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* sd-bus/man: document EBUSY error in bus_message_read
The EBUSY error can be returned from sd_bus_exit_container(), and, if
that happens, it will be propogated upwards towards bus_message_read. In
terms of documentation, this means that bus_message_read's man page
can't just include the error text for sd_bus_message_read_basic, as
reading basic types exclusively doesn't have the potential for this
error.
sd_bus_message_read_basic's error documentation isn't incorrect when
applied to sd_bus_message_read, it's just incomplete. While EBUSY is
documented in sd_bus_message_open_container.xml,
it's explanation is unique to the sd_bus_message_exit_container function
and makes for poor documentation of the general read API.
There are a few undesirable properties to how boot entries are
currently sorted.
First, it sorts by entry file name only, which may not correspond
to the title that is shown (for exmaple because it is prefixed by
machine-id). The file ending will also create unexpected ordering
("arch-lts.conf" would come before "arch.conf").
While the list is sorted alphabetically ascending, it is also
lower version/priority first, which is unintuitive. In particular,
a boot-counted entry that is bad (0 tries left) will be at the very
top.
Additionally, the Windows and Mac loaders should be sorted with
the rest of the loaders.
This patch changes busctl capture to generate pcapng format
instead of the legacy pcap format files. It includes basic
meta-data in the file and still uses microsecond time
resolution. In future, more things can be added such as
high resolution timestams, statistics, etc.
PCAP Next Generation capture file format is what tshark uses
and is in process of being standardized in IETF. It is also
readable with libpcap.
$ capinfos /tmp/new.pcapng
File name: /tmp/new.pcapng
File type: Wireshark/... - pcapng
File encapsulation: D-Bus
File timestamp precision: microseconds (6)
Packet size limit: file hdr: (not set)
Packet size limit: inferred: 4096 bytes
Number of packets: 22
File size: 21kB
Data size: 20kB
Capture duration: 0.005694 seconds
First packet time: 2021-12-11 11:57:42.788374
Last packet time: 2021-12-11 11:57:42.794068
Data byte rate: 3,671kBps
Data bit rate: 29Mbps
Average packet size: 950.27 bytes
Average packet rate: 3,863 packets/s
SHA256: b85ed8b094af60c64aa6d9db4a91404e841736d36b9e662d707db9e4096148f1
RIPEMD160: 81f9bac7ec0ec5cd1d55ede136a5c90413894e3a
SHA1: 8400822ef724b934d6000f5b7604b9e6e91be011
Strict time order: True
Capture oper-sys: Linux 5.14.0-0.bpo.2-amd64
Capture application: systemd 250 (250-rc2-33-gdc79ae2+)
Number of interfaces in file: 1
Interface #0 info:
Encapsulation = D-Bus (146 - dbus)
Capture length = 4096
Time precision = microseconds (6)
Time ticks per second = 1000000
Number of stat entries = 0
Number of packets = 22
This explicitly mentions that comments and empty lines are supported
(and ignored) in /etc/locale.conf. It then adds ownership reference
to the factory default.
This adds /etc/locale.conf to the set of configuration files
populated by tmpfiles.d factory /etc handling.
In particular, the build-time locale configuration in systemd is
now wired to a /usr factory file, and installed to the system.
On boot, if other locale customization tools did not write
/etc/locale.conf on the system, the factory default file gets
copied to /etc by systemd-tmpfiles.
This is done in order to avoid skews between different system
components when no locale settings are configured. At that point,
systemd can safely act as the fallback owner of /etc/locale.conf.
Also fixes the following:
- IPServiceType= is moved to [DHCPv4] section,
- drop an incorrect sentence in RouteMTUBytes= in [DHCPv4] section.
- drop unnecessary word 'unsigned'.
Fixes https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2006761:
> systemd-resolved always (reverse)-resolves the host's IP addresses and FQDN.
> This can be harmful when an application (for instance, a DNS zone manager) is
> installed on the same server instance. That application would expect
> NXDOMAIN to be returned if the current server's IP does not belong in an
> already managed reverse zone.
This allows clients of nss-resolve to use the same config options that are
available through the dbus api and as command-line options to resolvectl.
The man page text is is mostly copied directly from
c6f20515ab.
Spotted whilst debugging:
```
[763/2094] Generating man/machine-info.html with a custom command
Element cite in namespace '' encountered in para, but no template matches.
[765/2094] Generating man/machine-info.5 with a custom command
Element cite in namespace '' encountered in para, but no template matches.
```
Follow-up to 357376d0bb.
Now that kernel-install creates the machine-id directory, we don't need to do
this is 'bootctl install', and in fact it's better not to do this since it
might never be necessary. So let's change the default behaviour to 'no'.
