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cbdca8525b
we now can take multiple matches, and they will apply as AND if they apply to different fields and OR if they apply to the same fields. Also, terms of this kind can be combined with an overreaching OR.
330 lines
15 KiB
XML
330 lines
15 KiB
XML
<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
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<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
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<!--
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This file is part of systemd.
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Copyright 2012 Lennart Poettering
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systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
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under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
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the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
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(at your option) any later version.
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systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
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WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
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Lesser General Public License for more details.
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You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
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along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
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-->
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<refentry id="journalctl">
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<refentryinfo>
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<title>journalctl</title>
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<productname>systemd</productname>
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<authorgroup>
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<author>
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<contrib>Developer</contrib>
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<firstname>Lennart</firstname>
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<surname>Poettering</surname>
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<email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
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</author>
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</authorgroup>
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</refentryinfo>
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<refmeta>
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<refentrytitle>journalctl</refentrytitle>
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<manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
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</refmeta>
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<refnamediv>
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<refname>journalctl</refname>
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<refpurpose>Query the systemd journal</refpurpose>
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</refnamediv>
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<refsynopsisdiv>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>journalctl <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg> <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">MATCHES</arg></command>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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</refsynopsisdiv>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Description</title>
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<para><command>journalctl</command> may be used to
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query the contents of the
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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journal as written by
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-journald.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
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<para>If called without parameter will show the full
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contents of the journal, starting with the oldest
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entry collected.</para>
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<para>If one or more match arguments are passed the
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output is filtered accordingly. A match is in the
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format <literal>FIELD=VALUE</literal>,
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e.g. <literal>_SYSTEMD_UNIT=httpd.service</literal>,
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referring to the components of a structured journal
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entry. See
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.journal-fields</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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for a list of well-known fields. If multiple matches
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are specified matching different fields the log
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entries are filtered by both, i.e. the resulting output
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will show only entries matching all the specified
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matches of this kind. If two matches apply to the same
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field, then they are automatically matched as
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alternatives, i.e. the resulting output will show
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entries matching any of the specified matches for the
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same field. Finally, if the character
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"<literal>+</literal>" appears as separate word on the
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command line all matches before and after are combined
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in a disjunction (i.e. logical OR).</para>
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<para>Output is interleaved from all accessible
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journal files, whether they are rotated or currently
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being written, and regardless whether they belong to the
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system itself or are accessible user journals.</para>
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<para>All users are granted access to their private
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per-user journals. However, by default only root and
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users who are members of the <literal>adm</literal>
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group get access to the system journal and the
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journals of other users.</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Options</title>
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<para>The following options are understood:</para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--help</option></term>
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<term><option>-h</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Prints a short help
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text and exits.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--version</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Prints a short version
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string and exits.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--no-pager</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Do not pipe output into a
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pager.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--all</option></term>
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<term><option>-a</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Show all fields in
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full, even if they include unprintable
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characters or are very
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long.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--follow</option></term>
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<term><option>-f</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Show only most recent
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journal entries, and continously print
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new entries as they are appended to
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the journal.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--lines=</option></term>
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<term><option>-n</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Controls the number of
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journal lines to show, counting from
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the most recent ones. Takes a positive
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integer argument. In follow mode
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defaults to 10, otherwise is unset
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thus not limiting how many lines are
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shown.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--no-tail</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Show all stored output
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lines, even in follow mode. Undoes the
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effect of
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<option>--lines=</option>.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--output=</option></term>
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<term><option>-o</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Controls the
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formatting of the journal entries that are
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shown. Takes one of
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<literal>short</literal>,
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<literal>short-monotonic</literal>,
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<literal>verbose</literal>,
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<literal>export</literal>,
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<literal>json</literal>,
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<literal>cat</literal>. <literal>short</literal>
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is the default and generates an output
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that is mostly identical to the
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formatting of classic syslog log
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files, showing one line per journal
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entry. <literal>short-monotonic</literal>
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is very similar but shows monotonic
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timestamps instead of wallclock
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timestamps. <literal>verbose</literal>
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shows the full structered entry items
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with all
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fiels. <literal>export</literal>
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serializes the journal into a binary
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(but mostly text-based) stream
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suitable for backups and network
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transfer. <literal>json</literal>
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formats entries as JSON data
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structures. <literal>cat</literal>
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generates a very terse output only
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showing the actual message of each
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journal entry with no meta data, not
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even a timestamp.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--quiet</option></term>
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<term><option>-q</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Suppresses any warning
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message regarding inaccessable system
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journals when run as normal
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user.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--local</option></term>
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<term><option>-l</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Show only locally
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generated messages.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--this-boot</option></term>
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<term><option>-b</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Show data only from
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current boot.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--directory=</option></term>
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<term><option>-D</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Takes an absolute
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directory path as argument. If
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specified will operate on the
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specified journal directory instead of
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the default runtime and system journal
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paths.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--new-id128</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Instead of showing
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journal contents generate a new 128
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bit ID suitable for identifying
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messages. This is intended for usage
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by developers who need a new
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identifier for a new message they
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introduce and want to make
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recognizable. Will print the new ID in
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three different formats which can be
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copied into source code or
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similar.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Exit status</title>
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<para>On success 0 is returned, a non-zero failure
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code otherwise.</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Environment</title>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>$SYSTEMD_PAGER</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Pager to use when
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<option>--no-pager</option> is not given;
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overrides <varname>$PAGER</varname>. Setting
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this to an empty string or the value
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<literal>cat</literal> is equivalent to passing
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<option>--no-pager</option>.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Examples</title>
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<para>Without arguments all collected logs are shown
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unfiltered:</para>
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<programlisting>journalctl</programlisting>
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<para>With one match specified all entries with a field matching the expression are shown:</para>
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<programlisting>journalctl _SYSTEMD_UNIT=avahi-daemon.service</programlisting>
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<para>If two different fields are matched only entries matching both expressions at the same time are shown:</para>
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<programlisting>journalctl _SYSTEMD_UNIT=avahi-daemon.service _PID=28097</programlisting>
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<para>If two matches refer to the same field all entries matching either expression are shown:</para>
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<programlisting>journalctl _SYSTEMD_UNIT=avahi-daemon.service _SYSTEMD_UNIT=dbus.service</programlisting>
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<para>If the separator "<literal>+</literal>" is used
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two expression may be combined in a logical OR. The
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following will show all messages from the Avahi
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service process with the PID 28097 plus all messages
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from the D-Bus service (from any of its
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processes):</para>
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<programlisting>journalctl _SYSTEMD_UNIT=avahi-daemon.service _PID=28097 + _SYSTEMD_UNIT=dbus.service</programlisting>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>See Also</title>
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<para>
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-journald.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.journal-fields</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>journald.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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</para>
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</refsect1>
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</refentry>
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