten when the system software is updated". So it should not be used by installed packages.
Let's be safe, rather than sorry. This way DynamicUser=yes services can
neither take benefit of, nor create SUID/SGID binaries.
Given that DynamicUser= is a recent addition only we should be able to
get away with turning this on, even though this is strictly speaking a
binary compatibility breakage.
Let's avoid confusion whether the root is at the top or of the bottom of
the directory tree. Moreover we use "innermost" further down for the
same concept, so let's stick to the same terminology here.