I kept support for 'auto' to maintain backwards compatibility, even though the
default was changed. Previous behaviour can be requested by specifying
--make-machine-id-directory=auto.
341890de86 made "bootctl install" create
ESP\MID, in preparation of cf73f65089 that
followed it and created 00-entry-directory.install to make ESP\MID\KVER
if ESP\MID existed ‒ this meant that "bootctl install" followed by
"kernel-install $(uname -r) /boot/vml*$(uname -r) /boot/ini*$(uname -r)"
actually installed the kernel correctly.
Later, 31e57550b5 reverted the first
commit, meaning, that now running those two commands first installs
sd-boot, but then does nothing. Everything appears to work right,
nothing errors out, but no changes are actually done. To the untrained
eye (all of them), even running with -v appears to work:
all the hooks are run, as is depmod, but, again, nothing happens.
This is horrible. Nothing in either manpage suggests what to do
(nor should it, really), but the user is left with a bootloader that
appears fully funxional, since nothing suggests a failure in the output,
but with an unbootable machine, /no way to boot it/, even if they drop
to an EFI shell, since the boot bundle isn't present on the ESP,
and no real recourse even if they boot into a recovery system,
apart from installing like GRUB or whatever.
00- is purely instrumentation for 90-,
and separating one from the other has led to downstream dissatisfaxion
(indeed, the last mentioned commit cited cited exactly that as the
reversion reason), while creating $ENTRY_DIR_ABS is only required
for bootloaders using the BLS, and shouldn't itself toggle anything.
To that end, introduce an /{e,l}/k/install.conf file that allows
overriding the detected layout, and detect it as "bls" if
$BOOT_ROOT/$MACHINE_ID ($ENTRY_DIR_ABS/..) exists, otherwise "other" ‒
if a user wishes to select a different bootloader,
like GRUB, they (or, indeed, the postinst script) can specify
layout=grub. This disables 90- and $ENTRY_DIR_ABS manipulation.
If KERNEL_INSTALL_MACHINE_ID is defined in /etc/machine-info, prefer it
over the machine ID from /etc/machine-id. If a machine ID is defined in
neither /etc/machine-info nor in /etc/machine-id, generate a new UUID
and try to write it to /etc/machine-info as KERNEL_INSTALL_MACHINE_ID
and use it as the machine ID if writing it to /etc/machine-info succeeds.
In practice, this means we have a more robust fallback if there's no
machine ID in /etc/machine-id than just using "Default" and allows
image builders to force kernel-install to use KERNEL_INSTALL_MACHINE_ID
by simply writing it to /etc/machine-info themselves.
The ordering of the service wrt. to udevd is enforced by unit configuration,
so no need to tell the user about this. From users' POV, the only thing that
counts is that the unit is enabled and then the right thing happens.
This description will help users who are trying to reset the already configured
CPUQuota= by trying incorrect ways such as CPUQuota=0 or CPUQUota=infinity.
Some types of credentials that a user would want to pass
into the initrd do not depend on the specific kernel/initrd
version. For instance, this can include SSH keys, rootfs
encryption keys, dm-integrity keys, and so on. This
introduces a directory where such credentials can be placed
so that any kernel image will load them
if /usr/lib/systemd/boot/efi/systemd-bootx64.efi.signed exists
install that instead of /usr/lib/systemd/boot/efi/systemd-bootx64.efi
the idea is that SecureBoot tooling can create the efi.signed file
whenever /usr/lib/systemd/boot/efi/systemd-bootx64.efi from the package
is updated.
Confer https://github.com/systemd/systemd/pull/19006#issuecomment-800234022:
On some systems it's the admin's explicit choice not to to have the
machine ID leak into the ESP
On some systems the machine ID is transient, generated at every boot,
and hence should not be written to the ESP
When an activation job is skipped because of a Condition*= setting failing,
currently the JobRemoved signal lists 'done' as the result, just as with
a successful job.
This is a problem when doing dbus activation: dbus-broker will receive a
signal that says the job was successful, so then it moves into a state where
it waits for the requested name to appear on the bus, but that never happens
because the job was actually skipped.
Add a new StartUnitWithFlags that changes the behaviour of the JobRemoved
signal to list 'done' or 'skipped'.
Fixes#21520
The documentation of sd_bus_get_timeout wrongfully states that the returned time-value is relative. In fact, it is an absolute value which is based of CLOCK_MONOTONIC. This change corrects that documentation.
By default checks PSI on /proc/pressure, and causes a unit to be skipped
if the threshold is above the given configuration for the avg300
measurement.
Also allow to pass a custom timespan, and a particular slice unit to
check under.
Fixes#20139
Allows to pass a portable profile when doing offline analysis of
units. Especially useful for analyzing portable images, since a
lot of the security-relevant settings in those cases come from
the profiles, but they are not shipped in the portable images.
Let's not mention a redundant setting of "none". Let's instead only
mention "best-effort", which is the same. Also mention the default
settings properly.
(Also, while we are at it, don#t document the numeric alias, that's
totally redundant and harder to use, so no need to push people towards
it.)
This should make things a bit more robust since it ensures system
extension can only applied to the right environments. Right now three
different "scopes" are defined:
1. "system" (for regular OS systems, after the initrd transition)
2. "initrd" (for sysext images that apply to the initrd environment)
3. "portable" (for sysext images that apply to portable images)
If not specified we imply a default of "system portable", i.e. any image
where the field is not specified is implicitly OK for application to OS
images and for portable services – but not for initrds.
The argument names of methods under org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties and
org.freedesktop.DBus.Introspectable interfaces are specifies in D-Bus
specification[1]. They are:
org.freedesktop.DBus.Introspectable.Introspect (out STRING xml_data)
org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties.Get (in STRING interface_name,
in STRING property_name,
out VARIANT value);
org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties.Set (in STRING interface_name,
in STRING property_name,
in VARIANT value);
org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties.GetAll (in STRING interface_name,
out DICT<STRING,VARIANT> props);
sd-bus is using different argument names in the introspection document.
Usually this is not a problem but in case something tries to map the
argument names based on the introspection document to the position of
the arguments in the method call, then using names different than the
ones specified in the D-Bus specification is confusing.
So fix the names to match the D-Bus specification.
[1] https://dbus.freedesktop.org/doc/dbus-specification.html#standard-interfaces-introspectable
This beefs up the DNS stub logic to listen on two IP addresses:
127.0.0.53 (as before) + 127.0.0.54 (new). When the latter is contact
our stub will operate in "bypass" mode only, i.e we'll try to pass DNS
requests as unmodified upstream as we can (and not do mDNS/LLMNR and
such, also no DNSSEC validation – but we'll still do DNS-over-TLS
wrapping).
This is supposed to be useful for container environments or tethering:
this stub could be exposed (via NAT redirect) to clients of this system
and we'll try to stay out of the way with doing too much DNS magic
ourselves, but still expose whatever the current DNS server is from
upstream under a stable address/port.
How to use this:
# iptables -t nat -I PREROUTING -p udp -i <interface> --dport 53 -j DNAT --to 127.0.0.54:53
# echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/<interface>/route_localnet
veritysetup-generator, fstab-generator: Setup and mount usr verity device when 'usrhash' (and optionally systemd.verity_usr_*) is present as kernel command line parameter
* man: document FIDO2 device removal
Indicate to users how to remove FIDO2 device in the --fido2-device=path section by setting path to an empty string (""). Tested on systemd 249 (249.6-3-arch)
Both linux kernel kernel and iproute2 uses int32 type for a link group
attribute and -1 has a special meaning, so setting it to 4294967295
would make it -1 in the linux kernel (and ip link cmd).
And while we are at it, make 'ssh-authorized-keys' verb properly
documented. Given that OpenSSH documents the interface in its man page
it's fine to just document our implementation of it too.
The manual incorrectly asserted that the properties in systemctl show
matched the the options in systemd-system.conf, which is not always true.
Add clarification on the equivalence of the properties in systemctl show
and systemd-system.conf
Fixed#21230
When using "capture : true" in custom_target()s the mode of the source
file is not preserved when the generated file is not installed and so
needs to be tweaked manually. Switch from output capture to creating the
target file and copy the permissions from the input file.
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <christian.brauner@ubuntu.com>
This introduces `ExitType=main|cgroup` for services.
Similar to how `Type` specifies the launch of a service, `ExitType` is
concerned with how systemd determines that a service exited.
- If set to `main` (the current behavior), the service manager will consider
the unit stopped when the main process exits.
- The `cgroup` exit type is meant for applications whose forking model is not
known ahead of time and which might not have a specific main process.
The service will stay running as long as at least one process in the cgroup
is running. This is intended for transient or automatically generated
services, such as graphical applications inside of a desktop environment.
Motivation for this is #16805. The original PR (#18782) was reverted (#20073)
after realizing that the exit status of "the last process in the cgroup" can't
reliably be known (#19385)
This version instead uses the main process exit status if there is one and just
listens to the cgroup empty event otherwise.
The advantages of a service with `ExitType=cgroup` over scopes are:
- Integrated logging / stdout redirection
- Avoids the race / synchronisation issue between launch and scope creation
- More extensive use of drop-ins and thus distro-level configuration:
by moving from scopes to services we can have drop ins that will affect
properties that can only be set during service creation,
like `OOMPolicy` and security-related properties
- It makes systemd-xdg-autostart-generator usable by fixing [1], as obviously
only services can be used in the generator, not scopes.
[1] https://bugs.kde.org/show_bug.cgi?id=433299
In some cases an offline analysis should ignore some fields, for example
a portable service in an image will never list RootImage/RootDirectory, as
they are added at runtime, and thus can be skipped.
Let's document this for now. We should be able to lift these limitations
sooner or later, at which point we can drop this documentation again.
These two limitations are a pitfall that people should be aware of,
before going FIDO2-only.
See: #20230#19208
Those devices show up as /sys/devices/vif-N, let's use that number
to name them enXN.
Without this, all schemes fail and they keep the kernel names, which can
be racy.
Signed-off-by: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
To prevent situations like in #17602 from happening, let's drop
direct recursive template dependencies. These will almost certainly
lead to infinite recursion so let's drop them immediately to avoid
instantiating potentially thousands of irrelevant units.
Example of a template that would lead to infinite recursion which
is caught by this check:
notify@.service:
```
[Unit]
Wants=notify@%n.service
```
When combined with a tmpfs on /run or /var/lib, allows to create
arbitrary and ephemeral symlinks for StateDirectory or RuntimeDirectory.
This is especially useful when sharing these directories between
different services, to make the same state/runtime directory 'backend'
appear as different names to each service, so that they can be added/removed
to a sharing agreement transparently, without code changes.
An example (simplified, but real) use case:
foo.service:
StateDirectory=foo
bar.service:
StateDirectory=bar
foo.service.d/shared.conf:
StateDirectory=
StateDirectory=shared:foo
bar.service.d/shared.conf:
StateDirectory=
StateDirectory=shared:bar
foo and bar use respectively /var/lib/foo and /var/lib/bar. Then
the orchestration layer decides to stop this sharing, the drop-in
can be removed. The services won't need any update and will keep
working and being able to store state, transparently.
To keep backward compatibility, new DBUS messages are added.
This is useful since certain shares can only be mounted with additional
mount flags. For example the SMB share in modern AVM Fritz!Boxes
requires "noserverino" to be set to work from Linux.
Allow specifying CIFS services in the format //host/service/subdir/… to
allow multiple homedirs on the same share, and not in the main dir of
the share.
All other backends allow placing the data store at arbitrary places,
let's allow this too for the CIFS backend. This is particularly useful
for testing.
The setting is completely meaningless, as WithoutRA= and UseDelegatedPrefix=
in [DHCPv6] section, and DHCPv6Client= in [IPv6AcceptRA] section control
the behavior.
Previously, the prefix delegation is enabled when at least one
downstream interfaces request it. But, when the DHCPv6 client on the
upstream interface is configured, some downstream interfaces may not
exist yet, nor have .network file assigned.
Also, if a system has thousands of interfaces, then the previous logic
introduce O(n^2) search.
This makes the prefix delegation is always enabled, except when it is
explicitly disabled. Hopefully, that should not break anything, as the
DHCPv6 server should ignore the prefix delegation request if the server
do not have any prefix to delegate.
This is useful if the auto-firmware setting has been disabled. The
keys used here are based on what the majority of firmware employ in
the wild.
This also ensures there's a chance for the user to discover this in
case they were too slow during POST or simply used the wrong ones.
This is supposed to be used by package/image builders such as mkosi to
speed up building, since it allows us to suppress sync() inside a
container.
This does what Debian's eatmydata tool does, but for a container, and
via seccomp (instead of LD_PRELOAD).
When Assign= in [DHCPv6PrefixDelegation] is enabled, then the kernel
will create the prefix route for the assigned address with metric 256.
When Assign= is disabled, then the kernel will create the route with
metric 1024.
For the default value, we should choose a smaller value (higher priority)
than 1024, as the unreachable routes for delegated prefix will be
configured with 1024.
This adds support for dm integrity targets and an associated
/etc/integritytab file which is required as the dm integrity device
super block doesn't include all of the required metadata to bring up
the device correctly. See integritytab man page for details.
This option has coredumpctl look at all journals instead of only the
local ones. This allows coredumpctl to show information about remote
coredumps if the coredumps are made available in /var/lib/systemd/coredump
and the corresponding journals are made available in /var/log/journal.
This is already possible using the --directory option but --all makes it
more user friendly since users don't have to enter the journal directory
anymore as long as it's available under /var/log/journal.
